{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T19:34:52Z","timestamp":1791056092960,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,26]],"date-time":"2011-09-26T01:28:09Z","timestamp":1317000489000},"page":"661-666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Asymptomatic infection of visceral leishmaniasis in hyperendemic areas of Vaishali district, Bihar, India: a challenge to kala-azar elimination programmes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"V.N.R.","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.B.","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.K.","family":"Topno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0202.960213","article-title":"The re-emergence of visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"2","author":"Arias","year":"1996","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0010","series-title":"Regional Technical Advisory Group on Kala-azar Elimination. Report of the first meeting, Manesar, Haryana, 20\u201323 December 2004","author":"WHO","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.624","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: consequences of a neglected disease in a Bangladeshi community","volume":"69","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000355","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis elimination programme in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal: reshaping the case finding\/case management strategy","volume":"3","author":"Mondal","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0025","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Kala-azar without hepatosplenomegaly","volume":"28","author":"Chandra","year":"1991","journal-title":"Indian Paediatric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0030","first-page":"397","article-title":"Predicating kala-azar disease manifestations in asymptomatic patients with latent Leishmania donovani infection by detection of antibody against rK-39 antigen","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.1051","article-title":"Human asymptomatic infection in visceral leishmaniasis: a sero-prevalence study in an urban area of low endemicity. Preliminary results","volume":"77","author":"Bar\u00e3o","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.909","article-title":"The epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic leishmanial infection in a highly endemic Bangladeshi village","volume":"76","author":"Bern","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X252278","article-title":"A community-based comparative evaluation of direct agglutination and rk-39 strip test in the early detection of subclinical Leishmania donovani infection","volume":"102","author":"Sinha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00068-1","article-title":"Leishmania donovani in blood smear of asymptomatic person","volume":"76","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.344","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of Leishmania chagasi recombinant K-39 antigen in the diagnosis of American visceral leishmaniasis and in differentiating active from subclinical infection","volume":"67","author":"Braz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90416-6","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania in the blood of early kala-azar patients with the aid of the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"89","author":"Adhya","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90075-1","article-title":"A nested polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis and prognosis of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis patients using blood samples","volume":"96","author":"Fisa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.3.849-854.2001","article-title":"Development of a species-specific PCR assay for detection of Leishmania donovani in clinical samples from patients with kala-azar and post kala-azar dermal lesihmaniasis","volume":"39","author":"Salotra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00015-4","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum cryptic infection in asymptomatic blood donors living in an endemic area by different diagnostic methods","volume":"98","author":"Riera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0080","first-page":"759","article-title":"rK-39 strip test easy, reliable and cost effective field diagnosis for visceral Leishmaniasis in India","volume":"51","author":"Goswami","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Physician India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.5.717-720.1998","article-title":"rK-39 enzyme-linked immunosrbent assay for diagnosis of Leishmania donovani infection","volume":"5","author":"Zijstra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.6.1003","article-title":"New perspectives on a sub-clinical form of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"154","author":"Badaro","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1953-1957.1999","article-title":"Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern France","volume":"37","author":"Le Fichoux","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0100","first-page":"759","article-title":"Diagnosis of kala-azar- an important stride","volume":"51","author":"Sunder","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Physician India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822006000500001","article-title":"Diagnosing human asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area of the state of Minas Gerais, using serological and molecular biology techniques","volume":"39","author":"Elizabeth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.345","article-title":"Longitudinal sero-epidemiologic study of visceral leishmaniasis in Hyper-endemic Regions of Bihar, India","volume":"80","author":"Gidwani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02242.x","article-title":"PCR and direct agglutination as Leishmania infection markers among healthy Nepalese subjects living in areas endemic for kala-azar","volume":"14","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761997000100003","article-title":"Asymptomatic Leishmania chagasi infection in relatives and neighbors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"92","author":"D\u2019Oliveira","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X65107","article-title":"Usefulness of the direct agglutination test in the early detection of sub-clinical Leishmania donovani infection: a community-based study","volume":"99","author":"Bimal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.10.008","article-title":"The infection risk of visceral leishmaniasis among household members of active patients","volume":"55","author":"Nermin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1086\/379084","article-title":"A major susceptibility locus on chromosome 22q12 plays a critical role in the control of kala-azar","volume":"73","author":"Bucheton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005_bib0140","first-page":"60","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis (kala-azar)- the Bihar (India) perspective","volume":"53","author":"Sinha","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-pdf\/105\/11\/661\/5350481\/105-11-661.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T20:19:44Z","timestamp":1593029984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/trstmh\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0035920311001660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.08.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}