{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T04:23:06Z","timestamp":1775708586251,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transplantation Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T22:44:25Z","timestamp":1617921865000},"page":"100614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Gender and race\/ethnicity differences in living kidney donor demographics: Preference or disparity?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Lainie Friedman","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Richard","family":"Thistlethwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0005","first-page":"166","article-title":"Successful homotransplantation of the kidney in an identical twin","volume":"67","author":"Merill","year":"1956","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196409000-00010","article-title":"Proceedings: human kidney transplant conference","volume":"2","author":"Murray","year":"1964","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-196707000-00044","article-title":"Fifth report of the human kidney transplant registry","volume":"5","author":"Murray","year":"1967","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03260070045021","article-title":"The 12th report of the human renal transplant registry","volume":"233","author":"Advisory Committee to the Renal Transplant Registry","year":"1975","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0025","author":"OPTN (Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013010049","article-title":"The effect of race and income on living kidney donation in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Gill","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04211.x","article-title":"Income of living kidney donors and the income difference between living kidney donors and their recipients in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Gill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2018-104762","article-title":"Developing an ethics framework for living donor transplantation","volume":"44","author":"Ross","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0045","series-title":"The National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC). Ethical and policy issues in research involving human participants volume ii commissioned papers and staff analysis","first-page":"G1","article-title":"Vulnerability in research subjects: a bioethical taxonomy","author":"Kipnis","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024646912928","article-title":"Seven vulnerabilities in the pediatric research subject","volume":"24","author":"Kipnis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theor Med Bioeth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180117000433","article-title":"The prisoner as living organ donor","volume":"27","author":"Ross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Camb Q Healthc Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.181","article-title":"Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Carrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.33590\/emj\/10312319","article-title":"The role of gender in chronic kidney disease","volume":"1","author":"Goldberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002655","article-title":"Equally interchangeable? How sex and gender affect transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Melk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508103330601","article-title":"High survival rates of kidney transplants from spousal and living unrelated donors","volume":"333","author":"Terasaki","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1159\/000087920","article-title":"Kidney transplantation and gender disparity","volume":"25","author":"Jindal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0085","series-title":"The gender pay gap: equal work, unequal pay (in the headlines)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2018.1523823","article-title":"Couples\u2019 employment after spousal kidney donation","volume":"57","author":"Frech","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Work Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0095","first-page":"9","article-title":"The 13th report of the human renal transplant registry","volume":"9","author":"Advisory Committee to the Renal Transplant Registry","year":"1977","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.03.004","article-title":"Eliminating racial disparities in access to living donor kidney transplantation: how can centers do better?","volume":"59","author":"Reese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0105","author":"United States Census Bureau"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.11.043","article-title":"The motivations and experiences of living kidney donors: a thematic synthesis","volume":"60","author":"Tong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0115","series-title":"Gift of life: The effect of organ transplantation on individual, family, and societal dynamics","author":"Simmons","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-4449(98)70002-0","article-title":"Kidney transplants from living donors: how donation affects family dynamics","volume":"5","author":"Jacobs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv Ren Replace Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200201270-00017","article-title":"Gender imbalance in living donor renal transplantation","volume":"73","author":"Kayler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.06.049","article-title":"Influence of donor and recipient gender on early graft function after living donor kidney transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Oh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09330916","article-title":"A kidney graft survival calculator that accounts for mismatches in age, sex, HLA, and body size","volume":"12","author":"Ashby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21500","article-title":"For the adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation cohort study group. Outcomes of living donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure: the adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Campsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017111160","article-title":"The change in living kidney donation in women and men in the United States (2005\u20132015): a population-based analysis","volume":"29","author":"Gill","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl069","article-title":"The direct and indirect economic costs incurred by living kidney donors\u2014a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13173","article-title":"Consensus conference on best practices in live kidney donation: recommendations to optimize education, access, and care","volume":"15","author":"LaPointe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01492.x","article-title":"Limiting financial disincentives in live organ donation: a rational solution to the kidney shortage","volume":"6","author":"Gaston","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw429","article-title":"Long-term risks of kidney living donation: review and position paper by the ERA-EDTA DESCARTES working group","volume":"32","author":"Maggiore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07121009","article-title":"Health insurance status of US living kidney donors","volume":"5","author":"Gibney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (CJASN)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2011.01558.x","article-title":"Lack of health Insurance in Living Kidney Donors","volume":"26","author":"Casagrande","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0180","first-page":"147","article-title":"Gender differences in the utilization of health care services","volume":"49","author":"Bertakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2010.02.070278","article-title":"Health literacy instrument in family medicine: the \u2018Newest Vital Sign\u2019 ease of use and correlates","volume":"23","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2017.1377322","article-title":"Health literacy among medically underserved: the role of demographic factors, social influence, and religious beliefs","volume":"22","author":"Christy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Health Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0195","first-page":"493","article-title":"A life course approach to health literacy: the role of gender, educational attainment and lifetime cognitive capability","volume":"46","author":"Clouston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408932","article-title":"Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in living kidney donors","volume":"372","author":"Garg","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13453","article-title":"Risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy in living kidney donors: a matched cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62484-3","article-title":"Living kidney donation: outcomes, ethics and uncertainty","volume":"385","author":"Reese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0215","first-page":"15198","article-title":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 42 DFR Parts 405, 482, 488 and 498. Medicare Program; Hospital Conditions of Participation: Requirements for approval and re-approval of transplant centers to perform organ transplants; Final Rule","volume":"72","author":"Department of Health and Human Services Part II","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016050571","article-title":"Understanding and communicating medical risks for living kidney donors: a matter of perspective","volume":"28","author":"Lentine","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol (JASN)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.15.2349","article-title":"Sex inequality in kidney transplantation rates","volume":"160","author":"Schaubel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19152","article-title":"Association of race and ethnicity with live donor kidney transplantation in the United States from 1995 to 2014","volume":"319","author":"Purnell","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0235","series-title":"Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care","author":"Institute of Medicine (IOM)","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000479480","article-title":"Health disparities in kidney transplantation for African Americans","volume":"46","author":"Harding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.4.518","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"21","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.168005","article-title":"Ethnic differences in hypertension incidence among middle-aged and older adults: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Carson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02963.x","article-title":"Understanding disparities in transplantation: do social networks provide the missing clue?","volume":"10","author":"Ladin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03040410","article-title":"Barriers to living donor kidney transplantation among black or older transplant candidates","volume":"5","author":"Weng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (CJASN)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000232693.69773.42","article-title":"Racial disparities in living kidney donation: is there a lack of willing donors or an excess of medically unsuitable candidates?","volume":"82","author":"Lunsford","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.117","article-title":"Influence of race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status on kidney disease","volume":"8","author":"Patzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032","article-title":"Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans","volume":"329","author":"Genovese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013010113","article-title":"APOL1 variants associate with increased risk of CKD among African Americans","volume":"24","author":"Foster","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol (JASN)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310345","article-title":"APOL1 risk variants, race, and progression of chronic kidney disease","volume":"369","author":"Parsa","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2531-7","article-title":"The impact of APOL1, CAV1, and ABCB1 gene variants on outcomes in kidney transplantation: donor and recipient effects","volume":"29","author":"Palanisamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03513.x","article-title":"The APOL1 gene and allograft survival after kidney transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Reeves-Daniel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.460","article-title":"Long-term risks for kidney donors","volume":"86","author":"Mj\u00f8en","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.285141","article-title":"Risk of end-stage renal disease following live kidney donation","volume":"311","author":"Muzaale","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924816654608","article-title":"Introducing genetic tests with uncertain implications in living donor kidney transplantation: ApoL1 as a case study","volume":"26","author":"Ross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.21297","article-title":"Why hemodialysis patients fail to complete the transplantation process","volume":"37","author":"Alexander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0628-7","article-title":"Promoting access to renal transplantation: the role of social support networks in completing pre-transplant evaluations","volume":"23","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0270-8","article-title":"Inter- and intrapersonal barriers to living donor kidney transplant among black recipients and donors","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09920917","article-title":"Awareness of racial disparities in kidney transplantation among health care providers in dialysis","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (CJASN)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0800-6","article-title":"Dialysis facility staff perceptions of racial, gender, and age disparities in access to renal transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Lipford","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08880812","article-title":"Modifiable patient characteristics and racial disparities in evaluation completion and living donor transplant","volume":"8","author":"Waterman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (CJASN)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04207.x","article-title":"Disparities in provision of transplant education by profit status of the dialysis center","volume":"12","author":"Balhara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.12803","article-title":"Association between Dialysis facility ownership and access to kidney transplantation","volume":"322","author":"Gander","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0355","series-title":"Fed Reg","first-page":"20369","article-title":"Conditions for coverage for end-stage renal disease facilities; final rule","volume":"73","author":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Medicare and Medicaid Programs","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09851014","article-title":"Assessing transplant education practices in dialysis centers: comparing educator reported and medicare data","volume":"10","author":"Waterman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.10.022","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 beliefs about racial differences in referral for renal transplantation","volume":"43","author":"Ayanian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003137","article-title":"Summary of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline on the evaluation and management of candidates for kidney transplantation","volume":"104","author":"Chadban","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11220918","article-title":"Risks of living kidney donation: current state of knowledge on outcomes important to donors","volume":"14","author":"Lentine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol (CJASN)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.05.029","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in presentation, etiology and outcomes of acute liver failure in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Forde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000165","article-title":"Making house calls increases living donor inquiries and evaluations for blacks on the kidney transplant waiting list","volume":"98","author":"Rodrigue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2009.10.010","article-title":"Addressing racial\/ethnic disparities in live donor kidney transplantation: priorities for research and intervention","volume":"30","author":"Waterman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924816661332","article-title":"Concern for lost income following donation deters some patients from talking to potential living donors","volume":"26","author":"Rodrigue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018040398","article-title":"Financial costs incurred by living kidney donors: a prospective cohort study and on behalf of the Donor Nephrectomy Outcomes Research (DONOR) network","volume":"29","author":"Przech","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000428","article-title":"From potential donor to actual donation: does socioeconomic position affect living kidney donation? A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"98","author":"Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0410","first-page":"70139","article-title":"Proposed rule: removing financial disincentives to living organ donation","volume":"84","author":"Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0415","first-page":"59438","article-title":"Final rule: removing financial disincentives to living organ donation. 42 CFR 121","volume":"85","author":"Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0420","series-title":"National action plan to improve health literacy","author":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0425","series-title":"Promoting health literacy to encourage prevention and wellness: Workshop summary","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0430","series-title":"Health literacy: A prescription to end confusion","author":"Institute of Medicine Committee on Health Literacy","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008030276","article-title":"Race, gender, and socioeconomic disparities in CKD in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Norris","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0440","article-title":"Accuracy of dialysis medical records in determining patient interest in and suitability for transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Humi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14173","article-title":"Integrating APOL1 gene variants into renal transplantation: considerations arising from the American Society of Transplantation Expert Conference","volume":"17","author":"Newell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924818817048","article-title":"A national survey of transplant surgeons and nephrologists on implementing apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genetic testing into clinical practice","volume":"29","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924819892917","article-title":"Variation of ApoL1 testing practices for living kidney donors","volume":"30","author":"McIntosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"}],"container-title":["Transplantation Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955470X21000203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0955470X21000203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T16:06:21Z","timestamp":1760630781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0955470X21000203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0955470X21000203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614","relation":{},"ISSN":["0955-470X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0955-470X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender and race\/ethnicity differences in living kidney donor demographics: Preference or disparity?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Transplantation Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trre.2021.100614","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100614"}}