{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:04:03Z","timestamp":1790363043114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,10]],"date-time":"2009-01-10T06:11:02Z","timestamp":1231567862000},"page":"212-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Oral appliances in the management of temporomandibular disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Klasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib1","series-title":"The temporomandibular joint","first-page":"277","article-title":"Myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome: the evolution of concepts","author":"Greene","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib2","series-title":"The temporomandibular joint: a biologic basis for clinical practice","first-page":"298","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: the evolution of concepts","author":"Greene","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1947.0067","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of disturbances of the temporomandibular joint, especially in relation to vertical dimension","volume":"34","author":"Block","year":"1947","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(79)90062-3","article-title":"Role of condylar position in TMJ dysfunction-pain syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Weinberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib5","series-title":"The temporomandibular joint","first-page":"146","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: diagnosis and treatment","author":"Thompson","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(71)90234-4","article-title":"The temporomandibular joint syndrome and occlusion","volume":"25","author":"Posselt","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)03188-3","article-title":"Neuromuscular aspects of occlusion","volume":"23","author":"Jankelson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(79)90174-4","article-title":"Surgery for internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"42","author":"McCarty","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib9","first-page":"303","article-title":"Condylotomy in surgery of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"1","author":"Nickerson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1976.0419","article-title":"Response of patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome to mock equilibration","volume":"92","author":"Goodman","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1971.0085","article-title":"Meprobamate therapy for the myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome: a double-blind evaluation","volume":"82","author":"Greene","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1972.0416","article-title":"Influence of the doctor-patient relationship on placebo therapy for patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Laskin","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1972.0090","article-title":"Splint therapy for the myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome: a comparative study","volume":"84","author":"Greene","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(98)70158-1","article-title":"Occlusal adjustment and the incidence of demand for temporomandibular disorder treatment","volume":"79","author":"Kirveskari","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib15","first-page":"145","article-title":"Treatment of patients with functional disturbances in the masticatory system","volume":"4","author":"Magnusson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(70)90062-4","article-title":"Assessment of clinical treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction","volume":"24","author":"Zarb","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib17","first-page":"692","article-title":"Response to nonsurgical treatment of patients with positive radiographic findings in the temporomandibular joint","volume":"34","author":"Greene","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(93)90012-D","article-title":"Effects of intraoral appliance and biofeedback\/stress management alone and in combination in treating pain and depression in patients with temporomandibular disorders","volume":"70","author":"Turk","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90103-7","article-title":"Behavioral and educational modalities","volume":"83","author":"Dworkin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90070-1","article-title":"Brief group cognitive-behavioral intervention for temporomandibular disorders","volume":"59","author":"Dworkin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(88)90224-7","article-title":"Long-term treatment of disk-interference disorders of the temporomandibular joint with anterior repositioning occlusal splints","volume":"60","author":"Okeson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1986.0047","article-title":"Long-term results of treatment for temporomandibular disorders: an evaluation by patients","volume":"112","author":"Okeson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1974.0588","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of conservative treatment for myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Greene","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1983.0246","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of treatment for myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome: a comparative analysis","volume":"107","author":"Greene","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8177(88)73018-4","article-title":"Long-term status of TMJ clicking in patients with myofascial pain and dysfunction","volume":"117","author":"Greene","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1978.0387","article-title":"Follow-up evaluation of 105 patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Cohen","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1995.11678049","article-title":"Symptoms of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis and internal derangement 30 years after nonsurgical treatment","volume":"13","author":"de Leeuw","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(83)90355-4","article-title":"Long-term results of treatment for temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction","volume":"49","author":"Mejersjo","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1984.tb00579.x","article-title":"Analysis of factors influencing the long-term effect of treatment of TMJ pain-dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Mejersjo","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib30","first-page":"309","article-title":"Effectiveness of conservative treatment for craniomandibular disorders: a 2-year longitudinal study","volume":"8","author":"Garefis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib31","first-page":"255","article-title":"On the management of temporomandibular disorders: a plea for a low-tech, high-prudence therapeutic approach","volume":"13","author":"Stohler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib32","first-page":"80","article-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"4","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Craniomandib Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1992.0188","article-title":"Managing TMD patients: initial therapy is the key","volume":"123","author":"Greene","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411950060030601","article-title":"Pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease in the human temporomandibular joint","volume":"6","author":"Haskin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(97)90526-7","article-title":"Correlation between arthroscopic diagnosis of osteoarthritis and synovitis of the human temporomandibular joint and keratan sulfate levels in the synovial fluid","volume":"55","author":"Israel","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90027-M","article-title":"Nociception from skeletal muscle in relation to clinical muscle pain","volume":"54","author":"Mense","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib37","first-page":"273","article-title":"Muscle-related temporomandibular disorders","volume":"13","author":"Stohler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib38","first-page":"238","article-title":"The neural basis of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle pain","volume":"13","author":"Sessle","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.04.015","article-title":"Idiopathic pain disorders\u2014pathways of vulnerability","volume":"123","author":"Diatchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.05.024","article-title":"Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphisms are associated with multiple pain-evoking stimuli","volume":"125","author":"Diatchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi013","article-title":"Genetic basis for individual variations in pain perception and the development of a chronic pain condition","volume":"14","author":"Diatchenko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib42","series-title":"Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion","first-page":"532","article-title":"Occlusal appliance therapy","author":"Okeson","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1988.11678222","article-title":"Application of soft occlusal splints in patients suffering from clicking temporomandibular joints","volume":"6","author":"Harkins","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(85)90256-2","article-title":"Occlusal changes following use of soft occlusal splints","volume":"54","author":"Singh","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(98)70211-2","article-title":"A pilot study comparing the efficacy of hard and soft stabilizing appliances in treating patients with temporomandibular disorders","volume":"79","author":"Pettengill","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib46","first-page":"192","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of intraoral soft splints and palliative treatment for masticatory muscle pain","volume":"9","author":"Wright","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0348","article-title":"The efficacy of traditional, low-cost and nonsplint therapies for temporomandibular disorder: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Truelove","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1987.0165","article-title":"The effects of hard and soft occlusal splints on nocturnal bruxism","volume":"114","author":"Okeson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.1999.00421.x","article-title":"The immediate effect of hard and soft splints on the EMG activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles","volume":"26","author":"al-Quran","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib50","first-page":"e129","article-title":"Effect of occlusal splints on the electromyographic activities of masseter and temporal muscles during maximum clenching","volume":"38","author":"Savabi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1979.0348","article-title":"Nocturnal electromyographic evaluation of myofascial pain dysfunction in patients undergoing occlusal splint therapy","volume":"99","author":"Clark","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1981.tb00502.x","article-title":"Nocturnal masseter muscle activity and the symptoms of masticatory dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(78)90094-X","article-title":"Effect of occlusal splints on TMJ symptomatology","volume":"40","author":"Carraro","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2007.0326","article-title":"The incidence and severity of dental trauma in intercollegiate athletes","volume":"138","author":"Cohenca","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0118","article-title":"Using mouthguards to reduce the incidence and severity of sports-related oral injuries","volume":"137","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-004-0265-4","article-title":"Efficacy of stabilization splints for the management of patients with masticatory muscle pain: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Turp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(87)90024-2","article-title":"Influence of group function and canine guidance on electromyographic activity of elevator muscles","volume":"57","author":"Manns","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib58","first-page":"61","article-title":"The effects of different occlusal splints on the electromyographic activity of elevator muscles: a comparative study","volume":"7","author":"Manns","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gnathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(05)80183-0","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of group function and canine guidance interocclusal device on masseter muscle electromyographic activity in normal subjects","volume":"74","author":"Borromeo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0349","article-title":"The treatment of painful temporomandibular joint clicking with oral splints: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"137","author":"Conti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib61","first-page":"203","article-title":"Effects of canine versus molar occlusal splint guidance on nocturnal bruxism and craniomandibular symptomatology","volume":"3","author":"Rugh","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Craniomandib Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib62","first-page":"150","article-title":"Guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and management","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2001.11746178","article-title":"Migraine and tension-type headache reduction through pericranial muscular suppression: a preliminary report","volume":"19","author":"Shankland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350510019982","article-title":"Clinical comparison between two different splint designs for temporomandibular disorder therapy","volume":"63","author":"Jokstad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.04.021","article-title":"Anterior midline point stop device (AMPS) in the treatment of myogenous TMDs: comparison with the stabilization splint and control group","volume":"101","author":"al-Quran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib66","first-page":"11","article-title":"Treatment effect on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders\u2014comparison between stabilisation splint and a new type of splint (NTI)","volume":"28","author":"Magnusson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(72)90113-8","article-title":"Differentiation of temporomandibular joint dysfunction to simplify treatment","volume":"28","author":"Farrar","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90098-6","article-title":"The role of bioelectronic instrumentation in the documentation and management of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"83","author":"Cooper","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib69","series-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: an evidence based approach to diagnosis and treatment","first-page":"193","article-title":"The role of technology in TMD diagnosis","author":"Greene","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib70","first-page":"57","article-title":"Role of electronic devices in diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"59","author":"Mohl","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Y State Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(90)90106-M","article-title":"Devices for the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"63","author":"Mohl","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(90)90207-S","article-title":"Devices for the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"63","author":"Mohl","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4802527","article-title":"A bite guard for athletic training","volume":"129","author":"Bodenham","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib74","first-page":"278","article-title":"Muscular strength correlated to jaw posture and the temporomandibular joint","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Y State Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1981.0306","article-title":"Mandibular position and upper body strength: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"103","author":"Greenberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1984.0003","article-title":"Changes in shoulder and leg strength in athletes wearing mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliances","volume":"108","author":"Schubert","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1984.0026","article-title":"Effect of a mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance on muscular strength","volume":"108","author":"Yates","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib78","first-page":"148","article-title":"Occlusal splints (MORA) vs. placebos show no difference in strength in symptomatic subjects: double blind\/cross-over study","volume":"9","author":"Allen ME Walter","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can J Appl Sport Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib79","first-page":"81","article-title":"Gelb appliance: mandibular orthopedic repositioning therapy","volume":"1","author":"Gelb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cranio Clin Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(86)90393-8","article-title":"Loading on the temporomandibular joints with five occlusal conditions","volume":"56","author":"Ito","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2005.01557.x","article-title":"Pivot appliances\u2014is there a distractive effect on the temporomandibular joint?","volume":"34","author":"Seedorf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1974.0616","article-title":"The hydrostatic appliance: a new approach to treatment of the TMJ pain-dysfunction syndrome","volume":"89","author":"Lerman","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330430209","article-title":"The human mandible: lever or link?","volume":"43","author":"Hylander","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib84","series-title":"Temporomandibular disorders: an evidence based approach to diagnosis and treatment","first-page":"3","article-title":"Functional anatomy and biomechanics of the masticatory apparatus","author":"Hylander","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300509","article-title":"Quantitative polygraphic controlled study on efficacy and safety of oral splint devices in tooth-grinding subjects","volume":"83","author":"Dube","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib86","first-page":"58","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders","volume":"11","author":"Suvinen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib87","first-page":"48","article-title":"Relationships between risk factors and treatment outcome in a group of patients with temporomandibular disorders","volume":"10","author":"Krogstad","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1999.11746079","article-title":"A comparison of headache symptoms between two groups: a TMD group and a general dental practice group","volume":"17","author":"Pettengill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib89","first-page":"115","article-title":"Treatment outcome of headache after occlusal appliance therapy in a randomised controlled trial among patients with temporomandibular disorders of mainly arthrogenous origin","volume":"26","author":"Ekberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2002.02234.x","article-title":"Relief of tension-type headache symptoms in subjects with temporomandibular disorders treated with botulinum toxin-A","volume":"42","author":"Freund","year":"2002","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib91","first-page":"9","article-title":"The international classification of headache disorders","volume":"24","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib92","series-title":"The headaches","first-page":"593","article-title":"Oromandibular dysfunction and tension type headache","author":"Jensen","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600906","article-title":"Identification of a sleep bruxism subgroup with a higher risk of pain","volume":"86","author":"Rompre","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib94","first-page":"350","article-title":"Comparison of pain and quality of life in bruxers and patients with myofascial pain of the masticatory muscles","volume":"8","author":"Dao","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2006.01659.x","article-title":"Treatment outcome of short- and long-term appliance therapy in patients with TMD of myogenous origin and tension-type headache","volume":"33","author":"Ekberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib96","first-page":"34","article-title":"Disk derangement and dental occlusion: changing concepts","volume":"5","author":"Farrar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1986.tb02980.x","article-title":"Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"31","author":"Moloney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.1998.11746060","article-title":"The treatment of temporomandibular disorders through repositioning splint therapy: a follow-up study","volume":"16","author":"Williamson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(97)90094-9","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural progression of articular temporomandibular disorders","volume":"83","author":"de Bont","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)01339-8","article-title":"Nonsurgical management of disc-interference disorders","volume":"35","author":"Okeson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0222","article-title":"Centric relation: a historical and contemporary orthodontic perspective","volume":"137","author":"Rinchuse","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.03.019","article-title":"Articulators in orthodontics: an evidence-based perspective","volume":"129","author":"Rinchuse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(92)90300-Y","article-title":"The effect of a deprogrammer on the position of the terminal transverse horizontal axis of the mandible","volume":"68","author":"Kinderknecht","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2007.02.003","article-title":"Signs and symptoms related to temporomandibular disorders\u2014follow-up of subjects with shortened and complete dental arches","volume":"35","author":"Witter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/000348943404300101","article-title":"A syndrome of ear and sinus symptoms dependent upon disturbed function of the temporomandibular joint","volume":"43","author":"Costen","year":"1934","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3913(81)90426-1","article-title":"Vertical dimension: a study of clinical rest position and jaw muscle activity","volume":"45","author":"Rugh","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib107","first-page":"502","article-title":"Conventional and nonoccluding splint therapy compared for patients with myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Rubinoff","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gen Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90153-8","article-title":"The efficacy of oral splints in the treatment of myofascial pain of the jaw muscles: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Dao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2006.0347","article-title":"The treatment of temporomandibular disorders with stabilizing splints in general dental practice: one-year follow-up","volume":"137","author":"Wassell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4811420","article-title":"Treatment of temporomandibular disorders by stabilising splints in general dental practice: results after initial treatment","volume":"197","author":"Wassell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2005.01576.x","article-title":"The effect of oral splint devices on sleep bruxism: a 6-week observation with an ambulatory electromyographic recording device","volume":"33","author":"Harada","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib112","first-page":"151","article-title":"Controlled assessment of the efficacy of occlusal stabilization splints on sleep bruxism","volume":"19","author":"van der Zaag","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/00016359850136102","article-title":"Occlusal appliance therapy in patients with temporomandibular disorders","volume":"56","author":"Ekberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350410010063","article-title":"Treatment outcome of appliance therapy in temporomandibular disorder patients with myofascial pain after 6 and 12 months","volume":"62","author":"Ekberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib115","first-page":"133","article-title":"The efficacy of appliance therapy in patients with temporomandibular disorders of mainly myogenous origin","volume":"17","author":"Ekberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/000163502760148034","article-title":"Efficiency of occlusal appliance therapy in secondary otalgia and temporomandibular disorders","volume":"60","author":"Kuttila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2001.0173","article-title":"Widespread pain and the effectiveness of oral splints in myofascial face pain","volume":"132","author":"Raphael","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411980090030701","article-title":"Oral splints: the crutches for temporomandibular disorders and bruxism?","volume":"9","author":"Dao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"}],"container-title":["Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S107921040800735X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S107921040800735X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T11:18:37Z","timestamp":1684840717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S107921040800735X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S107921040800735X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.10.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1079-2104"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1079-2104","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}