{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T15:45:16Z","timestamp":1766159116759,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001962","name":"World Anti-Doping Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15C13MZ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15C13MZ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T21:56:52Z","timestamp":1677016612000},"page":"10-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Combinatory in vitro effects of the \u03b22-agonists salbutamol and formoterol in skeletal muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"378","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Piribauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kostov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Steidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.A.","family":"Bizjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Steinacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Diel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0377-x","article-title":"Distinct anabolic signalling responses to amino acids in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells","volume":"38","author":"Atherton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828cf5f3","article-title":"Testosterone signals through mTOR and androgen receptor to induce muscle hypertrophy","volume":"45","author":"Basualto-Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270909","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic modulation of skeletal muscle contraction: Key role of excitation-contraction coupling","volume":"593","author":"Cairns","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.110801","article-title":"Testosterone augments \u03b22 adrenergic receptor genomic transcription increasing salbutamol relaxation in airway smooth muscle","volume":"510","author":"Carbajal-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00133.x","article-title":"The effect of inhaled salbutamol and salmeterol on lung function and endurance performance in healthy well-trained athletes","volume":"7","author":"Carlsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(94)90054-X","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of salbutamol and clenbuterol on skeletal muscle mass and carcass composition in senescent rats","volume":"43","author":"Carter","year":"1994","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib7","first-page":"45","article-title":"Muscle and serum changes with salbutamol administration in aerobically exercised rats","volume":"126","author":"Cepero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C: Pharmacol., Toxicol. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E50","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1992.263.1.E50","article-title":"Anabolic effects of clenbuterol on skeletal muscle are mediated by beta 2-adrenoceptor activation","volume":"263","author":"Choo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.2.430","article-title":"Effects of short-term oral salbutamol administration on exercise endurance and metabolism","volume":"89","author":"Collomp","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"4922","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2570461","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the human \u03b23-adrenergic receptor","volume":"245","author":"Emorine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.084947","article-title":"Functional characterization of the \u03b2-adrenergic receptor subtypes expressed by CA1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus","volume":"314","author":"Hillman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib12","first-page":"729","article-title":"Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti\u2010atrophy effects of clenbuterol are mediated by the \u03b22\u2013adrenergic receptor. Muscle & Nerve: Official","volume":"25","author":"Hinkle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Electrodiagn. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2728","article-title":"Anabolic and lipolytic actions of beta2-agonists in humans and antidoping challenges","volume":"12","author":"Hostrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02490-x","article-title":"Ecdysteroids as non-conventional anabolic agent: performance enhancement by ecdysterone supplementation in humans","volume":"93","author":"Isenmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2755","article-title":"Beta2\u2013adrenergic agonist clenbuterol increases energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and induces mTOR phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of young healthy men","volume":"12","author":"Jessen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.07.019","article-title":"Regulation of Akt-mTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways in response to formoterol administration in rat skeletal muscle","volume":"45","author":"Joassard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12096","article-title":"Combined inhalation of beta2\u2013agonists improves swim ergometer sprint performance but not high\u2010intensity swim performance","volume":"24","author":"Kalsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00364.2015","article-title":"Effect of formoterol, a long-acting \u03b22-adrenergic agonist, on muscle strength and power output, metabolism, and fatigue during maximal sprinting in men","volume":"310","author":"Kalsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. - Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b13-00231","article-title":"Selective androgen receptor modulator, YK11, regulates myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by follistatin expression","volume":"36","author":"Kanno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.04.026","article-title":"Androgen-and estrogen-receptor mediated activities of 4-hydroxytestosterone, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione and their human metabolites in yeast based assays","volume":"292","author":"Keiler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(92)90374-X","article-title":"\u03b2-Adrenergic agonists and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"1992","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737020-00001","article-title":"Do inhaled \u03b22-agonists have an ergogenic potential in non-asthmatic competitive athletes?","volume":"37","author":"Kindermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00873.2006","article-title":"Rapamycin inhibits the growth and muscle-sparing effects of clenbuterol","volume":"102","author":"Kline","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.109925","article-title":"Death after misuse of anabolic substances (clenbuterol, stanozolol and metandienone)","volume":"303","author":"Lehmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01504-7","article-title":"Creatine increases IGF-I and myogenic regulatory factor mRNA in C2C12 cells","volume":"557","author":"Louis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Febs Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2007","article-title":"Role of \u03b2-adrenoceptor signaling in skeletal muscle: implications for muscle wasting and disease","volume":"88","author":"Lynch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0830615","article-title":"Salbutamol, a \u03b22-adrenoceptor agonist, increases skeletal muscle strength in young men","volume":"83","author":"Martineau","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38502-3","article-title":"Human fat cell beta-adrenergic receptors: beta-agonist-dependent lipolytic responses and characterization of beta-adrenergic binding sites on human fat cell membranes with highly selective beta 1-antagonists","volume":"29","author":"Mauri\u00e8ge","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib29","first-page":"46","article-title":"The asthmatic athlete: inhaled Beta-2 agonists, sport performance, and doping","volume":"21","author":"McKenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med.: Off. J. Can. Acad. Sport Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib30","first-page":"177","article-title":"Selective androgen receptor modulator, S42 has anabolic and anti-catabolic effects on cultured myotubes","volume":"17","author":"Muta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1042\/CBI20100782","article-title":"1\u03b1, 25\u2013dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances fast\u2010myosin heavy chain expression in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts","volume":"36","author":"Okuno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300806","article-title":"Estrogen receptor beta is involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by the phytoecdysteroid ecdysterone","volume":"58","author":"Parr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2165\/11537540-000000000-00000","article-title":"\u03b22-Agonists and physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Pluim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100708","article-title":"Can \u03b22-agonists have an ergogenic effect on strength, sprint or power performance? Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"54","author":"Riiser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.036","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"45","author":"Schakman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.07.003","article-title":"Past, present and future - \u03b22-adrenoceptor agonists in asthma management","volume":"99","author":"Sears","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0490","article-title":"Dexamethasone downregulates caveolin-1 causing muscle atrophy via inhibited insulin signaling","volume":"225","author":"Son","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2008.06.003","article-title":"A cell-based assay to assess the persistence of action of agonists acting at recombinant human \u03b22 adrenoceptors","volume":"58","author":"Summerhill","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.035162","article-title":"Salbutamol exhibits androgenic activity in vitro","volume":"41","author":"von Bueren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib40","unstructured":"World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List - January 2022. https:\/\/www.wada-ama.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/files\/2022list_final_en.pdf (accessed 10 December 2022)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2017.69818","article-title":"Androgen interacts with exercise through the mTOR pathway to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy","volume":"34","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Sport"},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1545883","article-title":"Anabolic effect of the traditional Chinese medicine compound tanshinone IIA on myotube hypertrophy is mediated by estrogen receptor","volume":"81","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0598-4812","article-title":"Anabolic activity of a soy extract and three major isoflavones in C2C12 myotubes","volume":"84","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111590","article-title":"Fucoxanthin rescues dexamethasone induced C2C12 myotubes atrophy","volume":"139","author":"Zhiyin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427423000954?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378427423000954?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T05:27:53Z","timestamp":1759901273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378427423000954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0378427423000954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4274"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0378-4274"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Combinatory in vitro effects of the \u03b22-agonists salbutamol and formoterol in skeletal muscle cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}