{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:56:45Z","timestamp":1789923405232,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T23:20:24Z","timestamp":1372980024000},"page":"212-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Synergistic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and lipopolysaccharide on preterm delivery and intrauterine fetal death in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongze","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Vincent","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31902-X","article-title":"Endotoxin and bacteria in portal blood","volume":"73","author":"Ansell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70562-4","article-title":"The nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB mediates interleukin-1beta-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human myometrial cells","volume":"181","author":"Belt","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-011-9325-7","article-title":"Differential morphofunctional characteristics and gene expression in fast and slow muscle of rats with monocrotaline-induced heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Bertaglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Histology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700900116","article-title":"Foetal and neonatal responses to hepatotoxic agents","volume":"90","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.112","article-title":"Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against fetal death and preterm labor induced by maternal inflammation","volume":"188","author":"Buhimschi","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)41206-4","article-title":"Purification and characterization of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase from rat liver","volume":"250","author":"Carlberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00274.x","article-title":"Melatonin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced intra-uterine fetal death and growth retardation in mice","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Pineal Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.08.010","article-title":"Ascorbic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced intra-uterine fetal death and intra-uterine growth retardation in mice","volume":"217","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00164-1","article-title":"Liver inflammation during monocrotaline hepatotoxicity","volume":"190","author":"Copple","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0050","series-title":"Primer of Biostatistics","first-page":"427","article-title":"How to analyze survival Data","author":"Glantz","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719109348025","article-title":"Choriodecidual inflammation: a harbinger of the preterm labor syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Grigsby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8","article-title":"Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation","volume":"249","author":"Habig","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2416","article-title":"Annual summary of vital statistics: 2007","volume":"125","author":"Heron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0070","first-page":"382","article-title":"Hepatic and extrahepatic pathobiology of bacterial lipopolysaccharides","volume":"45","author":"Hewett","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00126.x","article-title":"Biochemistry and cell biology of bacterial endotoxins","volume":"16","author":"Holst","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0080","series-title":"The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. March of Dimes, PMNCH, Save the Children","author":"Howson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22269","article-title":"Protective mechanisms of N-acetyl-cysteine against pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"108","author":"Ji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65574-5","article-title":"Long-term, near-total liver replacement by transplantation of isolated hepatocytes in rats treated with retrorsine","volume":"153","author":"Laconi","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod67.2.668","article-title":"Nuclear factor kappa B regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues in vitro","volume":"67","author":"Lappas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(76)90747-6","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver","volume":"71","author":"Lawrence","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00149-X","article-title":"Fetotoxicity and reproductive effects of monocrotaline in pregnant rats","volume":"69","author":"Medeiros","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45228-9","article-title":"The role of superoxide anion in the autoxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"247","author":"Misra","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001701","article-title":"Preventing preterm birth: the past limitations and new potential of animal models","volume":"3","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Disease Models & Mechanisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1038","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00097.2009","article-title":"Antioxidant treatment attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension-induced heart failure","volume":"298","author":"Redout","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology \u2013 Heart and Circulatory Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases","volume":"28","author":"Reitman","year":"1957","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1997.8301","article-title":"Is exposure to bacterial endotoxin a determinant of susceptibility to intoxication from xenobiotic agents?","volume":"147","author":"Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80330-5","article-title":"Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in newborn infant of a woman drinking herbal tea","volume":"112","author":"Roulet","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(01)00013-8","article-title":"Lack of protective action of cysteine against the fetotoxic effect of monocrotaline","volume":"39","author":"Soto-Blanco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0155","series-title":"Principles and Procedures in Statistics: A Biometric Approach","author":"Steel","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2006.11.004","article-title":"Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases","volume":"39","author":"Stickel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Digestive and Liver Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700540302","article-title":"An experimental study in placental permeability to cirrhogenic poisons","volume":"54","author":"Sundareson","year":"1942","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2006.04.005","article-title":"Modeling inflammation\u2013drug interactions in vitro: a rat Kupffer cell-hepatocyte coculture system","volume":"20","author":"Tukov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology In Vitro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080257","article-title":"The endothelin-converting enzyme-1\/endothelin-1 pathway plays a critical role in inflammation-associated premature delivery in a mouse model","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-010-9174-0","article-title":"Toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids to humans and ruminants","volume":"10","author":"Wiedenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochemistry Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8968","article-title":"Synergistic hepatotoxicity from coexposure to bacterial endotoxin and the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline","volume":"166","author":"Yee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S1673-8527(07)60022-8","article-title":"Microsatellite genotyping for four expected inbred mouse strains from KM mice","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Genetics and Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn027","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species contribute to lipopolysaccharide-induced teratogenesis in mice","volume":"103","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2174\/138920007781368863","article-title":"Metabolic activation of herbal and dietary constituents and its clinical and toxicological implications: an update","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Drug Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427413011107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427413011107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T11:32:54Z","timestamp":1645961574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378427413011107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378427413011107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4274","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synergistic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and lipopolysaccharide on preterm delivery and intrauterine fetal death in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.06.238","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}