{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:35:23Z","timestamp":1790238923889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","trasci.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transfusion and Apheresis Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T18:57:01Z","timestamp":1605812221000},"page":"102990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Plasma exchange and thrombotic microangiopathies: From pathophysiology to clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alexis","family":"Piedrafita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ribes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Cointault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Chauveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Faguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Huart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00620117","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy and the kidney","volume":"13","author":"Brocklebank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020528","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"347","author":"Moake","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1312353","article-title":"Syndromes of thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"371","author":"George","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.03.055","article-title":"Expert statements on the standard of care in critically ill adult patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"152","author":"Azoulay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1312353","article-title":"Syndromes of thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"371","author":"George","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0030","first-page":"327","article-title":"The differential diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"115","author":"Bommer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90022-3","article-title":"An acute febrile pleiochromic anemia with hyaline thrombosis of the terminal arterioles and capillaries; an undescribed disease","volume":"13","author":"Moschcowitz","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-02-078170","article-title":"Von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS13, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"112","author":"Sadler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0045","first-page":"905","article-title":"[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: bilateral necrosis of the renal cortex in acute acquired hemolytic anemia]","volume":"85","author":"Gasser","year":"1955","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0050","first-page":"2","article-title":"Severe pneumonia with hemolysis caused by neuraminidase. Detection of cryptantigens by indirect immunofluorescent technique","volume":"119","author":"Fischer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92915-4","article-title":"Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in haemolytic-uraemic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Klein","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.1998.00824.x","article-title":"Genetic studies into inherited and sporadic hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Warwicker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810739","article-title":"Thrombomodulin mutations in atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome","volume":"361","author":"Delvaeye","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2590","article-title":"Recessive mutations in DGKE cause atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Lemaire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007010062","article-title":"Is There a Shared Pathophysiology for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome?","volume":"18","author":"Desch","year":"2007","journal-title":"JASN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E153","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160142","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathies: a general approach to diagnosis and management","volume":"189","author":"Arnold","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.05.007","article-title":"Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: clinically differentiating the thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"24","author":"Cataland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04680513","article-title":"Principles of separation: indications and therapeutic targets for plasma exchange","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12768","article-title":"Is plasma exchange efficacious in shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome? A narrative review of current evidence","volume":"23","author":"Keenswijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12401","article-title":"The Welsh Blood Service - 70 years of continuous change","volume":"27","author":"Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108083250605","article-title":"Improved survival in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clinical experience in 108 patients","volume":"325","author":"Bell","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2012.09167.x","article-title":"Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"158","author":"Scully","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21705","article-title":"Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice \u2013 evidence-based approach from the writing committee of the american society for apheresis: the eighth special issue","volume":"34","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03818.x","article-title":"Rituximab pharmacokinetics during the management of acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"8","author":"McDonald","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03646.x","article-title":"Decreasing frequency of plasma exchange complications in patients treated for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome, 1996 to 2011","volume":"52","author":"Som","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12917","article-title":"Plasma exchange complications in patients treated for thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome: 2011 to 2014","volume":"54","author":"McClain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1994.tb02201.x","article-title":"Vascular access for therapeutic plasma exchange","volume":"18","author":"Grishaber","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21669","article-title":"Influence of vascular access devices upon efficiency of therapeutic plasma exchange","volume":"34","author":"Ritzenthaler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21592","article-title":"The management of anticoagulation in patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange: a concise review","volume":"33","author":"Shunkwiler","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1101(1996)11:4<204::AID-JCA5>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Prevention of citrate reactions during therapeutic plasma exchange by constant infusion of calcium gluconate with the return fluid","volume":"11","author":"Weinstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0155","article-title":"Anticoagulation techniques in apheresis: from heparin to citrate and beyond","volume":"27","author":"G, L","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00716.x","article-title":"Apheresis technologies and clinical applications: the 2007 International Apheresis Registry","volume":"14","author":"Malchesky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-015-1137-3","article-title":"Membrane versus centrifuge-based therapeutic plasma exchange: a randomized prospective crossover study","volume":"48","author":"Hafer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04915.x","article-title":"The treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: plasma infusion or exchange?","volume":"87","author":"Novitzky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00286-7","article-title":"Improved survival with plasma exchange in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Lara","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.03.055","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with invasive pneumococcal disease: the United kingdom experience","volume":"151","author":"Waters","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.01942.x","article-title":"Plasma exchange for the management of the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: importance of the type of fluid replacement","volume":"264","author":"Marson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21288","article-title":"The use of 50% albumin\/plasma replacement fluid in therapeutic plasma exchange for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"28","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05418.x","article-title":"Does cryosupernatant plasma improve outcome in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? No answer yet","volume":"129","author":"Rock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21336","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of cryoprecipitate-poor plasma as a replacement fluid for therapeutic plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a single center retrospective evaluation","volume":"29","author":"Stefanello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0205","first-page":"1756109","article-title":"Combination of fresh frozen plasma and cryosupernatant plasma for therapeutic plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura: a single institution experience","volume":"2019","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003595.pub2","article-title":"Interventions for haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","author":"Michael","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01562.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the hemostatic potential including thrombin generation of three different therapeutic pathogen-reduced plasmas","volume":"102","author":"Hacquard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0958-7578.2004.00478.x","article-title":"Comparison of von Willebrand factor antigen, von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease and protein S in blood components used for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"14","author":"Yarranton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05478.x","article-title":"SD Plasma in TTP and coagulation factor deficiencies for which no concentrates are available","volume":"74","author":"Horowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13229","article-title":"Type of plasma preparation used for plasma exchange and clinical outcome of adult patients with acquired idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a French retrospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Toussaint-Hacquard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00959.x","article-title":"A randomized, controlled Phase III trial of therapeutic plasma exchange with fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) prepared with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light compared to untreated FFP in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"46","author":"Mintz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02991.x","article-title":"Role of methylene blue-treated or fresh-frozen plasma in the response to plasma exchange in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"114","author":"de la Rubia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0042-9007.2004.00506.x","article-title":"Methylene blue-photoinactivated plasma vs. Fresh-frozen plasma as replacement fluid for plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"86","author":"Alvarez-Larr\u00e1n","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2006.00720.x","article-title":"A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for plasma exchange in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"17","author":"Brunskill","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-10-709857","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"129","author":"Joly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01436.x","article-title":"The incidence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome: all patients, idiopathic patients, and patients with severe ADAMTS-13 deficiency","volume":"3","author":"Terrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0193","article-title":"ADAMTS13 activity in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome: relation to presenting features and clinical outcomes in a prospective cohort of 142 patients","volume":"102","author":"Vesely","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17020","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.20","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"3","author":"Kremer Hovinga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-636431","article-title":"Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"130","author":"Sadler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-02-791533","article-title":"The role of ADAMTS13 testing in the diagnosis and management of thrombotic microangiopathies and thrombosis","volume":"132","author":"Masias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04049.x","article-title":"Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force, British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of the thrombotic microangiopathic haemolytic anaemias","volume":"120","author":"Allford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07276.x","article-title":"Regional UK TTP registry: correlation with laboratory ADAMTS 13 analysis and clinical features","volume":"142","author":"Scully","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2013.04.016","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a retrospective multicenter study","volume":"48","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0300","article-title":"Re-examination of 30-day survival and relapse rates in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3744-y","article-title":"The role of von Willebrand factor in thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"33","author":"Noone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108083250604","article-title":"Comparison of plasma exchange with plasma infusion in the treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Canadian Apheresis Study Group","volume":"325","author":"Rock","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-3886(92)90123-X","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: clinical results of a French controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Henon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Transfus Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-009-0877-5","article-title":"High versus standard dose methylprednisolone in the acute phase of idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a randomized study","volume":"89","author":"Balduini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2018.1.539","article-title":"Beyond plasma exchange: novel therapies for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"2018","author":"Dane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306014","article-title":"Potential for recombinant ADAMTS13 as an effective therapy for acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura","volume":"35","author":"Tersteeg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04183.x","article-title":"ADAMTS13 gene defects in two brothers with constitutional thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and normalization of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity by recombinant human ADAMTS13","volume":"120","author":"Antoine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-06-788026","article-title":"Recombinant ADAMTS-13: first-in-human pharmacokinetics and safety in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"130","author":"Scully","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04224.x","article-title":"Recombinant ADAMTS13 normalizes von Willebrand factor-cleaving activity in plasma of acquired TTP patients by overriding inhibitory antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Plaimauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3836","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-399501","article-title":"Gain-of-function ADAMTS13 variants that are resistant to autoantibodies against ADAMTS13 in patients with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"119","author":"Jian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3654","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-410431","article-title":"Improving on nature: redesigning ADAMTS13","volume":"119","author":"Hovinga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505533","article-title":"Caplacizumab for acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura","volume":"374","author":"Peyvandi","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806311","article-title":"Caplacizumab treatment for acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura","volume":"380","author":"Scully","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520170059036","article-title":"A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7-associated bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome from hamburgers. The Washington experience","volume":"272","author":"Bell","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01251-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange in the 1996 Lanarkshire Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak","volume":"354","author":"Dundas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs394","article-title":"Best supportive care and therapeutic plasma exchange with or without eculizumab in Shiga-toxin-producing E. Coli O104:H4 induced haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: an analysis of the German STEC-HUS registry","volume":"27","author":"Kielstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0385","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"365","author":"Tarr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0390","series-title":"Pediatric kidney disease","first-page":"653","article-title":"Postinfectious hemolytic uremic syndrome","author":"Bitzan","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EHEC-0024-2013","article-title":"Shiga Toxin (Stx) Classification, Structure, and Function","volume":"2","author":"Melton-Celsa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e564","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13211","article-title":"Serum Shiga toxin 2 values in patients during acute phase of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"104","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011033","article-title":"Prothrombotic coagulation abnormalities preceding the hemolytic-uremic syndrome","volume":"346","author":"Chandler","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.11.021","article-title":"Endocytosis and retrograde transport of Shiga toxin","volume":"56","author":"Sandvig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262883","article-title":"Complement in typical hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Orth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6394","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900151","article-title":"Shiga toxin activates complement and binds factor H: evidence for an active role of complement in hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"182","author":"Orth","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02730409","article-title":"Alternative pathway of complement in children with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Thurman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4565","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4565","article-title":"Validation of treatment strategies for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome: case-control study","volume":"345","author":"Menne","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61145-8","article-title":"Management of an acute outbreak of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome with early plasma exchange in adults from southern Denmark: an observational study","volume":"378","author":"Colic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80071-4","article-title":"Plasma infusion for hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children: results of a multicenter controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Rizzoni","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00858677","article-title":"Treatment of the childhood haemolytic uraemic syndrome with plasma. A multicentre randomized controlled trial. The French Society of Paediatric Nephrology","volume":"2","author":"Loirat","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70316-5","article-title":"Plasma exchange in children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome at risk of poor outcome","volume":"22","author":"Gianviti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-2067-7","article-title":"Outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by E. Coli O104:H4 in Germany: a pediatric perspective","volume":"27","author":"Kemper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2009.28","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy: what not to learn from a meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Noris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61253-1","article-title":"Treatment of severe neurological deficits with IgG depletion through immunoadsorption in patients with Escherichia coli O104:H4-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome: a prospective trial","volume":"378","author":"Greinacher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60228-1","article-title":"Immunoadsorption in patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"379","author":"Combe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfs090","article-title":"Immunoadsorption for paediatric post-diarrhoea haemolytic-uraemic syndrome with severe neurological involvement","volume":"5","author":"Pietrement","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2017.1.632","article-title":"Plasma exchange in thrombotic microangiopathies (TMAs) other than thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)","volume":"2017","author":"Winters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1100859","article-title":"Eculizumab in severe shiga-toxin-associated HUS","volume":"364","author":"Lapeyraque","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EHEC-0013-2013","article-title":"New therapeutic developments against shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli","volume":"2","author":"Melton-Celsa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0518-y","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Copelovitch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3783-4","article-title":"Influenza-associated thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"33","author":"Bitzan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.02.010","article-title":"Exposure of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is dependent on pneumococcal neuraminidase A","volume":"50","author":"Coats","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04342-3","article-title":"New insights into the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Scobell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/2020\/38\/2018065","article-title":"HEMOLYTIC uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus Pneumoniae in pediatrics: a case series","volume":"38","author":"Guerra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21208","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange in Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case report","volume":"27","author":"Petras","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01871.x","article-title":"A severe case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal infection and T activation treated successfully with plasma exchange","volume":"48","author":"Hopkins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV17026","article-title":"Pathogenesis of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Yoshida","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370426","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/370426","article-title":"Familial atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: a review of its genetic and clinical aspects","volume":"2012","author":"Bu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.10.005","article-title":"Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy: conclusions from a \u2018Kidney Disease: improving Global Outcomes\u2019 (KDIGO) Controversies Conference","volume":"91","author":"Goodship","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-6-60","article-title":"Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Loirat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262890","article-title":"Plasmatherapy in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Loirat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-516237","article-title":"How I treat: the clinical differentiation and initial treatment of adult patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"123","author":"Cataland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02210310","article-title":"Relative role of genetic complement abnormalities in sporadic and familial aHUS and their impact on clinical phenotype","volume":"5","author":"Noris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010030315","article-title":"Clinical features of anti-factor H autoantibody-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Dragon-Durey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208981","article-title":"Terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab in atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome","volume":"368","author":"Legendre","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.423","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of eculizumab in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome from 2-year extensions of phase 2 studies","volume":"87","author":"Licht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.07.016","article-title":"Eculizumab safety: five-year experience from the global atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome registry","volume":"4","author":"Rondeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00212","article-title":"An update in drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"7","author":"Chatzikonstantinou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-743104","article-title":"None of the above: thrombotic microangiopathy beyond TTP and HUS","volume":"129","author":"Masias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-611335","article-title":"Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: a systematic review of published reports","volume":"125","author":"Al-Nouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830470407","article-title":"Quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenia with hemolytic uremic syndrome: clinical and serological findings in nine patients and review of literature","volume":"47","author":"Gottschall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.1.241.241","article-title":"Characterization of multiple quinine-dependent antibodies in a patient with episodic hemolytic uremic syndrome and immune agranulocytosis","volume":"80","author":"Stroncek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70269-6","article-title":"Quinine-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura followed by hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Glynne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328886","article-title":"Drug-associated thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"38","author":"Kreuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(17)30066-X","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"151","author":"Cervera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17104","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.104","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2016.07.023","article-title":"[2016 review on catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome]","volume":"45","author":"Costedoat-Chalumeau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0482-z","article-title":"Catastrophic APS in the context of other thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"17","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pint\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.09.010","article-title":"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS): descriptive analysis of 500 patients from the International CAPS Registry","volume":"15","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pint\u00f3","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60709-X","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"376","author":"Ruiz-Irastorza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000269","article-title":"Treatment of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Kazzaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22018","article-title":"Mortality in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: causes of death and prognostic factors in a series of 250 patients","volume":"54","author":"Bucciarelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key082","article-title":"The effect of triple therapy on the mortality of catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome patients","volume":"57","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Pint\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S191418","article-title":"Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"11","author":"Bergamasco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.03.012","article-title":"Therapy of scleroderma renal crisis: state of the art","volume":"17","author":"Zanatta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs317","article-title":"Prognosis of scleroderma renal crisis: a long-term observational study","volume":"27","author":"Cozzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0680","unstructured":"Therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: A comprehensive review and analysis. Edward S Harris, Herbert J Meiselman, Patrick M Moriarty, Allan Metzger, Miroslav Malkovsky, 2018. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/2397198318758606."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0685","first-page":"329","article-title":"Scleroderma renal crisis during intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy for complicated interstitial lung disease was successfully treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and plasma exchange","volume":"78","author":"Nagamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nagoya J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez435","article-title":"Classifications of scleroderma renal crisis and reconsideration of its pathophysiology","volume":"58","author":"Yamashita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex260","article-title":"The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies","volume":"56","author":"Rees","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308094360","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors and clinical outcome: a single centre study","volume":"18","author":"Kwok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq311","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study in North Taiwan","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4142","article-title":"The spectrum of renal thrombotic microangiopathy in lupus nephritis","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0715","first-page":"503","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy and poor renal outcome in lupus patients with or without antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Hernandez-Molina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3595","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003595","article-title":"Plasmapheresis is associated with better renal outcomes in lupus nephritis patients with thrombotic microangiopathy: a case series study","volume":"95","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0725","first-page":"649","article-title":"Cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"10","author":"Govind Babu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.01.014","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy in cancer","volume":"164","author":"Weitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20783","article-title":"Management of cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: what is the right approach?","volume":"82","author":"Werner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687893","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy in cancer","volume":"45","author":"Weitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3182603598","article-title":"Cancer related microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: clinical and laboratory features in 168 reported cases","volume":"91","author":"Lechner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11470918","article-title":"Etiology and outcomes of thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"14","author":"Bayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1970.tb01433.x","article-title":"Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and mucin-forming adenocarcinoma","volume":"18","author":"Brain","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5144\/1658-3876.2011.51","article-title":"Viral-associated thrombotic microangiopathies","volume":"4","author":"Lopes da Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2016.0124","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy in the setting of HIV infection: a case report and review of the differential diagnosis and therapy","volume":"30","author":"Saab","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.5482","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with tuberculous infection","volume":"50","author":"Masumoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e227","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16783","article-title":"Severe COVID-19 infection and thrombotic microangiopathy: success does not come easily","volume":"189","author":"Gavriilaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V91133","article-title":"Malignant hypertension and hypertensive emergencies","volume":"9","author":"Kitiyakara","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0785","unstructured":"Phd Thesis B.J.H. Van Den Born \u201cEpidemiology and pathophysiology of malignant hypertension\u201d (https:\/\/dare.uva.nl\/search?identifier=d058a5a9-9ad0-40cd-9878-cbdb4426f607)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0790","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Malignant hypertension","author":"Naranjo","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/2040620715571076","article-title":"Differentiating malignant hypertension-induced thrombotic microangiopathy from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"6","author":"Khanal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.09.026","article-title":"Pathogenesis of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP): a review","volume":"166","author":"Abildgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0805","unstructured":"Plasma exchange therapy in HELLP syndrome: a single-center experience. PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.insermbiblio.inist.fr\/16830290\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2014.12.026","article-title":"A life-saving therapy in Class I HELLP syndrome: therapeutic plasma exchange","volume":"52","author":"Erkurt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/107602960501100211","article-title":"The role of plasma exchange in HELLP syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Eser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91470-6","article-title":"Postpartum plasma exchange for atypical preeclampsia-eclampsia as HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome","volume":"172","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000230","article-title":"Antibody-mediated rejection","volume":"20","author":"Amore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0830","first-page":"46","article-title":"Antibody-mediated rejection: a review","volume":"17","author":"Garces","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02591.x","article-title":"Comparison of combination Plasmapheresis\/IVIg\/anti-CD20 versus high-dose IVIg in the treatment of antibody-mediated rejection","volume":"9","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002049","article-title":"The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"102","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.61","article-title":"Post-bone marrow transplant thrombotic microangiopathy","volume":"51","author":"Obut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0850","first-page":"271","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange does not appear to be effective in the management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura\/hemolytic uremic syndrome following bone marrow transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Sarode","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02699.x","article-title":"The clinical features, risk factors and outcome of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura occurring after bone marrow transplantation","volume":"113","author":"Fuge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702849","article-title":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-like syndromes following bone marrow transplantation: an analysis of associated conditions and clinical outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Roy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2018.01.003","article-title":"Cobalamin deficiency presenting with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) features: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990_bib0870","first-page":"127","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as pseudo-thrombotic microangiopathy: a case report and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Fahmawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Transfusion and Apheresis Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1473050220303128?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1473050220303128?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T08:51:56Z","timestamp":1761468716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1473050220303128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":174,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1473050220303128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990","relation":{},"ISSN":["1473-0502"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1473-0502","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plasma exchange and thrombotic microangiopathies: From pathophysiology to clinical practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Transfusion and Apheresis Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transci.2020.102990","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102990"}}