{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:04:51Z","timestamp":1794024291893,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":159,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007681","name":"Florida International University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1655388149000},"page":"1357-1368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Health effects and known pathology associated with the use of E-cigarettes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Esteban-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa D.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis D.","family":"Garbinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Manevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickensone","family":"Andre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Ceyhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Caobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Seng","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Ramelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florida","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Souchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Ales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazira","family":"El-Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051476","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: product characterisation and design considerations","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. E-cigarette, or vaping, products visual dictionary(accessed 2 Feb 2021). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/pdfs\/ecigarette-or-vaping-products-visual-dictionary-508.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult smoking cessation \u2013 The use of E-cigarettes. A summary of smoking cessation: a report of the surgeon general2020 (accessed 2 Feb 2021). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/data_statistics\/sgr\/2020-smoking-cessation\/fact-sheets\/pdfs\/adult-smoking-cessation-e-cigarettes-use-h.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3222","article-title":"Electronic nicotine delivery systems","volume":"136","author":"Walley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/128319","article-title":"E-cigarette use behaviors and device characteristics of daily exclusive e-cigarette users in Maryland: implications for product toxicity","volume":"18","author":"Aherrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"issue":"e1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib6","first-page":"e150","article-title":"Rapid proliferation of illegal pod-mod disposable e-cigarettes","volume":"29","author":"Delnevo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.18001\/TRS.6.1.4","article-title":"JUUL and combusted cigarettes comparably impair endothelial function","volume":"6","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tob. Regul. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.10.019","article-title":"Vaping: a growing global health concern","volume":"17","author":"Besaratinia","year":"2019","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib9","unstructured":"Euromonitor International. Smokless tobacco and vapour products2020 (accessed 2 Feb 2021). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.euromonitor.com\/smokeless-tobacco-and-vapour-products\u3009."},{"issue":"365","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use among U.S. adults, 2018","author":"Villarroel","year":"2020","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6806e1","article-title":"Vital signs: tobacco product use among middle and high school students - United States, 2011-2018","volume":"68","author":"Gentzke","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.11.003","article-title":"E-cigarette advertising expenditures in the U.S., 2011-2012","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib13","unstructured":"Truth Initiative. Vaporized:youth and young adult exposure to e-cigarette marketing.2015 (accessed 2 Feb 2021). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/truthinitiative.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media\/files\/2019\/03\/Vaporized-Youth-Exposure-To-E-Cigarette-Marketing.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6452a3","article-title":"Vital signs: exposure to electronic cigarette advertising among middle school and high school students - United States, 2014","volume":"64","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.03.003","article-title":"E-cigarette marketing exposure is associated with e-cigarette use among US youth","volume":"58","author":"Mantey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.18387","article-title":"e-cigarette use among youth in the United States, 2019","volume":"322","author":"Cullen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1910739","article-title":"Trends in adolescent vaping, 2017-2019","volume":"381","author":"Miech","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.20185","article-title":"Trends in reported Marijuana vaping among US adolescents, 2017-2019","volume":"323","author":"Miech","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.13802","article-title":"Flavored tobacco product use among US youth aged 12-17 Years, 2013-2014","volume":"314","author":"Ambrose","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu243","article-title":"E-cigarette use among high school and middle school adolescents in Connecticut","volume":"17","author":"Krishnan-Sarin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051743","article-title":"One of several \u2018toys\u2019 for smoking: young adult experiences with electronic cigarettes in New York City","volume":"24","author":"McDonald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911614","article-title":"Pulmonary illness related to e-cigarette use in Illinois and Wisconsin - Final Report","volume":"382","author":"Layden","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30415-1","article-title":"E-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI): case series and diagnostic approach","volume":"7","author":"Kalininskiy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib24","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and prevention. Outbreak of lung injury associated with E-cigarette use, or vaping2020 (accessed 3 Feb 2021). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/basic_information\/e-cigarettes\/severe-lung-disease.html\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02317-8","article-title":"E-cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk","volume":"7","author":"Canistro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0901-2","article-title":"Regulation of Sox2 and stemness by nicotine and electronic-cigarettes in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"17","author":"Schaal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.06.006","article-title":"Offsetting the impact of smoking and e-cigarette vaping on the cerebrovascular system and stroke injury: is Metformin a viable countermeasure","volume":"13","author":"Kaisar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.10.002","article-title":"Adverse experience reports of seizures in youth and young adult electronic nicotine delivery systems users","volume":"66","author":"Faulcon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/15684","article-title":"Health effects associated with electronic cigarette use: automated mining of online forums","volume":"22","author":"Hua","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X18779694","article-title":"E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness: a randomized, double-blinded pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Franzen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.476","article-title":"Modeling cardiovascular risks of E-cigarettes with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110404356","article-title":"Characteristics, perceived side effects and benefits of electronic cigarette use: a worldwide survey of more than 19,000 consumers","volume":"11","author":"Farsalinos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib33","article-title":"A randomised, parallel group study to evaluate the safety profile of an electronic vapour product over 12 weeks","volume":"81","author":"Cravo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib34","first-page":"55","article-title":"Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults","volume":"91","author":"Jeong","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211024391","article-title":"Electronic cigarette use is not associated with COVID-19 diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Jose","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prim. Care Community Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160268","article-title":"Lung function and respiratory symptoms in a randomized smoking cessation trial of electronic cigarettes","volume":"130","author":"Cibella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1808779","article-title":"A randomized trial of E-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy","volume":"380","author":"Hajek","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"114","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib38","first-page":"99","article-title":"Persisting long term benefits of smoking abstinence and reduction in asthmatic smokers who have switched to electronic cigarettes","volume":"21","author":"Polosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Discov. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.10.041","article-title":"Pulmonary and other health effects of electronic cigarette use among adult smokers participating in a randomized controlled smoking reduction trial","volume":"91","author":"Veldheer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.05.002","article-title":"Measurement of cardiovascular and pulmonary function endpoints and other physiological effects following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes in adult smokers","volume":"87","author":"D\u2019Ruiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.12.010","article-title":"Evaluation of the safety profile of an electronic vapour product used for two years by smokers in a real-life setting","volume":"92","author":"Walele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.27207","article-title":"Use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation","volume":"325","author":"Lanspa","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305106","article-title":"Financial conflicts of interest and stance on tobacco harm reduction: a systematic review","volume":"109","author":"Hendlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.12.011","article-title":"A conflict of interest is strongly associated with tobacco industry-favourable results, indicating no harm of e-cigarettes","volume":"119","author":"Pisinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12775","article-title":"Organizing pneumonia related to electronic cigarette use: a case report and review of literature","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Respir. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13346","article-title":"E-cigarette users are associated with asthma disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Xian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01815-2019","article-title":"E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies","volume":"57","author":"Wills","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-020-00952-2","article-title":"Current E-cigarette research in the context of asthma","volume":"20","author":"Hickman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1916433","article-title":"Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI","volume":"382","author":"Blount","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7553","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003384117","article-title":"Toxic ketene gas forms on vaping vitamin E acetate prompting interest in its possible role in the EVALI outbreak","volume":"117","author":"Strongin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib51","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Volume 3 - Part 172. Revised as of May 28, 2020(accessed 3 Feb 2021). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/cgi-bin\/text-idx?SID=11d1b7724a191200c67a85132474aaed&mc=true&tpl=\/ecfrbrowse\/Title21\/21tab_02.tpl\u3009."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482","article-title":"Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes","volume":"23","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128531","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine","volume":"129","author":"Madison","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1912038","article-title":"Pulmonary lipid-laden macrophages and vaping","volume":"381","author":"Maddock","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-224350","article-title":"Respiratory failure caused by lipoid pneumonia from vaping e-cigarettes","volume":"2018","author":"Viswam","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01592-2017","article-title":"E-cigarette vapour enhances pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelial cells","volume":"51","author":"Miyashita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib57","article-title":"Vaping associated pulmonary injury (VAPI) with superimposed mycoplasma pneumoniae infection","volume":"29","author":"Kooragayalu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Case. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr3421w","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a potentially severe infection","volume":"10","author":"Bajantri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med. Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.14830","article-title":"Flavorings in electronic cigarettes: an unrecognized respiratory health hazard?","volume":"312","author":"Barrington-Trimis","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00141514","article-title":"The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory lung disease","volume":"45","author":"Hiemstra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib61","article-title":"Airway epithelial differentiation and mucociliary clearance","volume":"15","author":"Whitsett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0432OC","article-title":"Vaporized E-cigarette liquids induce ion transport dysfunction in airway epithelia","volume":"61","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-208039","article-title":"Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner","volume":"71","author":"Garcia-Arcos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/aivt.2016.0040","article-title":"In vitro systems toxicology assessment of nonflavored e-cigarette liquids in primary lung epithelial cells","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. In Vitro Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00492.2018","article-title":"Fourth generation e-cigarette vaping induces transient lung inflammation and gas exchange disturbances: results from two randomized clinical trials","volume":"316","author":"Chaumont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib66","article-title":"E-cigarettes induce toxicity comparable to tobacco cigarettes in airway epithelium from patients with COPD","volume":"75","author":"O\u2019Farrell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw166","article-title":"E-cigarette aerosol exposure induces reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and cell death in vascular endothelial cells","volume":"154","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.10.057","article-title":"Assessment of reactive oxygen species generated by electronic cigarettes using acellular and cellular approaches","volume":"344","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116732","article-title":"Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung","volume":"10","author":"Lerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00110.2019","article-title":"Acute exposure to e-cigarettes causes inflammation and pulmonary endothelial oxidative stress in nonsmoking, healthy young subjects","volume":"317","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101443","article-title":"Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases","volume":"33","author":"Manevski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01205","article-title":"Mechanisms of virus-induced airway immunity dysfunction in the pathogenesis of COPD disease, progression, and exacerbation","volume":"11","author":"Guo-Parke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00045.2019","article-title":"E-cigarette use increases susceptibility to bacterial infection by impairment of human neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NET formation","volume":"318","author":"Corriden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"issue":"5663","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.105","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease","volume":"18","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00452.2016","article-title":"Flavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function","volume":"313","author":"Clapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L135","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00170.2016","article-title":"E-cigarette use results in suppression of immune and inflammatory-response genes in nasal epithelial cells similar to cigarette smoke","volume":"311","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201708-1590OC","article-title":"E-cigarette use causes a unique innate immune response in the lung, involving increased neutrophilic activation and altered mucin secretion","volume":"197","author":"Reidel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0346","article-title":"E-cigarettes and cancer risk","volume":"13","author":"Mravec","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-019-0735-y","article-title":"Dual cigarette and e-cigarette use in cancer survivors: an analysis using population assessment of tobacco health (PATH) data","volume":"13","author":"Symes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Surviv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.6858","article-title":"Trends in smoking and e-cigarette use among US patients with cancer, 2014-2017","volume":"5","author":"Sanford","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2015.10.018","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes induce DNA strand breaks and cell death independently of nicotine in cell lines","volume":"52","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.14.1194","article-title":"Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer","volume":"91","author":"Hecht","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.03.035","article-title":"Determination of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in replacement liquids of electronic cigarettes by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1291","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1560","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718185115","article-title":"E-cigarette smoke damages DNA and reduces repair activity in mouse lung, heart, and bladder as well as in human lung and bladder cells","volume":"115","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevOncog.v18.i1-2.40","article-title":"On the origin of cancer metastasis","volume":"18","author":"Seyfried","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.06.010","article-title":"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of A549 lung cancer cells exposed to electronic cigarettes","volume":"122","author":"Zahedi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10486","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2395","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induce c-Kit ligand\/stem cell factor and promote stemness in an ARRB1\/ \u03b2-arrestin-1 dependent manner in NSCLC","volume":"5","author":"Perumal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.09.003","article-title":"A cancer that went up in smoke: pulmonary reaction to e-cigarettes imitating metastatic cancer","volume":"149","author":"Ring Madsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32832c713e","article-title":"Antidepressant-like effects of nicotine and mecamylamine in the mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests: role of strain, test and sex","volume":"20","author":"Andreasen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270492","article-title":"Nicotine and the adolescent brain","volume":"593","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172809","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects of selected tobacco constituents in rodents following subchronic administration","volume":"865","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib93","unstructured":"Michael Felberbaum. FDA In Brief: FDA encourages continued submission of reports related to seizures following e-cigarette use as part of agency\u2019s ongoing scientific investigation of potential safety issue2019 (accessed 4 Feb 2021). Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/fda-brief\/fda-brief-fda-encourages-continued-submission-reports-related-seizures-following-e-cigarette-use\u3009."},{"issue":"15 Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.94.15_supplement.1814","article-title":"Vaping and seizure risk: a case report","volume":"94","author":"Quezada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15 Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.94.15_supplement.1809","article-title":"E-cigarette use (Vaping) causes seizures on EEG detected by responsive neurstimulation: evidence from electrocorticography","volume":"94","author":"Oster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib96","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cigarette smoking during pregnancy: United States, 2016","volume":"305","author":"Drake","year":"2018","journal-title":"NHCS Data Brief"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2257-9","article-title":"Prevalence and perceptions of electronic cigarette use during pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Wagner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Matern. Child Health J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.8b00084","article-title":"Maternal E-cigarette exposure results in cognitive and epigenetic alterations in offspring in a mouse model","volume":"31","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz194","article-title":"Neurological effects in the offspring after switching from tobacco cigarettes to e-cigarettes during pregnancy in a mouse model","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7124111","article-title":"Pathophysiological impact of cigarette smoke exposure on the cerebrovascular system with a focus on the blood-brain barrier: expanding the awareness of smoking toxicity in an underappreciated area","volume":"7","author":"Mazzone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.02.007","article-title":"Role of Nrf2 and protective effects of Metformin against tobacco smoke-induced cerebrovascular toxicity","volume":"12","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1518","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00928.2010","article-title":"Nicotine aggravates the brain postischemic inflammatory response","volume":"300","author":"Bradford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.157776","article-title":"Nicotine exacerbates brain edema during in vitro and in vivo focal ischemic conditions","volume":"332","author":"Paulson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American heart association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-019-0777-7","article-title":"E-cigarettes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: what clinicians and researchers need to know","volume":"21","author":"Darville","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006353","article-title":"Impact of electronic cigarettes on the cardiovascular system","volume":"6","author":"Qasim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr316","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: effective nicotine delivery after acute administration","volume":"15","author":"Vansickel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob. Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.569","article-title":"Electronic cigarette smoking increases aortic stiffness and blood pressure in young smokers","volume":"67","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib109","first-page":"124","article-title":"Endothelial cell inflammatory reactions are altered in the presence of e-cigarette extracts of variable nicotine","volume":"10","author":"Barber","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157337","article-title":"Vapours of US and EU market leader electronic cigarette brands and liquids are cytotoxic for human vascular endothelial cells","volume":"11","author":"Putzhammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2016.1158403","article-title":"Platelet activation, adhesion, inflammation, and aggregation potential are altered in the presence of electronic cigarette extracts of variable nicotine concentrations","volume":"27","author":"Hom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40847-5","article-title":"The effect of electronic-cigarette vaping on cardiac function and angiogenesis in mice","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib113","first-page":"2472","article-title":"Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2)","author":"Kuntic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2020.104573","article-title":"Adverse effects of fetal exposure of electronic-cigarettes and high-fat diet on male neonatal hearts","volume":"118","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib115","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health 2016."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2020.1713726","article-title":"The oral health impact of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.38.2.12","article-title":"Nicotine blood levels and short-term smoking reduction with an electronic nicotine delivery system","volume":"38","author":"Nides","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-231","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: a survey of users","volume":"10","author":"Etter","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.031567","article-title":"Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e cigarette) on desire to smoke and withdrawal, user preferences and nicotine delivery: randomised cross-over trial","volume":"19","author":"Bullen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tob. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.030","article-title":"Adverse symptoms users attribute to e-cigarettes: results from a national survey of US adults","volume":"196","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1510503","article-title":"An epidemiologic and clinical description of e-cigarette toxicity","volume":"57","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2015.1077947","article-title":"Views of experienced electronic cigarette users","volume":"24","author":"Baweja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addict. Res. Theory"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180506","article-title":"The association between electronic-cigarette use and self-reported oral symptoms including cracked or broken teeth and tongue and\/or inside-cheek pain among adolescents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187399","article-title":"Relationship between spending on electronic cigarettes, 30-day use, and disease symptoms among current adult cigarette smokers in the U.S","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.06.003","article-title":"Lichenoid eruption associated with use of an e-cigarette","volume":"54","author":"Bartram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2017.150","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: necrotic ulcer","volume":"222","author":"Cant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2017.1406613","article-title":"Oral mucosal lesions in electronic cigarettes consumers versus former smokers","volume":"76","author":"Bardellini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3326-0","article-title":"Analysis of symptoms and their potential associations with e-liquids\u2019 components: a social media study","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib129","unstructured":"Tongyao F, Mondal P, Foulds J, Du P. (2018). Flavor use in a large cohort of long-term electronic cigarette users: implications for future pulmonary research. D22 Cutting edge research in smoking cessation and e-cigarettes. p. A6244-A6244."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib130","unstructured":"Volansky, P.M., Endara-Bravo, A.S., (2015). Acute uvulitis secondary to electronic cigarette use. A40 a hard day's night: drug induced lung disease. p. A1556-A1556."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0045","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine levels and peri-implant parameters among cigarette smokers, individuals vaping electronic cigarettes, and non-smokers","volume":"90","author":"ArRejaie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12597","article-title":"Peri-implant parameters, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta levels in vaping individuals","volume":"20","author":"Al-Aali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.914","article-title":"A pilot study of the gingival response when smokers switch from smoking to vaping","volume":"221","author":"Wadia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.12.004","article-title":"Tobacco-use patterns and self-reported oral health outcomes: a cross-sectional assessment of the population assessment of tobacco and health study, 2013-2014","volume":"150","author":"Vora","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750022001421?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750022001421?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:54:22Z","timestamp":1793393662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214750022001421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":134,"alternative-id":["S2214750022001421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Health effects and known pathology associated with the use of E-cigarettes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}