{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T09:08:02Z","timestamp":1791104882231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004462","name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00c3\u00ada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T04:46:53Z","timestamp":1233809213000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Scorpion toxins that block transient currents (IA) of rat cerebellum granular cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Prestipino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Corzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Rosa","family":"Murgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Zanardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina B.","family":"Gurrola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourival D.","family":"Possani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.12.073","article-title":"A novel toxin from the venom of the scorpion Tityus trivittatus, is the first member of a new a-KTX subfamily","volume":"580","author":"Abdel-Mottaleb","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.07.008","article-title":"A common \u201chot spot\u201d confers hERG blockade activity to a-scorpion toxins affecting K+ channels","volume":"76","author":"Abdel-Mottaleb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.69.6.2222","article-title":"Kinetic study and numerical reconstruction of A-type current in granule cells of rat cerebellar slices","volume":"69","author":"Bardoni","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2005.08.010","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the venom and characterization of toxins specific for Na+ - and K+ -channels from the Colombian scorpion Tityus pachyurus","volume":"1764","author":"Barona","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.004","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the venom from the scorpion Tityus stigmurus: biochemical and physiological comparison with other Tityus species","volume":"146","author":"Batista","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1997.sp021842","article-title":"Potassium currents in acutely isolated human hippocampal dentate granule cells","volume":"498","author":"Beck","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/296090a0","article-title":"Selective blockage of voltage-dependent K+ channels by a novel scorpion toxin","volume":"296","author":"Carbone","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00585064","article-title":"Blocking of the squid axon K+ channel by noxiustoxin: a toxin from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides noxius","volume":"408","author":"Carbone","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01871426","article-title":"A transient outward current dependent on external calcium in rat cerebellar granule cells","volume":"122","author":"Carignani","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11293.x","article-title":"Molecular diversity of K+ channels","volume":"868","author":"Coetzee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03652-9","article-title":"A large number of novel Ergtoxin-like genes and ERG K+-channels blocking peptides from scorpions of the genus Centruroides","volume":"532","author":"Corona","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017683","article-title":"Voltage-activated membrane currents in rat cerebellar granule neurons","volume":"414","author":"Cull-Candy","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16756","DOI":"10.1021\/bi991685m","article-title":"Pi7, an orphan peptide from the scorpion Pandinus imperator: a 1H-NMR analysis using a nano-NMR probe","volume":"38","author":"Delepierre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7370-x","article-title":"Cytolytic and K(+) channel blocking activities of beta-KTx and scorpine-like peptides purified from scorpion venoms","volume":"65","author":"Diego-Garcia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6744","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.12.6744","article-title":"Sea anemone peptides with a specific blocking activity against the fast inactivating potassium channel Kv3.4","volume":"273","author":"Diochot","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0702283","article-title":"Effects of phrixotoxins on the Kv4 family of potassium channels and implications for the role of Ito1 in cardiac electrogenesis","volume":"126","author":"Diochot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2004.07.010","article-title":"Discrepin, a new peptide of the sub-family alpha-ktx15, isolated from the scorpion Tityus discrepans irreversibly blocks K+ -channels (IA currents) of cerebellum granular cells","volume":"430","author":"D'Suze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(94)90125-2","article-title":"Tityustoxin-K alpha, from scorpion venom, blocks voltage-gated, non-inactivating potassium current in cultured central neurons","volume":"33","author":"Eccles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.62.1.48","article-title":"Novel tarantula toxins for subtypes of voltage-dependent potassium channels in the Kv2 and Kv4 subfamilies","volume":"62","author":"Escoubas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s002490000101","article-title":"Synthetic undecapeptide (NTX10-20) of noxiustoxin blocks completely the I(A) potassium currents of cerebellum granular cells","volume":"29","author":"Frau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90452-9","article-title":"The charybdotoxin receptor of a Shaker K+ channel: peptide and channel residues mediating molecular recognition","volume":"12","author":"Goldstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s002329900084","article-title":"Two novel toxins from the venom of the scorpion Pandinus imperator show that the N-terminal amino acid sequence is important for their affinities towards Shaker B K+ channels","volume":"152","author":"G\u00f3mez-Lagunas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01255815","article-title":"Synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence of noxiustoxin indicate that the active site of this K+ blocker is located on its amino-terminal portion","volume":"77","author":"Gurrola","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neural. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.10","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels","volume":"57","author":"Gutman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7716527","article-title":"Revealing the architecture of a K+ channel pore through mutant cycles with a peptide inhibitor","volume":"268","author":"Hidalgo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00212-X","article-title":"Characterisation of the genes encoding Aa1 isoforms from the scorpion Androctonus australis","volume":"41","author":"Legros","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90737-6","article-title":"Autoradiographic localization and depolarization-induced release of acidic amino acids in differentiating cerebellar granule cell cultures","volume":"290","author":"Levi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90057-8","article-title":"The charybdotoxin family of K+ channel-blocking peptides","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3150977","article-title":"A novel structural class of K+-channel blocking toxin from the scorpion Pandinus imperator","volume":"315","author":"Olamendi-Portugal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s002320010033","article-title":"Effects of toxins Pi2 and Pi3 on human T lymphocyte Kv1.3 channels: the role of Glu7 and Lys24","volume":"179","author":"Peter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02563-5","article-title":"Anticonvulsant phenytoin affects voltage-gated potassium currents in cerebellar granule cells","volume":"941","author":"Pisciotta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s002490050112","article-title":"The Androctonus australis garzoni scorpion venom contains toxins that selectively affect voltage-dependent K(+)-channels in cerebellum granular cells","volume":"27","author":"Pisciotta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7929","article-title":"A novel toxin from the scorpion Androctonus australis blocks Shaker K+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes","volume":"242","author":"Pisciotta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(00)00259-5","article-title":"Fast K(+) currents from cerebellum granular cells are completely blocked by a peptide purified from Androctonus australis Garzoni scorpion venom","volume":"1468","author":"Pisciotta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib35","series-title":"Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides","article-title":"Scorpion venom peptides","author":"Possani","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02907789","article-title":"The primary structure of Noxiustoxin: a K+ Channel blocking peptide from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann","volume":"47","author":"Possani","year":"1982","journal-title":"Carlsberg Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0519248","article-title":"Solution structure of discrepin, a new K+-channel blocking peptide from the alpha-KTx15 subfamily","volume":"45","author":"Prochnicka-Chalufour","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80030-6","article-title":"Spatial localization of the K+ channel selectivity filter by mutant cycle-based structure analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ranganathan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01117047","article-title":"A transient voltage-dependent outward current in cultured cerebellar granules","volume":"9","author":"Robello","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(03)00080-4","article-title":"Novel interactions between K+ channels and scorpion toxins","volume":"24","author":"Rodriguez-de-la-Vega","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.01.012","article-title":"A positive charge at the N-terminal segment of Discrepin increases the blocking effect of K+ channels responsible for IA currents in cerebellum granular cells","volume":"1780","author":"Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)13491-8","article-title":"Heteropodatoxins: peptides isolated from spider venom that block Kv4.2 potassium channels","volume":"51","author":"Sanguinetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02620-5","article-title":"A new class of scorpion toxin binding sites related to an A-type K+ channel: pharmacological characterization and localization in rat brain","volume":"501","author":"Vacher","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6037","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2002.03294.x","article-title":"Expanding the scorpion toxin alpha-KTX 15 family with AmmTX3 from Androctonus mauretanicus","volume":"269","author":"Vacher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.03.023","article-title":"Definition of the alpha-KTx15 subfamily","volume":"43","author":"Vacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(98)01318-6","article-title":"The anatomy of the cerebellum","volume":"21","author":"Voogd","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427409000654?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427409000654?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T05:11:08Z","timestamp":1759900268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378427409000654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378427409000654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4274","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Scorpion toxins that block transient currents (IA) of rat cerebellum granular cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.01.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}