{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:26:44Z","timestamp":1791077204242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,16]],"date-time":"2014-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Translational Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,13]],"date-time":"2014-05-13T16:31:18Z","timestamp":1399998678000},"page":"384-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Rad6 is a Potential Early Marker of Melanoma Development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Karli","family":"Rosner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreelekha","family":"Adsule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Kirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darius R.","family":"Mehregan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malathy P.V.","family":"Shekhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc1296","article-title":"Melanoma biomarkers: current status and vision for the future","volume":"6","author":"Larson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.15.1837","article-title":"Wnt signaling and cancer","volume":"14","author":"Polakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70226-X","article-title":"Downregulation of beta-catenin by human Axin and its association with the APC tumor suppressor, beta- catenin and GSK3 beta","volume":"8","author":"Hart","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80091-8","article-title":"The F-box protein beta-TrCP associates with phosphorylated beta-catenin and regulates its activity in the cell","volume":"9","author":"Hart","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(99)00158-5","article-title":"Biochemical interactions in the wnt pathway","volume":"1495","author":"Seidensticker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.9.2401","article-title":"An F-box protein, FWD1, mediates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of \u03b2-catenin","volume":"18","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.10.018","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in development and disease","volume":"127","author":"Clevers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5307.1790","article-title":"Stabilization of beta-catenin by genetic defects in melanoma cell lines","volume":"275","author":"Rubinfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65278-9","article-title":"Frequent nuclear\/cytoplasmic localization of beta-catenin without exon 3 mutations in malignant melanoma","volume":"154","author":"Rimm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5382.1509","article-title":"Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway","volume":"281","author":"He","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200202049","article-title":"Beta-catenin-induced melanoma growth requires the downstream target Microphthalmia- associated transcription factor","volume":"158","author":"Widlund","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5522","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5522","article-title":"The cyclin D1 gene is a target of the beta-catenin\/LEF-1 pathway","volume":"96","author":"Shtutman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65172-3","article-title":"Microphthalmia transcription factor: A sensitive and specific melanocyte marker for melanoma diagnosis","volume":"155","author":"King","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90429-T","article-title":"Mutations at the mouse microphthalmia locus are associated with defects in a gene encoding a novel basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper protein","volume":"74","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(00)00051-8","article-title":"Structural organization of the human microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene containing four alternative promoters","volume":"1491","author":"Udono","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0996-50","article-title":"Ectopic expression of MITF, a gene for Waardenburg syndrome type 2, converts fibroblasts to cells with melanocyte characteristics","volume":"14","author":"Tachibana","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.2.158","article-title":"Direct regulation of nacre, a zebrafish MITF homolog required for pigment cell formation, by the Wnt pathway","volume":"14","author":"Dorsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950160408","article-title":"The Rad6 DNA repair pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: What does it do, and how does it do it?","volume":"16","author":"Lawrence","year":"1994","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.1.168","article-title":"Rad6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein containing a tract of 13 consecutive aspartates","volume":"82","author":"Reynolds","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/329131a0","article-title":"The yeast DNA repair Rad6 encodes a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme","volume":"329","author":"Jentsch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0105","series-title":"The molecular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae","first-page":"371","article-title":"Life cycle and inheritance","author":"Haynes","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2660(08)60299-0","article-title":"Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"21","author":"Lawrence","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0115","series-title":"The eukaryotic nucleus","first-page":"275","article-title":"Structure and Function of RAD3, RAD6, and other DNA repair genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Prakash","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-2111","article-title":"Rad6B is a positive regulator of beta-catenin stabilization","volume":"68","author":"Shekhar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-06-0136","article-title":"Essential role of T-cell factor\/beta-catenin in regulation of Rad6B: a potential mechanism for Rad6B overexpression in breast cancer cells","volume":"4","author":"Shekhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-2187-6-6","article-title":"Rad6B acts downstream of Wnt signaling to stabilize \u03b2-catenin: Implications for a novel Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin target","volume":"6","author":"Gerard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mol Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0135","first-page":"2115","article-title":"Rad6 overexpression induces multinucleation, centrosome amplification, abnormal mitosis, aneuploidy, and transformation","volume":"62","author":"Shekhar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2012.05.032","article-title":"Lysine 394 is a novel Rad6B-induced ubiquitination site on beta-catenin","volume":"1823","author":"Gerard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOMG.0000037157.94207.33","article-title":"Wnt proteins in mammary development and cancer","volume":"9","author":"Brennan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-0793","article-title":"Novel inhibitors of Rad6 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme: design, synthesis, identification, and functional characterization","volume":"12","author":"Sanders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(92)90433-S","article-title":"Localization of two human homologs, HHR6A and HHR6B, of the yeast DNA repair gene RAD6 to chromosomes Xq24\u2013q25 and 5q23\u2013q31","volume":"12","author":"Koken","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1270","article-title":"Cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin is rarely caused by CTNNB1 exon 3 mutations in cutaneous malignant melanoma","volume":"92","author":"Omholt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0165","first-page":"1","article-title":"Caught up in a Wnt storm: Wnt signaling in cancer","volume":"1653","author":"Giles","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.2741\/1831","article-title":"The WNT\/Beta-catenin pathway in melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Larue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10893","article-title":"Tissue microarray-based analysis shows phospho-beta-catenin expression in malignant melanoma is associated with poor outcome","volume":"103","author":"Kielhorn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1427","article-title":"WNT and beta-catenin signalling: diseases and therapies","volume":"5","author":"Moon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811902106","article-title":"Activated Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling in melanoma is associated with decreased proliferation in patient tumors and a murine melanoma model","volume":"106","author":"Chien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23812","article-title":"Gene silencing of beta-catenin in melanoma cells retards their growth but promotes the formation of pulmonary metastasis in mice","volume":"123","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601212","article-title":"The melanocyte inducing factor MITF is stably expressed in cell lines from human clear cell sarcoma","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00891.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical characteristics of melanoma","volume":"35","author":"Ohsie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.10.650","article-title":"Is superficial spreading melanoma still the most common form of malignant melanoma?","volume":"58","author":"Forman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/439205","article-title":"Melanoma development and progression are associated with Rad6 upregulation and \u03b2-catenin relocation to the cell membrane","author":"Rosner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Skin Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.07.008","article-title":"MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene","volume":"12","author":"Levy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200505059","article-title":"Elevated expression of MITF counteracts B-RAF- stimulated melanocyte and melanoma cell proliferation","volume":"170","author":"Wellbrock","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03269","article-title":"Mitf cooperates with Rb1 and activates p21Cip1 expression to regulate cell cycle progression","volume":"433","author":"Carreira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200410115","article-title":"MITF links differentiation with cell cycle arrest in melanocytes by transcriptional activation of INK4A","volume":"168","author":"Loercher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2695","article-title":"Mutation of cysteine-88 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6 protein abolishes its ubiquitin-conjugating activity and its various biological functions","volume":"87","author":"Sung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Translational Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936523314000448?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1936523314000448?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1761834615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1936523314000448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1936523314000448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-5233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-5233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rad6 is a Potential Early Marker of Melanoma Development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Translational Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tranon.2014.04.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Neoplasia Press, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}