{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:29:35Z","timestamp":1793651375501,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:45:18Z","timestamp":1787701518000},"page":"102334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pharmacological insights into the antidiabetic potential of Rosa hybrida Hort. flowers based on enzyme inhibition and computational analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Entris","family":"Sutrisno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Susanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jajang Japar","family":"Sodik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0365-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabila Hadiah","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taufik Muhammad","family":"Fakih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salsabila","family":"Adlina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5239-0141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeful","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176275","article-title":"Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"21","author":"Galicia-Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib3","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: Complications, emerging therapeutic targets, and evolving treatment approaches","volume":"58","author":"Mohd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274971","article-title":"Medication adherence and its impact on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with comorbidity: A multicenter cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Sendekie","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS. ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.36348\/sjmps.2025.v11i09.013","article-title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Non-Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Akanksh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Saudi J. Med. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib6","series-title":"Oral and Injectable (Non-Insulin) Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes","author":"Feingold","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib7","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus \u2013 conventional therapies and future perspectives in innovative treatment","volume":"42","author":"Gieroba","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001258","article-title":"The costs of diabetes treatment in low- A nd middle-income countries: A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Moucheraud","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14719\/pst.2017.4.4.347","article-title":"Phytotherapy: Herbal medicine in the management of Diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Bansode","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant. Sci. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248709","article-title":"Antidiabetic Potential of Commonly Available Fruit Plants in Bangladesh: Updates on Prospective Phytochemicals and Their Reported MoAs","volume":"27","author":"Alam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.22146\/ijp.7746","article-title":"Antidiabetic Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. Fruit Extracts and the Identification of Active Compounds Using LC-MS and In silico Methods","author":"Widiastuti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indones. J. Pharm. 35"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45080420","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Impacts from Pathogenesis to Lifestyle Modifications","volume":"45","author":"Caturano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1511049","article-title":"Natural solutions for diabetes: the therapeutic potential of plants and mushrooms","volume":"12","author":"Sknepnek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib14","article-title":"Gallic and glycyrrhetinic acids prevent azithromycin-induced liver damage in rats by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1353029","article-title":"Comparative effects of incretin-based therapy on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: the role of SIRT1\/Nrf2\/NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1 signaling pathways","volume":"15","author":"Botros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040457","article-title":"Signaling Pathways in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Phytochemical Therapeutic Interventions","volume":"14","author":"Sebghatollahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgr.2025.12.001","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into the regulation of glucose-lipid metabolism by the bioactive constituents of ginseng","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.850066","article-title":"TLRs-JNK\/ NF-\u03baB Pathway Underlies the Protective Effect of the Sulfide Salt Against Liver Toxicity","volume":"13","author":"Abdel-latif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11202722","article-title":"Recent Updates on Phytoconstituent Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: An Approach towards the Treatment of Type Two Diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Kashtoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2012.01011.x","article-title":"Impact of postprandial glycaemia on health and prevention of disease","volume":"13","author":"Blaak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib21","article-title":"Alpha glucosidase inhibitory activities of plants with focus on common vegetables","volume":"9","author":"Assefa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-021-09773-1","article-title":"A review of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from plants as potential candidates for the treatment of type-2 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Dirir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13030424","article-title":"New Garden Rose (Rosa \u00d7 hybrida) Genotypes with Intensely Colored Flowers as Rich Sources of Bioactive Compounds","volume":"13","author":"Simin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-017-0261-4","article-title":"Antioxidant compounds and activities of edible roses (Rosa hybrida spp.) from different cultivars grown in Korea","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib25","article-title":"Beneficial medicinal effects and material applications of rose","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30193869","article-title":"Recent Advances in Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Utilization of Rose (Rosa spp.)","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1477243","article-title":"Antiproliferative and biochemical evaluation of rose extracts: impact on tumor and normal skin cells","volume":"15","author":"Faur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life14060686","article-title":"A Holistic In Silico and In Vivo Approach to Exploring the Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Hepatoprotective Properties of Rose of Sharon","volume":"14","author":"Ziyanok-Demirtas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2024.08.032","article-title":"Studies on pharmacological aspects, integrated pest management and economic importance of Rosa damascena L","volume":"174","author":"Fazili","year":"2024","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-05144-x","article-title":"Alpha-amylase and Alpha-glucosidase enzymes inhibition and antioxidant potential of selected medicinal plants used as anti-diabetes by Sundanese community in West Java, Indonesia","volume":"25","author":"Febriyanti","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128446","article-title":"Extraction and characterization of a novel cellulosic fiber derived from the bark of Rosa hybrida plant","volume":"257","author":"Shibly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11102032","article-title":"Characterization of Anthocyanins and Their Antioxidant Activities in Indian Rose Varieties (Rosa \u00d7 hybrida) Using HPLC","volume":"11","author":"Kumari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae8100895","article-title":"Volatile Profile of Garden Rose (Rosa hybrida) Hydrosol and Evaluation of Its Biological Activity In Vitro","volume":"8","author":"Tanjga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Horticulturae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib34","article-title":"Effects of shading on plant growth, flower quality and photosynthetic capacity of Rosa hybrida","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib35","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower extract on \u03b1-glucosidase and \u03b1-amylase activities","volume":"12","author":"My","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant. Sci. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2025.100636","article-title":"LC-MS profiling and multi-target mechanistic insights of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in diabetes: Network pharmacology, molecular docking, MD simulation, PCA, and in-vitro \u03b1-amylase inhibition","volume":"16","author":"Thapa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. - Mod. Chin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3345","article-title":"Investigation of Rosa species by an optimized LC-QTOF-MS\/MS method using targeted and non-targeted screening strategies combined with multivariate chemometrics","volume":"35","author":"Mitsikaris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib38","unstructured":"W. Forli, S. Halliday, R. Belew, A. Olson, AutoDock Version 4.2. Citeseer, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib39","unstructured":"BIOVIA (2017) Dassault Syst\u00e8mes BIOVIA, Discovery Studio Modeling Environment, Release 2017. Dassault Syst\u00e8mes San Diego."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s10822-025-00621-4","article-title":"A computational study of cardiac glycosides from Vernonia amygdalina as PI3K inhibitors for targeting HER2 positive breast cancer","volume":"39","author":"Tafrihani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Comput. -Aided Mol. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib41","article-title":"Role of autodock vina in PyRx molecular docking","volume":"14","author":"Pawar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J. Res. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf361","article-title":"PLIP 2025: introducing protein-protein interactions to the protein-ligand interaction profiler","volume":"53","author":"Schake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5","article-title":"VMD: Visual molecular dynamics","volume":"14","author":"Humphrey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Graph."}],"container-title":["Toxicology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750026001368?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214750026001368?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:02:19Z","timestamp":1793649739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214750026001368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S2214750026001368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-7500"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-7500","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmacological insights into the antidiabetic potential of Rosa hybrida Hort. flowers based on enzyme inhibition and computational analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Toxicology Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxrep.2026.102334","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102334"}}