{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:23:30Z","timestamp":1783423410431,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:39:08Z","timestamp":1740011948000},"page":"101964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of fluoride on thyroid function and histopathology in cyprinus carpio: Implications for aquatic ecosystems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jai","family":"Sankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesudass","family":"Thangam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivaprakasham","family":"Umamaheswari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmugam","family":"Kowsalya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.M.","family":"Syed Ali Fathima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raman","family":"Sathyavathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenin","family":"Suvetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekambaram","family":"Gayathiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palanisamy","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankaranarayanan","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.104044","article-title":"Fluoride exposure causes behavioral, molecular and physiological changes in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and their offspring","volume":"97","author":"Karaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2020.125481","article-title":"A deep convolutional neural network model for rapid prediction of fluvial flood inundation","volume":"590","author":"Kabir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0398-2","article-title":"Surface passivation of perovskite film for efficient solar cells","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.12.013","article-title":"Biosorption of arsenic from aqueous solution using agricultural residue \u2018rice polish","volume":"166","author":"Ranjan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib5","first-page":"944","article-title":"The effects of Medicaid expansion under the ACA","volume":"37","author":"Guth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Update Find. a Lit. Rev. Kais. Fam. Found."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Feng, J., Meng, Y., Han, Q., Wu, F. and Li, J., 2019. A unified MRC framework for named entity recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.11476.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.519"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.06.045","article-title":"Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: a comprehensive review","volume":"182","author":"Yadav","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03113-w","article-title":"Impact of chronic sodium fluoride toxicity on antioxidant capacity, biochemical parameters, and histomorphology in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues of wistar rats","volume":"201","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(02)00498-8","article-title":"Fluoride toxicity to aquatic organisms: a review","volume":"50","author":"Camargo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib10","first-page":"623","article-title":"Sublethal effects of fluoride on endocrine disruption in fish: a review","volume":"24","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-017-0624-9","article-title":"High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a growing concern: a school based cross-sectional study from Southern India","volume":"22","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 22","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4005","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.010462","article-title":"Comparative thyroidology: thyroid gland location and iodothyronine dynamics in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L","volume":"210","author":"Geven","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00214","article-title":"Influence of iodine-deficiency on thyroid hormones homeostasis in rats","volume":"35","author":"Minato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2017.03.006","article-title":"Iodide handling disorders (nis, tpo, tg, iyd)","volume":"31","author":"Targovnik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.059","article-title":"Advances in Na+\u2009\/I\u2212 symporter (NIS) research in the thyroid and beyond","volume":"213","author":"Doh\u00e1n","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.03.058","article-title":"Determination of total thyroxine in human serum by hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"126","author":"Yong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.12.010","article-title":"Fluoride caused thyroid endocrine disruption in male zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"171","author":"Jianjie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib18","first-page":"231","article-title":"Fluoride and thyroid hormone dynamics in aquatic organisms","volume":"168","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib19","series-title":"In: StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. [Updated 2023 Apr 23]","author":"Alhajj","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101228","article-title":"The thyroid hormone activating enzyme, type 2 deiodinase, induces myogenic differentiation by regulating mitochondrial metabolism and reducing oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Sagliocchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.05.055","article-title":"Larval exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of triclosan impairs metamorphosis and reproductive fitness in zebrafish","volume":"87","author":"Stenzel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.08.102","article-title":"Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate on growth and transcription of genes involved in the GH\/IGF and HPT axes in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"212","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2005.03.007","article-title":"Effects of an androgenic growth promoter 17\u03b2-trenbolone on masculinization of Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis affinis)","volume":"143","author":"Sone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3390\/ecologies3020016","article-title":"The environmental and health impacts of steroids and hormones in wastewater effluent, as well as existing removal technologies: a review","volume":"3","author":"Yazdan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib25","first-page":"24","article-title":"Impact of environmental pollutants on the thyroid function in fish","volume":"212","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib26","first-page":"113","article-title":"Fluoride contamination and its effects on aquatic species: a review","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"a review Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.01.007","article-title":"Aqueous exposure to the progestin, levonorgestrel, alters anal fin development and reproductive behavior in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)","volume":"234","author":"Frankel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib28","series-title":"In The fish oocyte: from basic studies to biotechnological applications","first-page":"255","article-title":"Ecotoxicological effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on fish reproduction","author":"Denslow","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.09.019","article-title":"Exposure to an agricultural contaminant, 17\u03b2-trenbolone, impairs female mate choice in a freshwater fish","volume":"170","author":"Tomkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2024.107472","article-title":"A systematic review on assessment of heavy metals toxicity in freshwater fish species: current scenario and remedial approaches","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geochem. Explor."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45736-8","article-title":"Global freshwater fish invasion linked to the presence of closely related species","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2023.2192807","article-title":"Antioxidant enzyme activities, molecular docking studies, MM-GBSA, and molecular dynamic of chlorpyrifos in freshwater fish Capoeta umbla","volume":"42","author":"Taysi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169108","article-title":"Global regionalized characterization factors for phosphorus and nitrogen impacts on freshwater fish biodiversity","volume":"912","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.124400","article-title":"Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of fish physiological response to freshwater salinization: a comparative multi-tissue transcriptomic study in a river polluted by potash mining","author":"Escobar-Sierra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.2936","article-title":"Microgeographic variation in demography and thermal regimes stabilize regional abundance of a widespread freshwater fish","volume":"34","author":"Gallagher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(02)00022-9","article-title":"The effects of thyroxine or a GnRH analogue on thyroid hormone deiodination in the olfactory epithelium and retina of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka","volume":"127","author":"Plate","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib37","first-page":"11","article-title":"Oogenesis and spermatogenesis of the common sole, Solea solea, from the Mediterranean Sea, Abu Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt: biological, histological and ultrastructural approaches","volume":"11","author":"Assem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Aquacult. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib38","first-page":"34","article-title":"Endocrine-disrupting effects of fluoride on thyroid hormones in freshwater fish","volume":"60","author":"Nouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib39","first-page":"110","article-title":"Effects of fluoride on thyroid function and histopathology of Carassius auratus (goldfish) exposed to various fluoride concentrations","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib40","first-page":"986","article-title":"Sublethal fluoride exposure causes thyroid disruption and immune suppression in Oryzias latipes","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejar.2024.07.004","article-title":"Biological and ecological characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) in Kapchagay Reservoir, Kazakhstan","volume":"50","author":"Barakov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib42","series-title":"Introduced species fact sheets","author":"FAO","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib43","first-page":"548","article-title":"Environmental fluoride contamination and its effects on aquatic life: a comprehensive review","volume":"124","author":"Waugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib44","first-page":"1120","article-title":"Sublethal effects of fluoride on thyroid function and histopathology in Perca fluviatilis (European perch)","volume":"39","author":"Mingoia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib45","first-page":"2047","article-title":"Comparison of Clinical Effectiveness of Deslorelin Acetate and Osaterone Acetate in Dogs with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"10","author":"Ni\u017ca\u0144ski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2020-0020","article-title":"Analysis of Correlations Between Selected Blood Markers of Liver Function and Milk Composition in Cows During Late Lactation Period","volume":"20","author":"Mordak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964_fur1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-3915-z","article-title":"Histological and transcriptomic effects of 17\u03b1-methyltestosterone on zebrafish gonad development","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Genom."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750025000824?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750025000824?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:44:48Z","timestamp":1750207488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214750025000824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S2214750025000824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of fluoride on thyroid function and histopathology in cyprinus carpio: Implications for aquatic ecosystems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.101964","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101964"}}