{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:27:33Z","timestamp":1786537653719,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T07:50:38Z","timestamp":1766476238000},"page":"102194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A meta-analysis on particulate matter-associated heavy metals in rural air: Concentration, seasonal variability, and pollution sources"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Majid","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrouz","family":"Beiranvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-025-00344-y","article-title":"Characteristics, sources, exposure, and health effects of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Pollut. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib2","article-title":"The level, source, and health outcome of PM2.5 exposure in Southwest Iran","volume":"13","author":"Kamarehei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib3","article-title":"Short-term and long-term exposure to particles and their consequences in Poldokhtar City (Iran)","volume":"13","author":"Kamarehei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahery N., Zarea K., Cheraghi M., Hatamzadeh N., Farhadi M., Dobaradaran S., Mohammadi M.J.. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and air pollution: a review. 2021.","DOI":"10.5812\/jjcdc.110273"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib5","series-title":"Ebook: Transport, environment and society","author":"Cahill","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib6","article-title":"Environmental impact: concept, consequences, measurement","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ref. Modul. life Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701402382","article-title":"The health impact of common inorganic components of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) in ambient air: a critical review","volume":"19","author":"Schlesinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52272-6.00694-2","article-title":"Air pollution from solid fuels","volume":"1","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Encycl. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143733","article-title":"Refined spatio-temporal emission assessment of Hg, As, Cd, Cr and Pb from Chinese coal-fired industrial boilers","volume":"757","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12091086","article-title":"The role of fossil fuel combustion metals in PM2. 5 air pollution health associations","volume":"12","author":"Maciejczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.06.226","article-title":"Emission control priority of PM2. 5-bound heavy metals in different seasons: a comprehensive analysis from health risk perspective","volume":"644","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-023-00590-9","article-title":"Quantifying the health risks of PM2. 5-bound heavy metals for rural populations with different energy use types during the heating season","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expo. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112167","article-title":"Source-specific health risk assessment of PM2. 5-bound heavy metals based on high time-resolved measurement in a Chinese megacity: insights into seasonal and diurnal variations","volume":"216","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.3390\/su10051566","article-title":"Relationship between rural built environment and household vehicle ownership: an empirical analysis in rural Sichuan, China","volume":"10","author":"Ao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos9020046","article-title":"Sources and health risks of heavy metals in PM2. 5 in a campus in a typical suburb area of Taiyuan, North China","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00104J","article-title":"Compound health risk assessment of cumulative heavy metal exposure: a case study of a village near a battery factory in Henan Province, China","volume":"22","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Processes Impacts"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2010.10.0089","article-title":"Seasonal variation and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric aerosols in a residential area of Ulsan, Korea","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1080\/15320380903085691","article-title":"Comparison of source identification of metals in road-dust and soil","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Sediment Contam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.04.056","article-title":"Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2. 5 in Nanjing, China","volume":"57","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.05.147","article-title":"Source of atmospheric heavy metals in winter in Foshan, China","volume":"493","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.123","article-title":"Temporal-spatial characteristics and source apportionment of PM2. 5 as well as its associated chemical species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China","volume":"233","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.10.070","article-title":"Contamination characteristics and possible sources of PM10 and PM2. 5 in different functional areas of Shanghai, China","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00648-4","article-title":"Characterization of particulate, metallic elements of TSP, PM2. 5 and PM2. 5-10 aerosols at a farm sampling site in Taiwan, Taichung","volume":"308","author":"Fang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begum B.A., Kim E., Biswas S.K., Hopke P.K. Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and semi-urban areas in Bangladesh. Atmospheric Environment. 2004;38(19):3025-338.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.02.042"}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750025003130?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750025003130?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:28:11Z","timestamp":1786534091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214750025003130"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S2214750025003130"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A meta-analysis on particulate matter-associated heavy metals in rural air: Concentration, seasonal variability, and pollution sources","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102194","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102194"}}