{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:23:47Z","timestamp":1790803427410,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":234,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T10:50:26Z","timestamp":1566643826000},"page":"914-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk of human exposure to metals in some household hygienic products in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Chukwujindu M.A.","family":"Iwegbue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omotekoro S.","family":"Emakunu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bulouebibo","family":"Lari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis E.","family":"Egobueze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godswill O.","family":"Tesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godwin E.","family":"Nwajei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1426-5328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bice S.","family":"Martincigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0005","series-title":"Laundry Soap Production in Nigeria: The Feasibility Report 2013","author":"Foraminifera Market Research Ltd (FMR)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0010","series-title":"Environmental and Health Assessment of Substances in Household Detergents and Cosmetic Detergent Products, Environmental Project No. 615","author":"Madsen","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0015","series-title":"Classification and Labelling of Surfactants for Human Health Hazards According to the Dangerous Substances Directive. CESIO Recommendations for Anionic and Non-Ionic Surfactants","author":"CESIO. Comit\u00e9 European des Agents de Surface etleurs Intermediaires Organiques","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0020","series-title":"Sources of Contaminants in Domestic Wastewater: Nutrients and Additional Elements From Household Products, Water for a Healthy Country Research Flagship Report ISSN: 1835-095X","author":"Tjandraatmadja","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9663","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3281-5","article-title":"Evaluation of metal contents of household detergent samples from Turkey by flame atomic absorption spectrometry","volume":"185","author":"Soylak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2016.10.001","article-title":"Evaluation of human exposure to metals from commonly used hair care products in Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Iwegbue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2015.05.010","article-title":"Self-reported Lupus flare: association with everyday home and personal product exposure","volume":"2","author":"Squance","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2016.11.001","article-title":"Determination of some heavy metals in selected cosmetic products sold in Kano metropolis, Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Sani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.06.035","article-title":"Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of five pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars collected from different geographical sites of Iran","volume":"107","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.01.015","article-title":"Safety evaluation of metal exposure from commonly used moisturizing and skin-lightening creams in Nigeria","volume":"71","author":"Iwegbue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2016.04.004","article-title":"Concentrations and exposure risks of some metals in facial cosmetics in Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"Iwegbue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2016.11.013","article-title":"Evaluation of human exposure to metals from some commonly used bathing soaps and shower gels in Nigeria","volume":"83","author":"Iwegbue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0065","article-title":"The SCCS\u2019s notes of guidance for the testing of cosmetic substance and the safety evaluation, 8th revision","author":"Scienti\ufb01c Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) (SCCS\/1501\/12)","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adopted by the SCCS at Its 17th Plenary Meeting of 11 December"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0070","series-title":"Guidance Manual for Assessing Human Health Risks From Chemically Contaminated, Fish and Shell\ufb01sh","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)","year":"1989"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2011.577075","article-title":"Trace metals in cosmetic facial talcum powders marketed in Nigeria","volume":"93","author":"Nnorom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. Environ. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0080","series-title":"Guidance on Heavy Metal Impurities in Cosmetics","author":"HC-SC, Health Canada-Sant\u00e9 Canada","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0085","series-title":"Kosmetische Mittel: BfR empfiehlt Schwermetallgehalte \u00fcber Rein-heitsanforderungen der Ausgangsstoffe zu regeln, Stellungnahme Nr. 025\/20 06des BfR vom 05.April","author":"BfR","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3923\/rjet.2007.102.104","article-title":"Assessment of the content of Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr in soaps and detergents from Akure Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Abulude","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. J. Environ. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0095","first-page":"1001","article-title":"The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of dermally-administered cadmium: effects of dermal cadmium administration","volume":"1","author":"Fasanya-Odewumi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0100","series-title":"Title 21-Food and Drugs. Chapter I - Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Part 74-Listing of Color Additives Subject to Certification. Sec.74.1306 D&C Red No.6","author":"United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0105","first-page":"107","article-title":"Monitoring of the content of chromium, nickel and cobalt in household detergent with ICP-AES","volume":"82","author":"Mariani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rivista Italiana Delle Sostanze Grasse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2002.470608.x","article-title":"Role of different valence states of chromium in the elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis","volume":"47","author":"Iyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2006.01058.x","article-title":"Contact allergy epidemics and their controls","volume":"56","author":"Thyssen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2011.07.010","article-title":"Contact sensitization to allergens in the Spanish standard series at Hospital Costa del Sol in Marbella, Spain: a retrospective study (2005\u20132010)","volume":"103","author":"Aguilar-Bernier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Dermo-Sifiiogr\u00e1ficas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2012.02070.x","article-title":"Current patch test results with the European baseline series and extensions to it from the \u2018European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy\u2019 network, 2007\u20132008","volume":"67","author":"Uter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1992.tb03284.x","article-title":"Permeation of chromium salts through human skin in vitro","volume":"27","author":"Gammelgaard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.02.009","article-title":"In vitro percutaneous absorption of metal compounds","volume":"170","author":"Larese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-0226-z","article-title":"In vitro permeation of chromium species through porcine and human skin as determined by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-sector \ufb01eld mass spectrometry","volume":"384","author":"Van Lierde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-003-0455-4","article-title":"In vitro percutaneous absorption of cobalt","volume":"77","author":"Larese Filon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00608.x","article-title":"Contact sensitivity to standard series allergens in 1038 patients with contact dermatitis in Turkey","volume":"52","author":"Akyol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.00980.x","article-title":"Allergic contact sensitization in the general adult population: a population-based study from Northern Norway","volume":"56","author":"Dotterud","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01004.x","article-title":"Standard patch test results in patients with contact dermatitis in Israel: age and sex differences","volume":"56","author":"Freireich-Astman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0165","series-title":"Nickel and the Skin: Immunology and Toxicology","first-page":"109","article-title":"Epidemiology of nickel dermatitis","author":"Menn\u00e8","year":"1989"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00257-0","article-title":"Factors determining percutaneous metal absorption","volume":"41","author":"Host\u00fdnek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/000155501753279596","article-title":"In vitro permeation of nickel salts through human stratum corneum","volume":"S212","author":"Tanojo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01407.x","article-title":"Cobalt content of household cleaning products","volume":"16","author":"Vilaplana","year":"1987","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2003.00149.x","article-title":"Nickel, chromium and cobalt in consumer products: revisiting safe levels in the new millennium","volume":"49","author":"Basketter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0190","series-title":"An Introduction to Environmental Toxicology","author":"Dong","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(00)00290-3","article-title":"Determination of selenium, zinc and cadmium in antidandruff shampoos by atomic spectrometry after microwave assisted sample digestion","volume":"51","author":"Salvador","year":"2000","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-009-9867-5","article-title":"Heavy metal exposure from personal care products","volume":"84","author":"Ayenimo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1396-0296.2004.04035.x","article-title":"Copper hypersensitivity: dermatologic aspects","volume":"17","author":"Hostynek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2004.00271b.x","article-title":"Allergic contact stomatitis due to manganese in dental prosthesis","volume":"50","author":"Pardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2002.0561","article-title":"Increased lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in aceruloplasminemia brains","volume":"29","author":"Miyajima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Cells, Mol. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc4901_9","article-title":"High dietary iron and copper and the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study in Burgundy, France","volume":"49","author":"Senesse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"issue":"1975","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0225","article-title":"Scientific Opinion statement on tolerable weekly intake for cadmium","volume":"9","author":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0230","series-title":"Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 3rd Ed. Vol. 1 Recommendations","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0235","series-title":"Opinion of the Scienti\ufb01c Committee on Food on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Copper","author":"European Union (EU)","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0240","series-title":"New York: Conde\u00b4Net; C2003\u20132008","author":"Nutrition Data: [Internet]","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.17221\/132\/2009-CJFS","article-title":"Evaluation of mineral and heavy metal contents in Croatian blackberry wines","volume":"29","author":"Amid\u017ei\u0107 Klari\u0107","year":"2011","journal-title":"Czech J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0250","series-title":"Recommended Dietary Allowance","author":"National Research Council (NRC)","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014_bib0255","series-title":"Joint FAO\/WHO Food Standard Programme. Codex Committee on Contaminant in Foods 5th Session","author":"FAO\/WHO","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750018305699?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750018305699?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T15:49:51Z","timestamp":1762012191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214750018305699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2214750018305699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk of human exposure to metals in some household hygienic products in Nigeria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.08.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}