{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:40:39Z","timestamp":1786534839127,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:46:13Z","timestamp":1780501573000},"page":"102286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity evaluation and gut microbiota modulation of indigenous Lactobacillus helveticus strains from Indonesia in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hery","family":"Kristiana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medicia","family":"Kartawijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lita","family":"Tuentifiany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apriliana Wahyu","family":"Hartanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0461-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond R.","family":"Tjandrawinata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7418","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11450","article-title":"A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes","volume":"490","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2016.05.011","article-title":"How gut microbes talk to organs: The role of endocrine and nervous routes","volume":"5","author":"Cani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.06.013","article-title":"Targeting gut microbiota and metabolism as the major probiotic mechanism-An evidence-based review","volume":"138","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. & Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-023-01098-7","article-title":"Probiotics: friend or foe to the human immune system","volume":"47","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bull. Natl. Res. Cent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib5","article-title":"Probiotics fortify intestinal barrier function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib6","article-title":"Modulation of gut microbiota and immune system by probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13152386","article-title":"Probiotic functions in fermented foods: anti-viral, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer benefits","volume":"13","author":"Pyo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3679","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2830-2","article-title":"kappa-Casein as a source of short-chain bioactive peptides generated by Lactobacillus helveticus","volume":"54","author":"Skrzypczak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.04.013","article-title":"Lactobacillus helveticus: health effects, current applications, and future trends in dairy fermentation","volume":"136","author":"Chelladhurai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040776","article-title":"The probiotic properties and safety of limosilactobacillus mucosae NK41 and bifidobacterium longum NK46","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040831","article-title":"Evaluation of probiotic properties and safety of lactobacillus helveticus LH10 derived from vinegar through comprehensive analysis of genotype and phenotype","volume":"12","author":"Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5327\/fst.129522","article-title":"Characterization of in vitro antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus helveticus DLBSA201 and DLBSA202 against Escherichia coli 0157: H7","volume":"43","author":"Tjandrawinata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.02.003","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus induces a strain-specific and toll-like receptor 2-dependent enhancement of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier and protection against intestinal inflammation","volume":"191","author":"Al-Sadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159851","article-title":"Safety assessment of two new lactobacillus strains as probiotic for human using a rat model","volume":"11","author":"Shokryazdan","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s43141-022-00423-3","article-title":"Cholesterol-lowering effects and safety assessment of Lactobacillus spp. in vivo and in vitro testing for human use as probiotic from the dairy product in Egypt","volume":"20","author":"Fadl","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Genet. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1134\/S0003683822050179","article-title":"Lactobacilli: legal regulation and prospects for new generation drugs","volume":"58","author":"Yunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.21307\/pjm-2018-044","article-title":"Are probiotic really safe for humans?","volume":"67","author":"Zawistowska-Rojek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pol. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib18","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"Garber","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib19","series-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals","article-title":"Test No. 420: acute oral toxicity - fixed dose procedure","author":"OECD","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib20","series-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals","article-title":"Test No. 408: repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents","author":"OECD","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib21","article-title":"Safety evaluation of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 via oral toxicity tests in rats","volume":"2","author":"Arai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.10.027","article-title":"Safety evaluation of Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240","volume":"49","author":"Szabo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113329","article-title":"Food safety assessment and toxicity study of the synbiotic consortium SBD111","volume":"168","author":"Easson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib24","article-title":"Effect of Centrifugation Speed and Time on the Blood Chemistry Values of Healthy Individuals","volume":"32","author":"Lozano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vector Int. J. Emerg. Sci. Technol. Manag. (IJESTM)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib25","article-title":"Update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 12: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2020","volume":"18","author":"Hazards","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11040896","article-title":"Lactobacillus bacteremia and probiotics: a review","volume":"11","author":"Kullar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122620","article-title":"Probiotics: should all patients take them?","volume":"9","author":"Katkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9100301","article-title":"Safety assessment of lactobacillus helveticus KLDS1.8701 based on whole genome sequencing and oral toxicity studies","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2022.105235","article-title":"10% Body weight (gain) change as criterion for the maximum tolerated dose: a critical analysis","volume":"134","author":"van Berlo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.36547\/ae.2021.3.3.91-102","article-title":"Oral toxicity evaluation of probiotic strains isolated from Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] in Wistar rat models (in vivo)","volume":"3","author":"Divisekera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Ecotoxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9442-7","article-title":"Microencapsulated lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 showed no sign of acute or sub-chronic toxicity in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Fareez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102390","article-title":"Vivo toxicity assessment of the probiotic bacillus amyloliquefaciens HTI-19 isolated from stingless bee (heterotrigona itama) honey","volume":"15","author":"Zulkhairi Amin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2005.10.002","article-title":"Clinical chemistry and haematology historical data in control Sprague-Dawley rats from pre-clinical toxicity studies","volume":"57","author":"Petterino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60234-2","article-title":"Toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark in male Wistar rats","volume":"2","author":"Ashafa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib35","unstructured":"River, C. 1998. Baseline Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Values for Charles River Wistar Rats - (CRL:(WI)BR) as a Function of Sex and Age."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-021-02832-6","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus helveticus CD6 on serum lipid profile and indicators of liver function in high-fat diet fed Swiss albino mice","volume":"11","author":"Patil","year":"2021","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.825251","article-title":"vitro Evaluation of the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of lactobacillus isolates from various sources","volume":"13","author":"Tjandrawinata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib38","series-title":"International Pharmaceutical Product Registration","first-page":"352","article-title":"\"Nonclinical pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics","author":"Weaver","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.36062\/ijah.60.1.2021.58-65","article-title":"Sex-specific reference intervals for Wistar albino rats: hematology and clinical biochemistry","volume":"60","author":"Vigneshwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian. J. Anim. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06181-w","article-title":"Lactobacillus gasseri liver abscess and bacteremia: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Ramos-Coria","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004548","article-title":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with hypoganglionosis: case report and literature review","volume":"44","author":"Ukai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.13005\/bbra\/2269","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and macrophage activating activity of Lactobacillus fermentum DLBSA204 in response to respiratory infection in a cellular model","volume":"13","author":"Wulandari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Res. Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2023.101177","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus a cause of Gram-positive rods bacteremia after prophylactic probiotic consumption","volume":"54","author":"Zayet","year":"2023","journal-title":"New. Microbes New. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3844\/ajptsp.2019.38.47","article-title":"Safety assessment of indigenous probiotic strain lactobacillus plantarum dad-13 isolated from dadih using sprague dawley rats as a model","volume":"14","author":"Rahayu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750026000880?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750026000880?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T11:17:12Z","timestamp":1786533432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214750026000880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S2214750026000880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity evaluation and gut microbiota modulation of indigenous Lactobacillus helveticus strains from Indonesia in rats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102286","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102286"}}