{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T10:10:15Z","timestamp":1790331015917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R15ES026795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R15ES026795"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00ES016586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00ES016586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:49:38Z","timestamp":1782492578000},"page":"102304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mechanisms of obesogenic adipocyte signaling in mouse 3T3-L1 cells in response to plasma from C57BL\/6 mice exposed to traffic-generated emissions and high-fat diet."],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"U.","family":"Suwannasual","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041935","article-title":"Air Pollution Health Risk Assessment (AP-HRA), Principles and Applications","volume":"18","author":"Hassan Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib2","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Ambient (outdoor) air pollution, World Health Organization (2024). \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ambient\u3009-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health (accessed January 3, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-024-02072-0","article-title":"Associations between exposure to various air pollutants and risk of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Dai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes24036","article-title":"Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Obes. & Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19370-4","article-title":"The association between air pollution and obesity: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews","volume":"24","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.125912","article-title":"Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution correlated with overweight\/obesity in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional real-world study","volume":"387","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168589","article-title":"Association of air pollution exposure with overweight or obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta\u2013analysis","volume":"910","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib8","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Obesity and Overweight Fact sheet, Obesity and Overweight (2024). \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight\u3009 (accessed January 3, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Adult Obesity Prevalence Maps, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services (2023). \u3008https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/data-and-statistics\/adult-obesity-prevalence-maps.html\u3009 (accessed January 3, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.21170","article-title":"Prevalence of Extremely Severe Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction Among US Children and Adolescents","volume":"8","author":"M\u00fcnte","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.04.046","article-title":"Trends and Disparities in Cardiometabolic Health Among U.S. Adults, 1999-2018","volume":"80","author":"O\u2019Hearn","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6545a2","article-title":"Trends in Obesity Among Participants Aged 2\u20134 Years in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children \u2014 United States, 2000\u20132014","volume":"65","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.C. Koskinas, E.M. Van Craenenbroeck, C. Antoniades, M. Bl\u00fcher, T.M. Gorter, H. Hanssen, N. Marx, T.A. McDonagh, G. Mingrone, A. Rosengren, E.B. Prescott, the ESC Scientific Document Group, V. Aboyans, C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, J.C. Nielsen, E. Donal, W. D\u00f6hner, M. Ferrini, S. Halvorsen, C. Hassager, K. Huber, S. James, C. Leclercq, C. Linde, J.W. McEvoy, J. McMurray, B. Mihaylova, R. Mindham, S. Petersen, M. Piepoli, A. Rakisheva, X. Rossell\u00f3, P. Szyma\u0144ski, I. Uchmanowicz, C. Vrints, S. Windecker, A. Witkowski, K. Zeppenfeld, Obesity and cardiovascular disease: an ESC clinical consensus statement, European Heart Journal 45 (2024) 4063\u20134098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae508.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae508"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155999","article-title":"Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990\u20132021","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7684","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c09361","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 As a Potential Target for Adipogenesis Induced by Fine Particulate Matter in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes","volume":"57","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0060-4","article-title":"The major inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 and obesity","volume":"58","author":"Eder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281979","article-title":"Adipocyte function and the development of cardiometabolic disease","volume":"600","author":"Giroud","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319451","article-title":"Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance","volume":"112","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2023.0011","article-title":"Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Health","volume":"47","author":"An","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/35055575","article-title":"Adipose-selective targeting of the GLUT4 gene impairs insulin action in muscle and liver","volume":"409","author":"Abel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.12.008","article-title":"Adipocyte Dynamics and Reversible Metabolic Syndrome in Mice with an Inducible Adipocyte-Specific Deletion of the Insulin Receptor","volume":"25","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.04.001","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 and the global map of adipogenesis and beyond","volume":"25","author":"Lefterova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. & Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1955-5","article-title":"Macrophage function in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"469","author":"Lauterbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch. - Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69363-7","article-title":"PPARG (Pro12Ala) genetic variant and risk of T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Sarhangi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102116","article-title":"PPARG expression patterns and correlations in obesity","volume":"34","author":"Darwish","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. King Saud. Univ. - Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-20","article-title":"Ambient particulate air pollution induces oxidative stress and alterations of mitochondria and gene expression in brown and white adipose tissues","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2020.00010","article-title":"Air pollution and childhood obesity","volume":"63","author":"Seo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-022-02183-6","article-title":"White and brown adipose tissue functionality is impaired by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure","volume":"100","author":"Della Guardia","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2019.1634381","article-title":"The effects of ambient particulate matter on human adipose tissue","volume":"82","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00842-2","article-title":"Near-roadway air pollution, immune cells and adipokines among obese young adults","volume":"21","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.04.001","article-title":"Vehicle emissions-exposure alters expression of systemic and tissue-specific components of the renin-angiotensin system and promotes outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease and obesity in wild-type C57BL\/6 male mice","volume":"8","author":"Phipps","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2011.06.018","article-title":"On the local cardiac renin angiotensin system. Basic and clinical implications","volume":"32","author":"De Mello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S142","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801305","article-title":"Gene expression of angiotensinogen in adipose tissue of obese patients","volume":"24","author":"Giacchetti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.391","article-title":"Role of adipose tissue renin\u2013angiotensin system in metabolic and inflammatory diseases associated with obesity","volume":"79","author":"Yvan-Charvet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115094","article-title":"Histological features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease revealed in response to mixed vehicle emission exposure and consumption of a high-fat diet in wildtype C57Bl\/6 male mice","volume":"261","author":"Schneider","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201500047","article-title":"Microglial priming through the lung\u2014brain axis: the role of air pollution-induced circulating factors","volume":"30","author":"Mumaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-62","article-title":"Exposure to vehicle emissions results in altered blood brain barrier permeability and expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tight junction proteins in mice","volume":"10","author":"Oppenheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz121","article-title":"Mixed Vehicle Emissions Induces Angiotensin II and Cerebral Microvascular Angiotensin Receptor Expression in C57Bl\/6 Mice and Promotes Alterations in Integrity in a Blood-Brain Barrier Coculture Model","volume":"170","author":"Suwannasual","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201012-1967OC","article-title":"The Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Mediates Vascular Effects of Inhaled Vehicle Emissions","volume":"184","author":"Lund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.08.026","article-title":"Perilipins: Lipid droplet coat proteins adapted for tissue-specific energy storage and utilization, and lipid cytoprotection","volume":"96","author":"Sztalryd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.12.009","article-title":"Lactate homeostasis is maintained through regulation of glycolysis and lipolysis","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806409200","article-title":"Lactate Inhibits Lipolysis in Fat Cells through Activation of an Orphan G-protein-coupled Receptor, GPR81","volume":"284","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6","article-title":"Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015","volume":"389","author":"Cohen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib45","author":"Ritchie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Air Pollut. Air Pollut. Our Overv. Indoor Outdoor Air Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.05.081","article-title":"Air pollution and early deaths in the United States. Part I: Quantifying the impact of major sectors in 2005","volume":"79","author":"Caiazzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.104935","article-title":"Near-roadway air pollution exposure and altered fatty acid oxidation among adolescents and young adults \u2013 The interplay with obesity","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12995","article-title":"Traffic-related environmental factors and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1306841","article-title":"Air Pollution\u2013Mediated Susceptibility to Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Influence of CCR2 Pathways in Mice","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032053","article-title":"Angiotensin II-Induced Effects on Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Blood Flow and Lipolysis in Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects","volume":"89","author":"Goossens","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1122615","article-title":"Multi-omics reveals hypertrophy of adipose tissue and lipid metabolism disorder via mitochondria in young mice under real-ambient exposure to air pollution","volume":"14","author":"Si","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2009.263","article-title":"Adipose Tissue\u2013Specific Regulation of Angiotensinogen in Obese Humans and Mice: Impact of Nutritional Status and Adipocyte Hypertrophy","volume":"23","author":"Yasue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-042220-023633","article-title":"Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Pathophysiology","volume":"18","author":"Auger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13324-9","article-title":"Adipose cells and tissues soften with lipid accumulation while in diabetes adipose tissue stiffens","volume":"12","author":"Abuhattum","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153445","article-title":"Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity\u2014The Case of BBS Obesity","volume":"15","author":"Horwitz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24665","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.38.24665","article-title":"Overexpression of Perilipin A and B Blocks the Ability of Tumor Necrosis Factor \u03b1 to Increase Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes","volume":"273","author":"Souza","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6494","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101042998","article-title":"Perilipin ablation results in a lean mouse with aberrant adipocyte lipolysis, enhanced leptin production, and resistance to diet-induced obesity","volume":"98","author":"Tansey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1393-8","article-title":"Obesity-associated inflammation triggers an autophagy\u2013lysosomal response in adipocytes and causes degradation of perilipin 1","volume":"10","author":"Ju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu214","article-title":"Development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in perilipin-1 null mice with adipose tissue dysfunction","volume":"105","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.11.007","article-title":"Spontaneous development of hepatosteatosis in perilipin-1 null mice with adipose tissue dysfunction","volume":"1863","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Biology Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.024","article-title":"Spontaneous hypertension occurs with adipose tissue dysfunction in perilipin-1 null mice","volume":"1862","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvae005","article-title":"Perilipin 1: a systematic review on its functions on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis in mice and humans","volume":"120","author":"Desgrouas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(01)00206-9","article-title":"The role of PPAR\u03b3 in high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"16","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Complicat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80210-5","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 Mediates High-Fat Diet\u2013Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Insulin Resistance","volume":"4","author":"Kubota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01285","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 Transcription Deficiency Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Insulin Resistance in Mice","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.188409","article-title":"Bcr Kinase Activation by Angiotensin II Inhibits Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b3 Transcriptional Activity in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells","volume":"104","author":"Alexis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127955.36250.65","article-title":"Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Blockers Induce Peroxisome Proliferator\u2013Activated Receptor-\u03b3 Activity","volume":"109","author":"Schupp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00149.2012","article-title":"Angiotensin II type 2 receptor promotes adipocyte differentiation and restores adipocyte size in high-fat\/high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats","volume":"304","author":"Shum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-011-0295-8","article-title":"Human subcutaneous adipose tissue Glut 4 mRNA expression in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Kouidhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s42000-019-00130-8","article-title":"Decreased adipocyte glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and aquaglyceroporin-7 (AQP7) in adults with morbid obesity: possible early markers of metabolic dysfunction","volume":"18","author":"Mourelatou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hormones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115077","article-title":"Differential regulation of adipose tissue glucose transporters in genetic obesity (fatty rat). Selective increase in the adipose cell\/muscle glucose transporter (GLUT 4) expression","volume":"87","author":"Hainault","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1146","article-title":"Moderate GLUT4 Overexpression Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Fasting Triglyceridemia in High-Fat Diet\u2013Fed Transgenic Mice","volume":"62","author":"Atkinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E219","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00695.2006","article-title":"Suppression of PPAR-\u03b3 attenuates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by affecting both GLUT1 and GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","volume":"293","author":"Liao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. -Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.01.002","article-title":"Artepillin C, as a PPAR\u03b3 ligand, enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells","volume":"81","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4627","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26631","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3 activation mitigates glucocorticoid receptor-induced excessive lipolysis in adipocytes via homeostatic crosstalk","volume":"119","author":"Hasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010070","article-title":"Angiotensin II Inhibits Insulin-Stimulated GLUT4 Translocation and Akt Activation through Tyrosine Nitration-Dependent Mechanisms","volume":"5","author":"Csibi","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-021-09687-5","article-title":"Leptin as a key regulator of the adipose organ","volume":"23","author":"Pic\u00f3","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00007.2010","article-title":"Leptin and the Central Nervous System Control of Glucose Metabolism","volume":"91","author":"Morton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib79","series-title":"Body Mass Index - Overweight, Normal Weight, Underweight","article-title":"Leptin and Obesity: Understanding the Impact on Dyslipidemia","author":"Rangareddy","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00841","article-title":"Leptin Induces Proadipogenic and Proinflammatory Signaling in Adipocytes","volume":"10","author":"Palhinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.04.011","article-title":"Adiponectin, Leptin, and Fatty Acids in the Maintenance of Metabolic Homeostasis through Adipose Tissue Crosstalk","volume":"23","author":"Stern","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00841","article-title":"Leptin Induces Proadipogenic and Proinflammatory Signaling in Adipocytes","volume":"10","author":"Palhinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.016303","article-title":"Lactate fluxes mediated by the monocarboxylate transporter-1 are key determinants of the metabolic activity of beige adipocytes","volume":"296","author":"Lagarde","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5208","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32871-3","article-title":"Adipocyte-derived lactate is a signalling metabolite that potentiates adipose macrophage inflammation via targeting PHD2","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7342","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137342","article-title":"Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications","volume":"25","author":"Koceva","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304_bib86","author":"Suwannasual","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mech. obesogenic adipocyte Signal. mouse 3T3-L1 Cells Response Plasma C57BL\/6 mice Expo. Traffic-Gener. Emiss. High. -Fat. Diet."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221475002600106X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221475002600106X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T09:51:51Z","timestamp":1790329911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221475002600106X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S221475002600106X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanisms of obesogenic adipocyte signaling in mouse 3T3-L1 cells in response to plasma from C57BL\/6 mice exposed to traffic-generated emissions and high-fat diet.","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102304","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102304"}}