{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:13:03Z","timestamp":1791162783260,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T06:13:56Z","timestamp":1224828836000},"page":"653-660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Paromomycin"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margriet","family":"den Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koert","family":"Ritmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib1","first-page":"684","article-title":"A study of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in white mice [in Russian]","volume":"30","author":"Kellina","year":"1961","journal-title":"Med Parazitol (Mosk)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1968.11686529","article-title":"The effect of antibiotics of the neomycin group on experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"62","author":"Neal","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.5.577","article-title":"The sensitivity of Leishmania species to aminosidine","volume":"35","author":"Neal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90263-E","article-title":"Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya by aminosidine alone or combined with sodium stibogluconate","volume":"84","author":"Chunge","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90151-2","article-title":"Aminosidine (paromomycin) in the treatment of leishmaniasis imported into the United Kingdom","volume":"86","author":"Scott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90150-B","article-title":"Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) with aminosidine (= paromomycin)\u2013antimonial combinations, a pilot study in Bihar, India","volume":"86","author":"Thakur","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.715","article-title":"Epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan: a randomized trial of aminosidine plus sodium stibogluconate versus sodium stibogluconate alone","volume":"168","author":"Seaman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.02.013","article-title":"TDR collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry","volume":"100","author":"Gutteridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90503-0","article-title":"Aminosidine plus sodium stibogluconate for the treatment of Indian kala-azar: a randomized dose-finding clinical trial","volume":"89","author":"Thakur","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90131-7","article-title":"Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with injectable paromomycin (aminosidine). An open-label randomized phase-II clinical study","volume":"94","author":"Thakur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90130-5","article-title":"A prospective randomized, comparative, open-label trial of the safety and efficacy of paromomycin (aminosidine) plus sodium stibogluconate versus sodium stibogluconate alone for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"94","author":"Thakur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7139.1200","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of aminosidine (paromomycin) v sodium stibogluconate for treating visceral leishmaniasis in North Bihar, India","volume":"316","author":"Jha","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.2.170","article-title":"In vivo activity of paromomycin against susceptible and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium complex strains","volume":"38","author":"Kanyok","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.12.3285-3287.2000","article-title":"Early bactericidal activity of paromomycin (aminosidine) in patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"44","author":"Donald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050232","article-title":"Biochemical alterations in paromomycin-treated Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"83","author":"Maarouf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/14.5.463","article-title":"An in-vitro system for determining the activity of compounds against the intracellular amastigote form of Leishmania donovani","volume":"14","author":"Neal","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(92)90042-V","article-title":"An in vitro model for screening antileishmanial drugs: the human leukaemia monocyte cell line, THP-1","volume":"51","author":"Gebre-Hiwot","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1998052167","article-title":"Development and characterization of paromomycin-resistant Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"5","author":"Maarouf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813054","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of reference antileishmanial agents in murine visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum","volume":"90","author":"Buffet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.2.287","article-title":"Efficacy of aminosidine administered alone or in combination with meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum","volume":"40","author":"Gangneux","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00014-9","article-title":"Comparison of aminosidine (paromomycin) and sodium stibogluconate for treatment of canine leishmaniasis","volume":"71","author":"Poli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.58.448","article-title":"Clinical recovery and limited cure in canine visceral leishmaniasis treated with aminosidine (paromomycin)","volume":"58","author":"Vexenat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1998.tb03358.x","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of free and non-ionic-surfactant vesicular formulations of paromomycin in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"50","author":"Williams","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1991.11812568","article-title":"Leishmania major: resistance of promastigotes to paromomycin, and susceptibility of amastigotes to paromomycin\u2013methylbenzethonium chloride ointment","volume":"85","author":"el-On","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.758","article-title":"Paromomycin resistance in Leishmania tropica: lack of correlation with mutation in the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene","volume":"51","author":"Fong","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90106-6","article-title":"Aminosidine and its combination with sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopica","volume":"88","author":"Teklemariam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.5.982","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered aminosidine in healthy subjects","volume":"41","author":"Kanyok","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066536","article-title":"Injectable paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis in India","volume":"356","author":"Sundar","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib29","unstructured":"Kshirsagar S, Mordenti J, Blaschke T. Clinical pharmacokinetics of paromomycin sulfate in Indian visceral leishmaniasis patients. In: 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC); 27\u201330 September 2006; San Francisco, CA. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2006, poster A-1105."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib30","first-page":"155","article-title":"A new breakthrough in treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children","volume":"45","author":"Hassan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.89","article-title":"Treatment of kala-azar in southern Sudan using a 17-day regimen of sodium stibogluconate combined with paromomycin: a retrospective comparison with 30-day sodium stibogluconate monotherapy","volume":"77","author":"Melaku","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.1.73-79.2006","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo interactions between miltefosine and other antileishmanial drugs","volume":"50","author":"Seifert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90235-6","article-title":"Limited efficacy of injectable aminosidine as single-agent therapy for Colombian cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"88","author":"Soto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90237-2","article-title":"Aminosidine (paromomycin) versus sodium stibogluconate for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"88","author":"Hepburn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6497.704","article-title":"Topical treatment of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis with ointment containing paromomycin and methylbenzethonium chloride","volume":"291","author":"el-On","year":"1985","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2006.02182.x","article-title":"Comparison between the efficacy of photodynamic therapy and topical paromomycin in the treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Asilian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X16372","article-title":"Efficacy of paromomycin ointment in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: results of a double-blind, randomized trial in Isfahan, Iran","volume":"99","author":"Iraji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib38","first-page":"85","article-title":"Comparison of topical paromomycin sulfate (twice\/day) with intralesional meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major","volume":"15","author":"Shazad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib39","first-page":"353","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with aminosidine (paromomycin) ointment: double-blind, randomized trial in the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"81","author":"Asilian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01169.x","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with either topical paromomycin or intralesional meglumine antimoniate","volume":"28","author":"Faghihi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.162","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Tunisia treating cutaneous leishmaniasis with paromomycin ointment","volume":"53","author":"Ben Salah","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70175-F","article-title":"Topical treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major: a double-blind control study","volume":"27","author":"el-On","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90146-6","article-title":"A double-blind clinical trial of the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with paromomycin ointment","volume":"84","author":"el-Safi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.648","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a two-week regimen of aminosidine (paromomycin) ointment for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran","volume":"53","author":"Asilian","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90290-X","article-title":"Non-ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis in Honduras fails to respond to topical paromomycin","volume":"91","author":"Neva","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.466","article-title":"Randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with paromomycin plus methylbenzethonium chloride ointment in Guatemala","volume":"65","author":"Arana","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02597.x","article-title":"Comparing the efficiency of topical paromomycin with intralesional meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"44","author":"Moosavi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.03.009","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of two topical paromomycin treatments versus meglumine antimoniate for New World cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"91","author":"Armijos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1086\/516267","article-title":"Topical paromomycin\/methylbenzethonium chloride plus parenteral meglumine antimonate as treatment for American cutaneous leishmaniasis: controlled study","volume":"26","author":"Soto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00022.x","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of topical paromomycin versus oral ketoconazole for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkey","volume":"36","author":"Ozgoztasi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.01.016","article-title":"Treatment of acute Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review of the randomized controlled trials","volume":"57","author":"Khatami","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/103\/7\/653\/5271139\/103-7-653.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T18:04:47Z","timestamp":1557857087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0035920308003921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}}}