{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:24:52Z","timestamp":1787898292925,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA023074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA023074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","translationalres.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Translational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T21:04:32Z","timestamp":1673471072000},"page":"56-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Genetically engineered human pituitary corticotroph tumor organoids exhibit divergent responses to glucocorticoid receptor modulators"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Saptarshi","family":"Mallick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayati","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Eschbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas G.","family":"Moraitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Greenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Churko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin W.","family":"Pond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Livolsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis A.","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.J.","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1266-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yana","family":"Zavros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0001","first-page":"539","article-title":"Posterior pituitary activity from an anatomical standpoint","volume":"9","author":"Cushing","year":"1933","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1994.tb00097.x","article-title":"The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism)","volume":"2","author":"Cushing","year":"1932","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2018.01.002","article-title":"Outcomes of Pituitary Radiation for Cushing's Disease","volume":"47","author":"Ironside","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1705984","article-title":"Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome","volume":"377","author":"Loriaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09703-7","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors","volume":"33","author":"Asa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Nishioka, S. Yamada and Cushing\u2019s Disease, J Clin Med, 2019;8(11):2\u201356.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111951"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3126","article-title":"Medical treatment of Cushing's disease","volume":"98","author":"Feelders","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac265","article-title":"The effect of endogenous cushing syndrome on all-cause and cause-specific mortality","volume":"107","author":"Limumpornpetch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02380.x","article-title":"Long-term remission rates after pituitary surgery for Cushing's disease: the need for long-term surveillance","volume":"63","author":"Atkinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1880","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1987","article-title":"Preoperative normalization of cortisol levels in Cushing's disease after medical treatment: consequences for somatostatin and dopamine receptor subtype expression and in vitro response to somatostatin analogs and dopamine agonists","volume":"98","author":"van der Pas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.JNS13642","article-title":"Cushing's disease and stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"119","author":"Kondziolka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.7.JNS13389","article-title":"Effect of stereotactic radiosurgery before bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease on the incidence of Nelson's syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3350","article-title":"Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116671002","article-title":"Genomic and Nongenomic Effects of Mifepristone at the Cardiovascular Level: a review","volume":"24","author":"Feiteiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.389","article-title":"Assessment of safety, tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological effect of orally administered CORT125134: an adaptive, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 1 Clinical Study","volume":"7","author":"Hunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00162","volume":"60","author":"Hunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0017","article-title":"SUN-463 Tumor shrinkage with preoperative relacorilant therapy in two patients with Cushing Disease due to Pituitary Macroadenomas","author":"Massimo Terzolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"3(Suppl 1): SUN-463, J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0018","article-title":"Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Upregulates Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Expression in ACTH-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumors: new insight based on the selective Glucocorticoid receptor modulator Relacorilant","volume":"12","author":"Pivonello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00648","article-title":"Medical treatment of Cushing's disease: an overview of the current and recent clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Pivonello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163940","article-title":"Biological and biochemical basis of the differential efficacy of first and second generation somatostatin receptor ligands in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms","volume":"20","author":"Gatto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1000094","article-title":"Pasireotide alone or with cabergoline and ketoconazole in Cushing's disease","volume":"362","author":"Feelders","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30326-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-monthly pasireotide in Cushing's disease: a 12 month clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Lacroix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105743","article-title":"A 12-month phase 3 study of pasireotide in Cushing's disease","volume":"366","author":"Colao","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.173","article-title":"Generation of adult human induced pluripotent stem cells using nonviral minicircle DNA vectors","volume":"6","author":"Narsinh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2010.01406.x","article-title":"The role of germline AIP, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B and CDKN2C mutations in causing pituitary adenomas in a large cohort of children, adolescents, and patients with genetic syndromes","volume":"78","author":"Stratakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.20","article-title":"Recurrent gain-of-function USP8 mutations in Cushing's disease","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3166","article-title":"Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease","volume":"47","author":"Reincke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2455","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa969","article-title":"Genomics in Cushing's Disease: The Dawn of a New Era","volume":"106","author":"Reincke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213344","article-title":"Development of human Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Organoids to facilitate effective targeted treatments of Cushing's Disease","volume":"11","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2018.09.008","article-title":"An Organoid-based preclinical model of human Gastric Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Steele","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.05.006","article-title":"Indian Hedgehog mediates gastrin-induced proliferation in stomach of adult mice","volume":"147","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42522","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042522","article-title":"Nuclear morphometric analysis (NMA): screening of senescence, apoptosis and nuclear irregularities","volume":"7","author":"Filippi-Chiela","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05275-5","article-title":"Identification of recurrent USP48 and BRAF mutations in Cushing's disease","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2016.05.005","article-title":"Derivation of diverse hormone-releasing Pituitary cells from Human Pluripotent stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Zimmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00006.2006","article-title":"Molecular physiology of pituitary development: signaling and transcriptional networks","volume":"87","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2017-00364","article-title":"USP8 Mutations in Pituitary cushing adenomas-targeted analysis by next-generation sequencing","volume":"2","author":"Ballmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1487","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1016","article-title":"Germline and somatic DICER1 mutations in a pituitary blastoma causing infantile-onset Cushing's disease","volume":"99","author":"Sahakitrungruang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1400429","article-title":"A new mutation of the MEN1 gene in an italian kindred with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1","volume":"140","author":"Cetani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1566-8","article-title":"Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: analysis of germline MEN1 mutations in the Italian multicenter MEN1 patient database","volume":"62","author":"Marini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1101859","article-title":"AIP mutation in pituitary adenomas","volume":"364","author":"Cazabat","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E663","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2291","article-title":"Germline AIP mutations in apparently sporadic pituitary adenomas: prevalence in a prospective single-center cohort of 443 patients","volume":"97","author":"Cazabat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz109","article-title":"Driver mutations in USP8 wild-type Cushing's disease","volume":"21","author":"Sbiera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201643124","article-title":"Gli1-induced deubiquitinase USP48 aids glioblastoma tumorigenesis by stabilizing Gli1","volume":"18","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2138fje","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog regulates CRH signal transduction in the adult pituitary","volume":"19","author":"Vila","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1014","article-title":"Expression and function of sonic hedgehog pathway components in pituitary adenomas: evidence for a direct role in hormone secretion and cell proliferation","volume":"90","author":"Vila","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001238","article-title":"USP8 promotes smoothened signaling by preventing its ubiquitination and changing its subcellular localization","volume":"10","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24928","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24928","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling activation induces stem cell proliferation and hormone release in the adult pituitary gland","volume":"6","author":"Pyczek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394622-5.00003-1","article-title":"Noncanonical Hedgehog signaling","volume":"88","author":"Brennan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vitam Horm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.05.007","article-title":"Canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signalling and the control of metabolism","volume":"33","author":"Teperino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6544","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-01453-2","article-title":"Crosstalk between Hedgehog pathway and the glucocorticoid receptor pathway as a basis for combination therapy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"39","author":"Bongiovanni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2012.148","article-title":"Sonic Hedgehog contributes to gastric mucosal restitution after injury","volume":"93","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.11.002","article-title":"Loss of Parietal Cell Expression of Sonic Hedgehog Induces Hypergastrinemia and Hyperproliferation of surface Mucous Cells","volume":"138","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.3.377","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling is required for pituitary gland development","volume":"128","author":"Treier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0055","first-page":"81","article-title":"SOX2 mediates crosstalk between Sonic Hedgehog and the Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling pathway to promote proliferation of pituitary adenoma cells","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0388","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling in endocrine and folliculo-stellate cells of the adult pituitary","volume":"248","author":"Botermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1843","article-title":"Changes in plasma ACTH levels and corticotroph tumor size in patients with Cushing's disease during long-term treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone","volume":"99","author":"Fleseriu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0334","article-title":"Cell growth inhibition and functioning of human somatostatin receptor type 2 are modulated by receptor heterodimerization","volume":"22","author":"Grant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01125.x","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor biology in neuroendocrine and pituitary tumours: part 1\u2013molecular pathways","volume":"14","author":"Cakir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1266","article-title":"Coexpression of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 affects internalization and trafficking of somatostatin receptor subtype 2","volume":"148","author":"Sharif","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2010.09.008","article-title":"Steroid hormone receptors in cancer development: a target for cancer therapeutics","volume":"300","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-21-4363","article-title":"Overcoming Taxane resistance: preclinical and Phase 1 studies of Relacorilant, a selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist, with Nab-Paclitaxel in Solid Tumors","author":"Munster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27989","article-title":"Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism promotes apoptosis in solid tumor cells","volume":"12","author":"Greenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3390\/cells2020202","article-title":"Tissue-specific actions of glucocorticoids on apoptosis: a double-edged sword","volume":"2","author":"Gruver-Yates","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3816","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123816","article-title":"Murine- and Human-Derived Autologous Organoid\/Immune Cell Co-Cultures as pre-clinical models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Holokai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.12.021","article-title":"Organoid models of human and mouse ductal pancreatic cancer","volume":"160","author":"Boj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0349","article-title":"Organoid profiling identifies common responders to Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Tiriac","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0068","first-page":"1180","article-title":"A human pituitary tumor-derived folliculostellate cell line","volume":"85","author":"Danila","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(87)90274-6","article-title":"Bombesin stimulates prolactin secretion from cultured rat pituitary tumour cells (GH4C1) via activation of phospholipase C","volume":"19","author":"Bjoro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01116578","article-title":"The mechanisms by which vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulate prolactin release from pituitary cells","volume":"10","author":"Bjoro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-115-2-556","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor stimulates growth hormone secretion from superfused rat adenohypophyseal fragments","volume":"115","author":"Ikeda","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7207","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S112566","article-title":"Monitoring the effects of doxorubicin on 3D-spheroid tumor cells in real-time","volume":"9","author":"Baek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0462","article-title":"Organoids from pituitary as a novel research model toward pituitary stem cell exploration","volume":"240","author":"Cox","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100052118","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is an activator of pituitary stem cells upon local damage, a competence quenched in the aging gland","volume":"118","author":"Vennekens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/63431","article-title":"Development of Organoids from Mouse Pituitary as In Vitro Model to Explore Pituitary Stem Cell Biology","author":"Laporte","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-21-0374","article-title":"Exploring stem cell biology in pituitary tumors and derived organoids","volume":"Jun 17 29(7)","author":"Nys","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0077","unstructured":"NCI Dictionaries. Organoid. Available at: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/organoid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470942390.mo130179","article-title":"Establishment of Gastrointestinal Epithelial Organoids","volume":"3","author":"Mahe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Protocols Mouse Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.283028","article-title":"The use of murine-derived fundic organoids in studies of gastric physiology","volume":"593","author":"Schumacher","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2021.102223","article-title":"Isolation of PRRX1-positive adult pituitary stem\/progenitor cells from the marginal cell layer of the mouse anterior lobe","volume":"52","author":"Shintani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0025-x","article-title":"Phenotypical and Pharmacological characterization of stem-like cells in Human Pituitary Adenomas","volume":"54","author":"Wurth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00054","article-title":"Experimental evidence and clinical implications of Pituitary Adenoma stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Wurth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.009","article-title":"Hypothalamic contribution to pituitary functions is recapitulated in vitro using 3d-cultured human iPS cells","volume":"30","author":"Kasai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00745","article-title":"Stem cells in pituitary tumors: experimental evidence supporting their existence and their role in Tumor clinical behavior","volume":"10","author":"Mantovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2021.0354","article-title":"Pituitary lineage differentiation from human-induced pluripotent stem cells in 2D and 3D cultures","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103294","article-title":"A human ACTH-secreting corticotroph tumoroid model: novel human ACTH-Secreting Tumor Cell in vitro Model","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"}],"container-title":["Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931524423000026?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931524423000026?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T12:47:45Z","timestamp":1761828465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1931524423000026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S1931524423000026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.09.07.506977","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1931-5244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-5244","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genetically engineered human pituitary corticotroph tumor organoids exhibit divergent responses to glucocorticoid receptor modulators","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Translational Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trsl.2023.01.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}