{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T01:35:25Z","timestamp":1782437725453,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,26]],"date-time":"2013-10-26T12:46:37Z","timestamp":1382791597000},"page":"21-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks detached from humans and follow-up of serological and clinical response"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Pontus","family":"Lindblom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wilhelmsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Fryland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Sj\u00f6wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Haglund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Matussek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Ernerudh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirkka","family":"Vene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Nyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5shild","family":"Andreassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per-Eric","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051556","article-title":"Preliminary studies on virus and spirochete accumulation in the cement plug of ixodid ticks","volume":"20","author":"Alekseev","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/01647950708684530","article-title":"First report on tick-borne pathogens and exoskeletal anomalies in Ixodes persulcatus Schulze (Acari: Ixodidae) collected in Kokkola coastal region","volume":"33","author":"Alekseev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Finland Int. J. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-177","article-title":"Prevalence of tick borne encephalitis virus in tick nymphs in relation to climatic factors on the southern coast of Norway","volume":"5","author":"Andreassen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.05.005","article-title":"Different tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) prevalences in unfed versus partially engorged ixodid ticks \u2013 evidence of virus replication and changes in tick behavior","volume":"3","author":"Belova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511163332004","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of Lyme disease in southern Sweden","volume":"333","author":"Berglund","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 37","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0030","first-page":"36","article-title":"Vectors of tick-borne diseases and epidemiological situation in Latvia in 1993\u20132002","volume":"293","author":"Bormane","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.12.005","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus natural foci emerge in western Sweden","volume":"298","author":"Brinkley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602760260724","article-title":"Investigations on the mode and dynamics of transmission and infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"2","author":"Crippa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-1-179","article-title":"Sequence analysis and genetic classification of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Europe and Asia","volume":"80","author":"Ecker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0105","article-title":"Sequencing of a tick-borne encephalitis virus from Ixodes ricinus reveals a thermosensitive RNA switch significant for virus propagation in ectothermic arthropods","volume":"11","author":"Elv\u00e4ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00391-10","article-title":"High-throughput procedure for tick surveys of tick-borne encephalitis virus and its application in a national surveillance study in Switzerland","volume":"76","author":"G\u00e4umann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20224","article-title":"Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Estonia","volume":"74","author":"Golovljova","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.05.008","article-title":"Dimensions of engorging Ixodes ricinus as a measure of feeding duration","volume":"295","author":"Gray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050077","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden in relation to aseptic meningo-encephalitis of other etiology: a prospective study of clinical course and outcome","volume":"244","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00811-3","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis \u2013 pathogenesis, clinical course and long-term follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Haglund","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549609027160","article-title":"A 10-year follow-up study of tick-borne encephalitis in the Stockholm area and a review of the literature: need for a vaccination strategy","volume":"28","author":"Haglund","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10497","article-title":"Characterisation of human tick-borne encephalitis virus from Sweden","volume":"71","author":"Haglund","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20444","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Lithuania","volume":"77","author":"Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060320","article-title":"Siberian subtype tickborne encephalitis virus Finland","volume":"12","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.023663-0","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks in Finland, Russian Karelia and Buryatia","volume":"91","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0105","first-page":"40","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis in Finland","volume":"12","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2011","journal-title":"EpiNorth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0110","first-page":"343","article-title":"\u00c5r 2011 toppar TBE-incidensen","volume":"109","author":"Jaenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0115","first-page":"41","article-title":"Risk of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for a host in relation to the duration of nymphal Ixodes ricinus feeding and the method of tick removal","volume":"287","author":"Kahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2067","article-title":"The clinical and epidemiological profile of tick-borne encephalitis in southern Germany 1994\u201398. A prospective study of 656 patients","volume":"122","author":"Kaiser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-011-3254-2","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of patients with primary myelitic manifestation of tick-borne encephalitis: a trend analysis covering 10 years","volume":"82","author":"Kaiser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02764.x","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus prevalence and virus genome characterization in field-collected ticks (Ixodes ricinus) from risk, non-risk and former risk areas of TBE, and in ticks removed from humans in Germany","volume":"16","author":"Klaus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0135","first-page":"307","article-title":"Variation in parameters affecting risk of human disease due to TBE virus","volume":"42","author":"Korenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0703.017319","article-title":"Risk for human tick-borne encephalitis, borrelioses, and double infection in the pre-Ural region of Russia","volume":"7","author":"Korenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0145","first-page":"60","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis in the Republic of Karelia, Russia","volume":"13","author":"Kotovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"EpiNorth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-007-0424-8","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis: from epidemiology to vaccination recommendations in 2007. New issues \u2013 best practices","volume":"157","author":"Kunze","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404","article-title":"Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0","volume":"23","author":"Larkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinforma. Oxf. Engl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-006-0922-9","article-title":"Detection strategies of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Swedish Ixodes ricinus reveal evolutionary characteristics of emerging tick-borne flaviviruses","volume":"152","author":"Melik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1086\/342059","article-title":"Tickborne encephalitis in an area of high endemicity in Lithuania: disease severity and long-term prognosis","volume":"35","author":"Mickiene","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-001-0637-5","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus in Lithuania","volume":"20","author":"Mickien\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00168-3","article-title":"Development of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay with internal control for the laboratory detection of tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA","volume":"27","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1159\/000091471","article-title":"Differences in maturation of tick-borne encephalitis virus in mammalian and tick cell line","volume":"49","author":"Senigl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.10.007","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis 2010: Epidemiology, risk areas, and virus strains in Europe and Asia \u2013 an overview","volume":"2","author":"S\u00fcss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl. 37","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0190","first-page":"69","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Germany \u2013 epidemiological data, development of risk areas and virus prevalence in field-collected ticks and in ticks removed from humans","volume":"293","author":"S\u00fcss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 40","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.12.005","article-title":"TBE incidence versus virus prevalence and increased prevalence of the TBE virus in Ixodes ricinus removed from humans","volume":"296","author":"S\u00fcss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","article-title":"MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods","volume":"28","author":"Tamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.100051","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus in wild rodents in winter Finland, 2008\u20132009","volume":"17","author":"Tonteri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(98)00041-X","article-title":"A rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for detection of neutralizing antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus","volume":"73","author":"Vene","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01061-10","article-title":"Prevalence and diversity of Borrelia species in ticks that have bitten humans in Sweden","volume":"48","author":"Wilhelmsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X13000824?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X13000824?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T09:51:42Z","timestamp":1539251502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X13000824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X13000824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks detached from humans and follow-up of serological and clinical response","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.07.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}