{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:27:46Z","timestamp":1786537666937,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:02:48Z","timestamp":1779897768000},"page":"102280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Protective role of methylcobalamin (Vit B12) and pyridoxine (Vit B6) combination against teratogenic effects induced by lead in chick embryo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rabia","family":"Idrees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6395-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syeda Nadia","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khawaja Raees","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waheed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazish","family":"Ghazanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iram","family":"Inayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moattar","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Suleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib1","author":"Farzana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioaccumulation Translocat. Heavy Met. Differ. Fruit. Plants Corresp. Health risk Assess."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib2","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Effects of aqueous cadmium and nickel Co-exposure on antioxidant defense mechanisms, histological changes and metal bioaccumulation in the brain and muscle of Tilapia fish","volume":"14","author":"Rashid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib3","first-page":"146","article-title":"Influence of lead and chromium loaded sewage waste water on physiological, biochemical and anatomical traits of different crops","volume":"20","author":"Saleem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Agrobiol. Rec."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2022.19.1.0107","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity of drinking water: a silent killer","volume":"19","author":"Dahiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17595","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA00723E","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment: efficient and low-cost removal approaches to eliminate their toxicity: a review","volume":"13","author":"Aziz","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2023.2165047","article-title":"Toxicity and bioremediation of the lead: a critical review","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279043","article-title":"Human health risk assessment of edible body parts of chicken through heavy metals and trace elements quantitative analysis","volume":"18","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plos. One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib8","article-title":"vitro and in vivo studies on mulberry extracts: evaluation of chemical and anticancer activities and attenuation of lead toxicity","volume":"4","author":"Ramis","year":"2018","journal-title":"cerebellum"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.46.345","article-title":"Mitochondrion: a sensitive target for Pb exposure","volume":"46","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3390\/jox15050146","article-title":"The mechanisms of lead toxicity in living organisms","volume":"15","author":"Generalova","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. xenobiotics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib11","first-page":"103","article-title":"Lead toxicity in livestock and poultry: illuminating the molecular pathomechanism, bioaccumulation and effective mitigation strategies","volume":"61","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian. J. Anim. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.21608\/bfstj.2024.327359.1018","article-title":"An Overview of Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity","volume":"2","author":"Elsweedy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biannu. Forensic Sci. Toxicol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119371199.ch32","article-title":"Toxins and poisons","author":"Fulton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Poult."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2022.111950","article-title":"Lead induced thymic immunosuppression in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) via oxidative stress-based T cell receptor pathway signaling inhibition","volume":"235","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib15","first-page":"101","article-title":"Heavy metals in poultry chicken and human health threat: A mini review","volume":"3","author":"Hoque","year":"2023","journal-title":"Middle East. Res. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2022.111001","article-title":"Immunotherapeutic and immunomodulatory potentials of antigen-antibody complex vaccines","volume":"170","author":"Naz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020243","article-title":"A review of the role of curcumin in metal induced toxicity","volume":"12","author":"Smirnova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib18","article-title":"Lead induced disorders of lipid metabolism and glycometabolism in the liver of developmental Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) via inhibiting PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"263","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compar Biochem. Physiol. Part. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9020023","article-title":"Cognitive impairment induced by lead exposure during lifespan: Mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Ortega","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.07.022","article-title":"The Immune Responses in Juvenile Rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii for the Stress by the Exposure to the Dietary Lead (II)","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101249","article-title":"Influences of lead exposure on its accumulation in organs, meat, eggs and bone during laying period of hens","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00232-8","article-title":"Lead nitrate induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages from rat lung","volume":"149","author":"Shabani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016547519763","article-title":"vitro lead-induced cell toxicity and cytoprotective activity of fetal calf serum in human fibroblasts","volume":"237","author":"Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-024-07646-9","article-title":"Combating lead (Pb) contamination: integrating biomonitoring, advanced detection, and remediation for environmental and public health","volume":"236","author":"Zafar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Air & Soil. Pollut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15874-7","article-title":"Patterns of global burden of 13 diseases attributable to lead exposure, 1990\u20132019","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib26","first-page":"265","article-title":"The effect of lead on plants in terms of growing and biochemical parameters: a review","volume":"3","author":"Nas","year":"2018","journal-title":"MOJ Ecol. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2007.08.003","article-title":"Response of lead-induced oxidative stress and alterations in biogenic amines in different rat brain regions to combined administration of DMSA and MiADMSA","volume":"170","author":"Flora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. -Biol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-011-0726-4","article-title":"Evaluation of genotoxic effects of lead in pottery-glaze workers using micronucleus assay, alkaline comet assay and DNA diffusion assay","volume":"85","author":"Ka\u0161uba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-011-0673-0","article-title":"Long-term lead elimination from plasma and whole blood after poisoning","volume":"85","author":"Rentschler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_sbref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71952","article-title":"Global Burden of Lead Exposure: Integrating Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Mitigation Approaches","volume":"9","author":"Bereda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_sbref31","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A review","volume":"7","author":"Collin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib31","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A review","volume":"7","author":"Collin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.8b00193","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular bases of lead-induced toxicity in mammalian systems and possible mitigations","volume":"31","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16020274","article-title":"Toxic effect of acute cadmium and lead exposure in rat blood, liver, and kidney","volume":"16","author":"Andjelkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib34","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure to lead on some organs","volume":"18","author":"Aktepe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Assistant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib35","series-title":"Lead Toxicity Mitigation: Sustainable Nexus Approaches","first-page":"35","article-title":"Lead Exposure and Poisoning in Livestock and Wildlife","author":"Shikha","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103669","article-title":"Vitamin B6 and diabetes: relationship and molecular mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"Mascolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.1.20","article-title":"Overt vitamin B-6 deficiency affects rat pancreatic digestive enzyme and glutathione reductase activities","volume":"125","author":"Dubick","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib38","first-page":"109","article-title":"Effect of pyridoxine injection in Japanese Quail eggs on hatchability, performance and some of physiological parameters","volume":"472","author":"Elsayed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Isot. Rad. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib39","article-title":"Effect of Pyridoxine in Ovo Injection in Broiler Hatching Eggs on Some Physiological Parameters","volume":"1371","author":"Alewi","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib40","first-page":"1076","article-title":"Potential benefits of methylcobalamin: A review","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Austin J. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2862","DOI":"10.36740\/WLek202211224","article-title":"Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Disease _ A Current Review","volume":"75","author":"Gospodarczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wiadomosci. Lek."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04416-x","article-title":"Increased serum homocysteine in first episode and drug-na\u00efve individuals with schizophrenia: sex differences and correlations with clinical symptoms","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-03045-6","article-title":"Relationship between plasma homocysteine and chronic kidney disease in US patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib44","first-page":"1","article-title":"The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C genetic polymorphisms and plasma homocysteine in Alzheimer\u2019s disease in an Algerian population","author":"Bouguerra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2649","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00548.2005","article-title":"Mechanisms of homocysteine-induced oxidative stress","volume":"289","author":"Tyagi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.034","article-title":"Vitamin B12 protects against superoxide-induced cell injury in human aortic endothelial cells","volume":"51","author":"Moreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109480","article-title":"Functional regulation of microglia by vitamin B12 alleviates ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation in mice","volume":"27","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107915","article-title":"Protective effects of lamotrigine and vitamin B12 on pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptogenesis in rats","volume":"118","author":"Filiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010390","article-title":"Valproic acid in pregnancy revisited: neurobehavioral, biochemical and molecular changes affecting the embryo and fetus in humans and in animals: a narrative review","volume":"25","author":"Ornoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EM00526K","article-title":"A global review of long-range transported lead concentration and isotopic ratio records in snow and ice","author":"Brooks","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Science Processes & Impacts"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10662","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910662","article-title":"Potential Teratogenicity Effects of Metals on Avian Embryos","volume":"25","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108641","article-title":"Environmental exposure to low-level lead (Pb) co-occurring with other neurotoxicants in early life and neurodevelopment of children","volume":"177","author":"D\u00f3rea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4588","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-4037-0","article-title":"The potential modulatory role of herbal additives against Cd toxicity in human, animal, and poultry: A review","volume":"26","author":"Khafaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3784","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC06711F","article-title":"Realizing ultrahigh recoverable energy density and superior charge\u2013discharge performance in NaNbO 3-based lead-free ceramics via a local random field strategy","volume":"8","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2021.106948","article-title":"Lead exposure affects cephalic morphogenesis and neural crest cells in Gallus gallus embryo","volume":"84","author":"da Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2024.153984","article-title":"Unraveling the enigma of cardiac damage caused by lead: Understanding the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and other multifactorial mechanisms","volume":"509","author":"Rajpoot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.114829","article-title":"Lead exposure estimation through a physiologically based toxicokinetic model using human biomonitoring data and comparison with scenario-based exposure assessment: A case study in Korean adults","volume":"191","author":"Kwon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5414\/TE500038","article-title":"The influence of the biometals Cu, Fe, and Zn and the toxic metals Cd and Pb on human health and disease","volume":"40","author":"Leal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trace Elem. Electrolytes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/poultry2020019","article-title":"Mitigating the adverse effects of lead and cadmium heavy metals-induced oxidative stress by phytogenic compounds in poultry","volume":"2","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poultry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2014.10.026","article-title":"Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of lead in the Danio rerio body","volume":"158","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib61","first-page":"14","article-title":"Utero Exposure to Lead is Associated with Neural Tube Defects via Disturbing the Expression of Endocannabinoid Retrograde Signaling-Related Genes","volume":"1","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expo. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(02)00007-4","article-title":"Lead alters parathyroid hormone-related peptide and transforming growth factor-\u03b21 effects and AP-1 and NF-\u03baKB signaling in chondrocytes","volume":"20","author":"Zuscik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.06.103","article-title":"Effects of lead shot ingestion on bone mineralization in a population of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa)","volume":"466","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Lloret","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.09.015","article-title":"Long-term effects of lead poisoning on bone mineralization in vultures exposed to ammunition sources","volume":"157","author":"Gangoso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TX00340H","article-title":"The effects of lead on the development of somites in chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus) under in vitro conditions: a histological study","volume":"8","author":"Amini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.06.026","article-title":"Teratogenic effects of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid on chick embryos (Gallus gallus domesticus)","volume":"118","author":"Salvaggio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib67","first-page":"283","article-title":"Crosstalk between vitamin B and immunity","volume":"29","author":"Spinas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2022.114175","article-title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of vitamins in COVID-19 therapy","volume":"232","author":"Pisoschi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2416","article-title":"Protective Role of Vitamin B6 Against Teratogenic Effects Induced by Lead in Chick Embryo","volume":"116","author":"Ahmad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030313","article-title":"The Significant Enhancing Effect of Vitamin B6-Fortified Feed on the Intestinal Digestive Efficiency, Immunity, and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-019-09844-0","article-title":"Effect of in ovo feeding of the vitamin b 12 on hatchability, performance and blood constitutes in broiler chicken","volume":"26","author":"Teymouri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Katcha, M.I., Soltan, M.A., El-Naggar, K., El-Shobokshy, S.A., & El-Erian, M.A. (2019). Laying performance, fat digestibility and liver condition of laying hens supplemented with vitamin B12 or biotin and\/or bile acids in diet.","DOI":"10.26873\/SVR-773-2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35789","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-16447-x","article-title":"Ameliorative potentials of Methylcobalamin Vit B12 against teratogenic effects induced by lead in chick embryo","volume":"15","author":"Ghazanfar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib74","article-title":"Ameliorative potentials of methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) against teratogenic effects induced by oxyfluorfen in chick embryo","volume":"56","author":"Khalid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib75","article-title":"Studies on synergistic effects of lambda\u2013cyhalothrin and methylcobalamin (Vitamin B\u2081\u2082) on development of chick embryo","volume":"57","author":"Khalid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fluoride"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280_bib76","first-page":"491","article-title":"Effects of in ovo injection of vitamins B6 and B12 in fertile eggs subjected to ethanol stress on hatching traits, performance and visceral organs of broiler chicks reared under cold stress condition","volume":"8","author":"Momeneh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221475002600082X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221475002600082X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:29:15Z","timestamp":1786534155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221475002600082X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":77,"alternative-id":["S221475002600082X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protective role of methylcobalamin (Vit B12) and pyridoxine (Vit B6) combination against teratogenic effects induced by lead in chick embryo","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102280","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102280"}}