{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T05:58:49Z","timestamp":1782626329227,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T05:06:12Z","timestamp":1298437572000},"page":"261-277","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":177,"title":["A multi-level approach to travel mode choice \u2013 How person characteristics and situation specific aspects determine car use in a student sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Kl\u00f6ckner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Friedrichsmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(97)00008-5","article-title":"Habit and information use in travel mode choice","volume":"96","author":"Aarts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0015","series-title":"The handbook of attitudes","first-page":"173","article-title":"The influence of attitudes on behavior","author":"Ajzen","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6923(98)00047-7","article-title":"The impact of unseasonable or extreme weather on traffic activity within Lothian region, Scotland","volume":"7","author":"Al Hassan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Transport Geography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2006.12.002","article-title":"Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour","volume":"27","author":"Bamberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/104346398010002005","article-title":"Changing travel mode choice as rational choice","volume":"10","author":"Bamberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rationality and Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2007.04.001","article-title":"Social context, personal norms and the use of public transportation: Results of two field studies","volume":"27","author":"Bamberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8116(95)00002-J","article-title":"Discrete choice models with latent choice sets","volume":"12","author":"Ben-Akiva","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Marketing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-2615(99)00038-7","article-title":"A multi-level cross-classified model for discrete response variables","volume":"34","author":"Bhat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transportation Research B: Methodological"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3141\/2082-04","article-title":"Reliability of travel time: Effective measures from a behavioural point of view","volume":"2082","author":"Bogers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0055","series-title":"Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach","author":"Burnham","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916504265440","article-title":"Psychological and situational influences on commuter transport-mode choice","volume":"37","author":"Collins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environment & Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/00420980220112801","article-title":"Urban form and travel behaviour: Micro-level household attributes and residential context","volume":"39","author":"Dieleman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urban Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0070","series-title":"Handbook of Multilevel Analysis","article-title":"Multilevel structural equation modelling","author":"Du Toit","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0075","first-page":"442","article-title":"Entscheidungsheuristiken\u2013Filterprozesse, Habits und Frames im Alltag [Decisional heuristics\u2013filter processes, habits, and frames in everyday life]","volume":"50","author":"Enste","year":"1998","journal-title":"K\u00f6lner Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Sozialpsychologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3141\/1895-08","article-title":"School location and student travel \u2013 analysis of factors affecting mode choice","volume":"1895","author":"Ewing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.2007.25.5.603","article-title":"Attitudes as object-evaluation associations of varying strength","volume":"25","author":"Fazio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Social Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0090","unstructured":"Friedrichsmeier, T., Matthies, E., & Kl\u00f6ckner, C. A. (submitted for publication). Explaining stability in travel mode choice. An empirical comparison of two concepts of habit."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2008.08.001","article-title":"Modelling motivation and habit in stable travel mode contexts","volume":"12","author":"Gardner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2010.00600.x","article-title":"Going green? Modeling the impact of environmental concerns and perceptions of transportation alternatives on decisions to drive","volume":"40","author":"Gardner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0105","series-title":"The expanding of travel behavior research","article-title":"Travel behavior modification: Theories, methods, and programs","author":"G\u00e4rling","year":"2009"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00123.x","article-title":"Explaining proenvironmental intention and behavior by personal norms and the theory of planned behavior","volume":"29","author":"Harland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modelling"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1177\/00139160121973269","article-title":"Responsibility and environment\u2013ecological norm orientation and external factors in the domain of travel mode choice behavior","volume":"33","author":"Hunecke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environment & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2007.08.001","article-title":"Psychological, sociodemographic, and infrastructural factors as determinants of ecological impact caused by mobility behavior","volume":"27","author":"Hunecke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0130","unstructured":"INFAS, & DIW (2004). Mobilit\u00e4t in Deutschland [mobility in Germany]. Project report published by Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen: Berlin. <http:\/\/www.mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de\/03_kontiv2002\/pdf\/ergebnisbericht_mid_ende_144_punkte.pdf> (Retrieved 01.02.10)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2003.10.001","article-title":"Accurracy of household planning of car use: comparing prospective to actual car logs","volume":"7","author":"Jakobssen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.11.028","article-title":"A moral extension of the theory of planned behaviour: Norms and anticipated feelings of regret in conservationism","volume":"41","author":"Kaiser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2004.08.004","article-title":"How habits interfere with norm directed behaviour \u2013 A normative decision-making model for travel mode choice","volume":"24","author":"Kl\u00f6ckner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01902.x","article-title":"Problems of operationalizing habits and integrating habits in normative decision-making models","volume":"33","author":"Kl\u00f6ckner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2010.03.001","article-title":"A comprehensive action determination model \u2013 towards a broader understanding of ecological behaviour using the example of travel mode choice","volume":"30","author":"Kl\u00f6ckner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2010.12.009","article-title":"General vs. domain specific recycling behaviour \u2013 applying a multilevel comprehensive action determination model to recycling in Norwegian student homes","volume":"55","author":"Kl\u00f6ckner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.6.4.3","article-title":"Evaluating the urban commute experience: A time perception approach","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Public Transportation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2006.03.001","article-title":"Effects of the Los Angeles transit strike on highway congestion","volume":"40","author":"Lo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(05)80254-3","article-title":"Perceived safety from crime in the urban environment","volume":"13","author":"Loewen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSD.2001.001549","article-title":"Indicators for environmentally sustainable household consumption","volume":"4","author":"Lorek","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1026\/0943-8149\/a000010","volume":"18","author":"Matthies","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Gesundheitspsychologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0185","series-title":"Mplus technical appendices","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"1998-2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0190","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, B. O., du Toit, S. H. C., & Spisic, D. (1997). Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimation equations in latent variable modelling with categorical and continuous outcomes. Unpublished manuscript. <http:\/\/www.gseis.ucla.edu\/faculty\/muthen\/articles\/Article_075.pdf> Retreived 09.02.2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0195","series-title":"Mplus user\u2019s guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"1998-2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2006.00435.x","article-title":"Habits \u2013 a repeat performance","volume":"15","author":"Neal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0205","unstructured":"O\u2019Fallon, C., & Sullivan, C. (2003). Understanding and managing weekend traffic congestion. Pinnacle research paper. <http:\/\/www.pinnacleresearch.co.nz\/research\/survey\/weekend.pdf> Received 04.02.10"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.124.1.54","article-title":"Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior","volume":"124","author":"Ouellette","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0215","series-title":"Altruism and helping behavior","first-page":"89","article-title":"A normative decision-making model of altruism","author":"Schwartz","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-070X(01)00023-3","article-title":"Structures of commitment in mode use: A comparison of Switzerland, Germany and Great Britain","volume":"8","author":"Simma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transport Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0225","unstructured":"Sopha, B. M., & Kl\u00f6ckner, C.A. (submitted for publication). Psychological factors in the diffusion of sustainable technology: A study of Norwegian households\u2019 adoption of wood pellet heating."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.5198\/jtlu.v2i1.69","article-title":"Mode choice of older people before and after shopping","volume":"2","author":"Su","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Transport and Land Use"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2005.11.004","article-title":"Understanding repetitive travel mode choice \u2013 A panel study approach","volume":"8","author":"Th\u00f8gersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916504272563","article-title":"Combining behavioral theories to predict recycling involvement","volume":"37","author":"Valle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environment & Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2009.05.006","article-title":"Car ownership as a mediating variable in car travel behaviour research using a structural equation modelling approach to identify its dual relationships","volume":"18","author":"Van Acker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Transport Geography"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2009.01.003","article-title":"When strike comes to town\u2026 anticipated and actual behavioural reactions to a one-day, pre-announced, complete rail strike in the Netherlands","volume":"43","author":"Van Exel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01951.x","article-title":"Reflections on past behavior: A self-report index of habit strength","volume":"33","author":"Verplanken","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(199709\/10)27:5<539::AID-EJSP831>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Habit, information acquisition, and the process of making travel mode choices","volume":"27","author":"Verplanken","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00583.x","article-title":"Attitudes versus general habit: Antecedents of travel mode choice","volume":"24","author":"Verplanken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006_b0275","unstructured":"Yo, C.-Y., & Muthen, B. (2001). Evaluation of model fit indices for latent variable models with categorical and continuous outcomes. Technical report in preparation."}],"container-title":["Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1369847811000076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1369847811000076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,4]],"date-time":"2018-12-04T10:56:06Z","timestamp":1543920966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1369847811000076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1369847811000076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trf.2011.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-8478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1369-8478","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]}}}