{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:29:40Z","timestamp":1787862580827,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicon"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:54:45Z","timestamp":1758819285000},"page":"108601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Botulism in pregnancy: A clinical review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"267","author":[{"given":"Jayan Jayapalan","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9037-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divya Mecheril","family":"Balachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1969.03160280043007","article-title":"Type E botulism from home-canned gefilte fish: report of three cases","volume":"210","author":"Armstrong","year":"1969","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Clinical manifestation and treatment of botulism in two pregnant women: case report","volume":"25","author":"Ataee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nurs Midwifery Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl. l_1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix813","article-title":"Botulism during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic review","volume":"66","author":"Badell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19690007","article-title":"The transmission of immune globulins from the mother to the foetal and newborn young","volume":"28","author":"Brambell","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0234","article-title":"Case series of botulinum toxin administered to pregnant patients and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Cardon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2015-0018","article-title":"Botulism","volume":"37","author":"Carrillo-Marquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib7","first-page":"135","article-title":"Type E botulism due to salmon eggs","volume":"46","author":"Dolman","year":"1955","journal-title":"Canadian Journal Of Public Health\/Revue Canadienne De Sante'e Publique"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327106ht614oa","article-title":"A botulism outbreak from roasted canned mushrooms","volume":"25","author":"Cengiz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib10","article-title":"Observations of an infant born to A mother with botulism","volume":"658","author":"Clair","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-013118-111654","article-title":"Botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins","volume":"88","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib12","article-title":"Wound botulism in the setting of pregnancy: a literature review and case report","volume":"14","author":"Ghantarchyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib9","first-page":"889","article-title":"Wound botulism","volume":"44","author":"Gollober","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-001-0449-9","article-title":"37-Year-Old patient with eye muscle paralysis and rapidly progressing respiratory insufficiency","volume":"43","author":"G\u00f6tz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Internist"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.70049","article-title":"On placental and lactational transfer of IgG\u2010based therapeutic proteins\u2013Current understanding and knowledge gaps from a clinical pharmacology perspective","volume":"17","author":"Guinn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.120873","article-title":"Foodborne botulism in Canada, 1985\u20132005","volume":"19","author":"Leclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-2315(06)76453-5","article-title":"Botulism and pregnancy","volume":"35","author":"Magri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal De Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et Biologie De La Reproduction"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib17","first-page":"1368","article-title":"The problem of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of botulism in pregnant women. Case report","volume":"93","author":"Malov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ter. Arkh."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2005.04434.x","article-title":"Botulism in A pregnant intravenous drug abuser","volume":"61","author":"Morrison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib19","first-page":"979","article-title":"Food-borne botulism","volume":"63","author":"Nakamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain and nerve= Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib20","article-title":"IgG placental transfer in healthy and pathological pregnancies","volume":"2012","author":"Palmeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14010019","article-title":"Use of botulism antitoxin heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)\u2014(equine)(BAT\u00ae) in clinical study subjects and patients: a 15-year systematic safety review","volume":"14","author":"Parrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"9021","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66139-9","article-title":"Botulism and pregnancy","volume":"348","author":"Polo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7002a1","article-title":"Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of botulism, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR. Recommendations and Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz515","article-title":"Safety and clinical outcomes of an equine-derived heptavalent botulinum antitoxin treatment for confirmed or suspected botulism in the United States","volume":"70","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1457641","article-title":"Botulism in pregnancy\u2013a clinical approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"32","author":"Rimawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199609123351117","article-title":"Botulism in A pregnant woman","volume":"335","author":"Robin","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-68.6.1256","article-title":"Methods for detection of Clostridium botulinum toxin in foods","volume":"68","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Food Protect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121554","article-title":"Identification of the major steps in botulinum toxin action","volume":"44","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib29","article-title":"Case of neurobotulism in pregnant women","volume":"259","author":"Soghoyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib30","first-page":"218","article-title":"botulism\u2014Idaho, Oregon, 1973","volume":"22","author":"Type","year":"1973","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.08.2127","article-title":"A distinct kind of morning sickness: wound botulism in A pregnant female","volume":"156","author":"Wiltchik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl. l_1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix816","article-title":"Safety and improved clinical outcomes in patients treated with new equine-derived heptavalent botulinum antitoxin","volume":"66","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Toxicon"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010125003769?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0041010125003769?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:24:32Z","timestamp":1776961472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0041010125003769"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0041010125003769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601","relation":{},"ISSN":["0041-0101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0041-0101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Botulism in pregnancy: A clinical review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicon","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2025.108601","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108601"}}