{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T22:23:26Z","timestamp":1770416606404,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]],"date-time":"2018-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":193,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006510","name":"Duke University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["A&amp;D Transl Res &amp; Clin Interv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires reliable and validated methods to detect subtle cognitive changes. The battery of standardized cognitive assessments that is used for diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to AD in the TOMMORROW study have only been fully validated in English\u2010speaking countries. We conducted a validation and normative study of the German language version of the TOMMORROW neuropsychological test battery, which tests episodic memory, language, visuospatial ability, executive function, and attention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>German\u2010speaking cognitively healthy controls (NCs) and subjects with AD were recruited from a memory clinic at a Swiss medical center. Construct validity, test\u2013retest, and alternate form reliability were assessed in NCs. Criterion and discriminant validities of the cognitive measures were tested using logistic regression and discriminant analysis. Cross\u2010cultural equivalency of performance of the German language tests was compared with English language tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 198\u00a0NCs and 25 subjects with AD (aged 65\u201388\u00a0years) were analyzed. All German language tests discriminated NCs from persons with AD. Episodic memory tests had the highest potential to discriminate with almost twice the predictive power of any other domain. Test\u2010retest reliability of the test battery was adequate, and alternate form reliability for episodic memory tests was supported. For most tests, age was a significant predictor of group effect sizes; therefore, normative data were stratified by age. Validity and reliability results were similar to those in the published US cognitive testing literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study establishes the reliability and validity of the German language TOMMORROW test battery, which performed similarly to the English language tests. Some variations in test performance underscore the importance of regional normative values. The German language battery and normative data will improve the precision of measuring cognition and diagnosing incident mild cognitive impairment due to AD in clinical settings in German\u2010speaking countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2018.06.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,15]],"date-time":"2018-07-15T16:55:20Z","timestamp":1531673720000},"page":"314-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["TOMMORROW neuropsychological battery: German language validation and normative study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Heather R.","family":"Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph &amp; Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Bryan ADRC), Duke University Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Duke University Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas U.","family":"Monsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Center for Medicine of Aging, Felix Platter Hospital Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"Hayden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph &amp; Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Bryan ADRC), Duke University Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Duke University Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda L.","family":"Plassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph &amp; Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (Bryan ADRC), Duke University Durham NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Duke University Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra S.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCog Trials Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard S.E.","family":"Keefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Duke University Durham NC USA"},{"name":"NeuroCog Trials Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyama","family":"Brewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 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