{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:33:52Z","timestamp":1792154032655,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,24]],"date-time":"2008-05-24T08:54:20Z","timestamp":1211619260000},"page":"875-882","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["A real-time PCR assay to estimate Leishmania chagasi load in its natural sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Shalindra","family":"Ranasinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.C.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhayza D.C.","family":"Maingon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1933-1938.2000","article-title":"Detection and identification of Leishmania DNA within naturally infected sand flies by seminested PCR on minicircle kinetoplastic DNA","volume":"66","author":"Aransay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib2","first-page":"104","article-title":"Estimation of population at risk of infection with leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Ashford","year":"1991","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1179\/136485906X78454","article-title":"Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) alexandri: a probable vector of Leishmania infantum in Iran","volume":"100","author":"Azizi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.2002.00340.x","article-title":"The period gene and genetic differentiation between three Brazilian populations of Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"11","author":"Bauzer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2307\/3279142","article-title":"A simple monophasic medium for axenic culture of hemoflagellates","volume":"62","author":"Berens","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5080-5084.2003","article-title":"Real-time PCR assay for clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"41","author":"Bossolasco","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.4.828-831.2001","article-title":"Real-time PCR as a new tool for quantifying Leishmania infantum in liver in infected mice","volume":"8","author":"Bretagne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2004.11.013","article-title":"Leishmania chagasi\/infantum: further investigations on Leishmania tropisms in atypical cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis foci in Central America","volume":"109","author":"Campos-Ponce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.37","article-title":"A ribosomal RNA probe differentiates member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex","volume":"37","author":"Collins","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.11.010","article-title":"Natural infection of Lutzomyia neivai with Leishmania spp. in North Western Argentina","volume":"98","author":"C\u00f3rdoba-Lan\u00fas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.09.002","article-title":"Epidemiological monitoring of American tegumentary leishmaniasis: molecular characterization of a periodomestic transmission cycle in the Amazonian lowlands of Bolivia","volume":"101","author":"Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.138","article-title":"Short report: surveillance of Leishmania spp. among sand flies in Sicily (Italy) using a fluorogenic real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"72","author":"G\u00f3mez-Salad\u00edn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000100008","article-title":"Multiplex-PCR for detection of natural Leishmania infection in Lutzomyia spp. captured in an endemic region for cutaneous leishmaniasis in State of Sucre, Venezuela","volume":"100","author":"Jorquera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5176","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5176-5182.2000","article-title":"Evolution of lesion formation, parasite load, immune response, and reservoir potential in C57BL\/6 mice following high- and low-dose challenge with Leishmania major","volume":"68","author":"Lira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib15","first-page":"402","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394Ct method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.10.003","article-title":"The Lutzomyia longipalpis species complex: does population sub-structure matter to Leishmania transmission?","volume":"24","author":"Maingon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.06.028","article-title":"Leishmania DNA load and cytokine expression levels in asymptomatic naturally infected dogs","volume":"142","author":"Manna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.08.005","article-title":"Pool screen PCR for estimating the prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection in sandflies (Diptera: Nematocera, Phlebotomidae)","volume":"100","author":"Martin-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5249","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5249-5255.2004","article-title":"Quantification of Leishmania infantum DNA by a real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity","volume":"42","author":"Mary","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.681","article-title":"Characterization of natural antimony resistance in Leishmania donovani isolates","volume":"76","author":"Mittal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/20.5.568","article-title":"A simple technique for mass rearing Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the laboratory","volume":"20","author":"Modi","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00189-4","article-title":"Comparative vectorial efficiency of Lutzomyia evansi and Lu. longipalpis for trnasmitting Leishmania chagasi","volume":"85","author":"Montoya-Lerma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1666-1669.2002","article-title":"Real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of Leishmania in mouse tissues","volume":"40","author":"Nicolas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.55.98","article-title":"Appraisal of various random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction primers for Leishmania identification","volume":"55","author":"Noyes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2007.06.005","article-title":"Leishmania DNA is rapidly degraded following parasite death: an analysis by microscopy and real-time PCR","volume":"9","author":"Prina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030091","article-title":"Leishmania manipulation of sand fly feeding behavior results in enhanced transmission","volume":"3","author":"Rogers","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001439","article-title":"The role of the promastigote secretory gel in the origin and transmission of the infective stage of Leishmania mexicana by the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis","volume":"124","author":"Rogers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02675","article-title":"Transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis by sand flies is enhanced by regurgitation of fPPG","volume":"430","author":"Rogers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.04.013","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA by FRET-based real-time PCR in urine from dogs with natural clinical leishmaniosis","volume":"147","author":"Solano-Gallego","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00046-7","article-title":"Leishmania tropica in the black rat (Rattus rattus): persistence and transmission from asymptomatic host to sand fly vector Phlebotomus sergenti","volume":"5","author":"Svodov\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5560","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5560-5566.2005","article-title":"Quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based assay as a new molecular tool for detection and quantification of Leishmania parasites in skin biopsy samples","volume":"43","author":"Van der Meide","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.926","article-title":"The effect of post-blood-meal nutrition of Phlebotomus papatasi on the transmission of Leishmania major","volume":"35","author":"Warburg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib34","first-page":"60","article-title":"Polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Phlebotominae)","author":"Watts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.583","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of leishmaniasis by fluorogenic polymerase chain reaction","volume":"65","author":"Wortmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/102\/9\/875\/18143233\/102-9-875.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T22:59:49Z","timestamp":1588719589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0035920308001491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}}}