{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:41:07Z","timestamp":1790847667383,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS093920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS093920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG050636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG050636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG028383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG028383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008097","name":"Edward N. and Della L. Thome Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["A&amp;D Transl Res &amp; Clin Interv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Alzheimer's Association's Research roundtable met in April 2015 to explore the role of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ability of innate immune cells, particularly microglia and astrocytes, to mediate neuroinflammation in AD has been implicated as a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis. Adaptive immunity, which plays an important role in responding to injury and some diseases of the central nervous system, may contribute to neuroinflammation in AD as well. Communication between the central and peripheral\u00a0immune systems may also be important in AD. An increased understanding of the physiology of the innate immune system may aid the identification of new therapeutic targets or mechanisms. The development of predictive animal models and translatable neuroinflammation biomarkers for AD would also facilitate the advancement of novel treatments for innate immunity. Important challenges impeding the advancement of new therapeutic agents and strategies to overcome them were discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2016.05.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T21:08:50Z","timestamp":1464642530000},"page":"99-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["The roles of inflammation and immune mechanisms in\u00a0Alzheimer's\u00a0disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Van Eldik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanders\u2010Brown Center on Aging Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical &amp; Scientific Relations Alzheimer's Association Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia E.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals Deerfield IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Feuerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry D.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical &amp; Scientific Relations Alzheimer's Association Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Merck Whitehouse Station NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Kozauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quintiles (formerly) Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Margolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CereSpir, Inc. New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Molinuevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service ICN Hospital Clinic i Universitari; Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Barcelona beta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhold","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AbbVie Deutschland GmbH &amp; Co KG Ludwigshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Ransohoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogen Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanders\u2010Brown Center on Aging Department of Physiology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent medical writer Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Bales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer, Inc. Neuroscience Research Unit Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"\u00dcber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde","volume":"64","author":"Alzheimer A.","year":"1907","journal-title":"Allgemeine Z Psychiatrie Psychisch Gerichtliche Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000078501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152710791012053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020545"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.006","article-title":"Inflammation in nervous system disorders. Introduction","volume":"302","author":"Tansey M.G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142322"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720511795256017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70044-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-016-0071-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201506123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1224-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3554"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Gliotransmitter release from astrocytes: functional, developmental, and pathological implications in the brain","volume":"9","author":"Harada K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152711794653751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv404"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-121606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318266fa70"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14-262048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3672-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2015.1041913"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2965"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-140410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.100265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4361-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0853-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4668-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-015-9612-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2012.01307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400569101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/13892037113149990144"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","volume-title":"The Retinoids: Biology, Chemistry, and Medicine","author":"Sporn M.B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132720","article-title":"Cooperative therapeutic action of retinoic acid receptor and retinoid x receptor agonists in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"42","author":"Kawahara K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924\u2010g","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234114","article-title":"Response to comments on \u201cApoE\u2010directed therapeutics rapidly clear beta\u2010amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models\u201d","volume":"340","author":"Landreth G.E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.018"}],"container-title":["Alzheimer's &amp; Dementia: Translational Research &amp; Clinical Interventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352873716300117?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352873716300117?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.trci.2016.05.001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.trci.2016.05.001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:19:51Z","timestamp":1761495591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.trci.2016.05.001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.trci.2016.05.001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trci.2016.05.001","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8737","2352-8737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8737","type":"print"},{"value":"2352-8737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}