{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T10:46:50Z","timestamp":1787222810716,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81472955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81472955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,20]],"date-time":"2020-06-20T06:20:53Z","timestamp":1592634053000},"page":"200-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Harmful chemicals of heat not burn product and its induced oxidative stress of macrophages at air-liquid interface: Comparison with ultra-light cigarette"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"331","author":[{"given":"Liyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruoshi","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200802023882","article-title":"The lightest market in the world: light and mild cigarettes in Japan","volume":"10","author":"Assunta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2013.10.004","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"35","author":"Barnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10721","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b03698","article-title":"Immune activation of RAW264.7 macrophages by low molecular weight fucoidan extracted from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida","volume":"66","author":"Bi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Boukhenouna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev (special issue)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0025","first-page":"4","article-title":"Relationship between cigarette yields and smoking time under different machine smoking regimes","volume":"26","author":"Colard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Beitr\u00e3\u00a4ge Zur Tab. Int. Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0030","first-page":"2014","article-title":"Determination of tobacco specific nitrosamines in mainstream cigarette smoke by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"75","author":"CORESTA","year":"2014","journal-title":"CRM N\u00b0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0035","first-page":"2018","article-title":"Determination of Ammonia in tobacco and tobacco products by Ion chromatographic analysis","volume":"79","author":"CORESTA","year":"2018","journal-title":"CRM N\u00b0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0040","first-page":"2018","article-title":"Determination of benzo[a]Pyrene in cigarette mainstream smoke \u2013 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"58","author":"CORESTA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Method. CRM N\u00b0"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0045","first-page":"018","article-title":"Determination of selected carbonyls in mainstream cigarette smoke by high performance","volume":"74","author":"CORESTA","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). CRM N\u00b0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0050","first-page":"2018","article-title":"Determination of selected phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke by HPLC-FLD","volume":"78","author":"CORESTA","year":"2018","journal-title":"CRM N\u00b0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0055","first-page":"2018","article-title":"Determination of selected volatile organic compounds in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method","volume":"70","author":"CORESTA","year":"2018","journal-title":"CRM N\u00b0"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0060","first-page":"70","article-title":"Evaluation of the oxidant and antioxidant balance in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"19","author":"Cristovao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Port. Pneumol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L369","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00456.2018","article-title":"Oxidative stress and macrophages: driving forces behind exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?","volume":"316","author":"de Groot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs.55.421","article-title":"Nicotine, tar, and mutagenicity of mainstream smoke generated by machine smoking with international organization for standardization and health canada intense regimens of major japanese cigarette brands","volume":"55","author":"Endo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Health Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0130OC","article-title":"Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes in cigarette smoke release inflammatory mediators from human macrophages","volume":"37","author":"Facchinetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.10.006","article-title":"Assessment of novel tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 3: comprehensive chemical characterisation of harmful and potentially harmful aerosol emissions","volume":"93","author":"Forster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0085","first-page":"208","article-title":"Selected constituent yield variation in the smoke of commercial cigarette brands on the japanese market","volume":"27","author":"Hyodo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Beitr\u00e3\u00a4ge Zur Tab. Int. Tob. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0090","series-title":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 88 (2006): Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol","first-page":"2011","author":"IARC","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0095","series-title":"Cigarettes\uff0dDetermination of Total and Nicotine-free Dry Particulate Matter Using a Routine Analytical Smoking Machine","first-page":"2000","author":"ISO","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0100","series-title":"Routine Analytical Cigarette Smoking Machine\uff0dDefinitions and Standard Conditions","first-page":"2012","author":"ISO","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.08.006","article-title":"Comparative assessment of HPHC yields in the Tobacco Heating System THS2.2 and commercial cigarettes","volume":"90","author":"Jaccard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.09.016","article-title":"Assessment of tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 5: in vitro dosimetric and cytotoxic assessment","volume":"93","author":"Jaunky","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.034256","article-title":"Malaysian and Thai smokers\u2019 beliefs about the harmfulness of \u2018light\u2019 and menthol cigarettes","volume":"19","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.07.019","article-title":"In vitro toxicity testing of cigarette smoke based on the air-liquid interface exposure: a review","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760802008114","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in acrolein-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.02.109","article-title":"Photoactivated oxidase mimetics derived from dicyandiamide and barbituric acid for colorimetric detection of glutathione","volume":"215","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty005","article-title":"Chemical analysis and simulated pyrolysis of tobacco heating system 2.2 compared to conventional cigarettes","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9841","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AY01835D","article-title":"The influence of nitrogen dioxide on the determination of hydrogen cyanide in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke and the improvement of the determination method by continuous flow analyzer","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx028","volume":"20","author":"Ludicke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw287","article-title":"Effects of switching to the tobacco heating system 2.2 menthol, smoking abstinence, or continued cigarette smoking on biomarkers of exposure: a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter study in sequential confinement and ambulatory settings (Part 1)","volume":"20","author":"Ludicke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-0915","article-title":"Effects of switching to a heat-not-Burn tobacco product on biologically relevant biomarkers to assess a candidate modified risk tobacco product: a randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"Ludicke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s20","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054296","article-title":"Assessment of industry data on pulmonary and immunosuppressive effects of IQOS","volume":"27","author":"Moazed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0170","first-page":"825","article-title":"Update on the pathological processes, molecular biology, and clinical utility of N-acetylcysteine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Nam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Copd"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.11.004","article-title":"Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 6: 90-day OECD 413 rat inhalation study with systems toxicology endpoints demonstrates reduced exposure effects of a mentholated version compared with mentholated and non-mentholated cigarette smoke","volume":"81","author":"Oviedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.09.010","article-title":"The role of macrophages in obstructive airways disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma","volume":"64","author":"Pappas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2010.11.002","article-title":"Some consequences of using cigarette machine smoking regimes with different intensities on smoke yields and their variability","volume":"59","author":"Purkis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1385\/CBB:43:1:167","article-title":"Oxidative stress in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"43","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.016003534.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Rahman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.2478\/cttr-2013-0912","article-title":"Mainstream smoke chemistry and in vitro and in vivo toxicity of the reference cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F","volume":"25","author":"Roemer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Tabakforschung International \/ Contributions to Tobacco Research"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.10.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 2: chemical composition, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and physical properties of the aerosol","volume":"81","author":"Schaller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.07.006","article-title":"Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 1: description of the system and the scientific assessment program","volume":"81","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s30","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2018-054321","article-title":"IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International\u2019s claim of reduced exposure","volume":"27","author":"St Helen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.08.016","article-title":"Assessment of novel tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 6: a comparative in vitro study using contemporary screening approaches","volume":"93","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7-8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2013.06.001","article-title":"A review of in vitro cigarette smoke exposure systems","volume":"65","author":"Thorne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.08.017","article-title":"Assessment of novel tobacco heating product THP1.0. Part 7: comparative in vitro toxicological evaluation","volume":"93","author":"Thorne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2010.08.014","article-title":"Power of the process: evaluating the impact of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control negotiations","volume":"100","author":"Wipfli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Policy (New York)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.10.015","article-title":"Evaluation of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2. Part 4: 90-day OECD 413 rat inhalation study with systems toxicology endpoints demonstrates reduced exposure effects compared with cigarette smoke","volume":"81","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2, Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2012.08.004","article-title":"Reduced exposure evaluation of an electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 2: smoke chemistry and in vitro toxicological evaluation using smoking regimens reflecting human puffing behavior","volume":"64","author":"Zenzen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-017-0245-6","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of nine aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke using online solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"409","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2018.13949","article-title":"In vitro immune activation of Raw264.7 cells by nanodiamonds with different surface chemistry","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427420302903?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427420302903?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T05:21:32Z","timestamp":1759900892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378427420302903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0378427420302903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4274"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4274","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Harmful chemicals of heat not burn product and its induced oxidative stress of macrophages at air-liquid interface: Comparison with ultra-light cigarette","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2020.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}