{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:11:24Z","timestamp":1790759484271,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4335,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,10]],"date-time":"2014-08-10T11:15:40Z","timestamp":1407669340000},"page":"871-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from breeding and migratory birds in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Lommano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Vallotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Jenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2237-2242.2001","article-title":"Identification of Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ticks in the Baltic regions of Russia","volume":"39","author":"Alekseev","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.4.471","article-title":"Evidence of ehrlichiosis agents found in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from migratory birds","volume":"38","author":"Alekseev","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.101058","article-title":"Wild rodents and novel human pathogen Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Southern Sweden","volume":"17","author":"Andersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00179-7","article-title":"Simultaneous detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in ruminants and detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium in Amblyomma variegatum ticks by reverse line blot hybridization","volume":"89","author":"Bekker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(02)00092-8","article-title":"Rhipicephalus ticks infected with Rickettsia and Coxiella in Southern Switzerland (Canton Ticino)","volume":"2","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8265","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01585-10","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi strains detected in Ixodes scapularis larvae collected from North American songbirds","volume":"76","author":"Brinkerhoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0569","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus density and infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato along a North-facing altitudinal gradient in the Rhone Valley (Switzerland)","volume":"7","author":"Burri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10180","article-title":"Microclimate and the zoonotic cycle of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Switzerland","volume":"48","author":"Burri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0215","article-title":"Pathogens of emerging tick-borne diseases, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp., in Ixodes ticks collected from rodents at four sites in Switzerland (Canton of Bern)","volume":"11","author":"Burri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.11.007","article-title":"Are Apodemus spp. mice and Myodes glareolus reservoirs for Borrelia miyamotoi, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica, R. monacensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum?","author":"Burri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0405","series-title":"Th\u00e8se","article-title":"Cl\u00e9 de d\u00e9termination des Ixodidae et Amblyommidae de Suisse","author":"Cotty","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004","article-title":"Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"42","author":"Courtney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.010527","article-title":"Avian reservoirs of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis?","volume":"8","author":"Daniels","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01674-08","article-title":"Differential role of passerine birds in distribution of Borrelia spirochetes, based on data from ticks collected from birds during the postbreeding migration period in Central Europe","volume":"75","author":"Dubska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8572","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008572","article-title":"Dissemination of spotted fever Rickettsia agents in Europe by migrating birds","volume":"5","author":"Elfving","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0090","first-page":"468","article-title":"The role of birds in the circulation of tick-borne encephalitis virus in the Tribec region","volume":"12","author":"Ernek","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0415","series-title":"PHYLIP: Phylogeny Inference Package, Version 3.5c","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.03.001","article-title":"Are birds reservoir hosts for Borrelia afzelii?","volume":"1","author":"Franke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2009.11.001","article-title":"Diversity of Borrelia genospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks in a Lyme borreliosis endemic area in Switzerland identified by using new probes for reverse line blotting","volume":"1","author":"Gern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.4.890-896.1999","article-title":"Isolation of Lyme disease Borrelia from puffins (Fratercula arctica) and seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae) on the Faeroe Islands","volume":"37","author":"Gylfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02479-10","article-title":"Diverse Borrelia burgdorferi strains in a bird-tick cryptic cycle","volume":"77","author":"Hamer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2825-2830.2003","article-title":"Association of Borrelia garinii and B. valaisiana with songbirds in Slovakia","volume":"69","author":"Hanincov\u00e1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10111","article-title":"Survival of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) under challenging conditions of temperature and humidity is influenced by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection","volume":"47","author":"Herrmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011002095","article-title":"Do the level of energy reserves, hydration status and Borrelia infection influence walking by Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks?","volume":"139","author":"Herrmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2009.12.003","article-title":"The potential role of migratory birds in transmission cycles of Babesia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Rickettsia spp.","volume":"1","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0150","first-page":"703","article-title":"Birds as tick hosts and as reservoirs and disseminators of tickborne infectious agents","volume":"18","author":"Hoogstraal","year":"1972","journal-title":"Wiad. Parazytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4735-4737.2002","article-title":"Apodemus species mice are reservoir hosts of Borrelia garinii OspA serotype 4 in Switzerland","volume":"40","author":"Huegli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003564","article-title":"Transmission of Borrelia afzelii from Apodemus mice and Clethrionomys voles to Ixodes ricinus ticks: differential transmission pattern and overwintering maintenance","volume":"118","author":"Humair","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(98)80194-1","article-title":"An avian reservoir (Turdus merula) of the Lyme borreliosis spirochetes","volume":"287","author":"Humair","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4572","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01227-06","article-title":"Molecular method for identification of Rickettsia species in clinical and environmental samples","volume":"44","author":"Jado","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.2.162","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus density, and distribution and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection along an altitudinal gradient","volume":"41","author":"Jouda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03457.x","article-title":"Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick populations in Estonia, the European part of Russia and Belarus","volume":"18","author":"Katargina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0440","series-title":"Lyme Borreliosis: Biology, Epidemiology and Control","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ecological research on Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: terminology and some methodological pitfalls","author":"Kahl","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.4.1169-1174.1998","article-title":"Differential transmission of the genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in England","volume":"64","author":"Kurtenbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1993.tb00702.x","article-title":"Amplification of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection during co-feeding of ticks","volume":"7","author":"Labuda","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/28.5.668","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) from Coastal Virginia","volume":"28","author":"Levine","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1002-1007.2000","article-title":"PCR detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild small mammals in western Switzerland","volume":"38","author":"Liz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4606","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07961-11","article-title":"Infections and co-infections of questing Ixodes ricinus ticks by emerging zoonotic pathogens in Western Switzerland","volume":"78","author":"Lommano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11044","article-title":"Prevalence and genotyping of tick-borne encephalitis virus in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in a new endemic area in western Switzerland","volume":"49","author":"Lommano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1086\/514683","article-title":"Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Europe: clinical and laboratory findings for four patients from Slovenia","volume":"27","author":"Lotric-Furlan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5410","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00116-09","article-title":"A new Borrelia species defined by multilocus sequence analysis of housekeeping genes","volume":"75","author":"Margos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00137.x","article-title":"Strain diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks dispersed in North America by migratory birds","volume":"36","author":"Mathers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.03.004","article-title":"Prevalence of avian-associated Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. genospecies in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (T. philomelos)","volume":"298","author":"Michalik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.4.683","article-title":"Phenology of Ixodes ricinus and infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato along a north- and south-facing altitudinal gradient on Chaumont Mountain, Switzerland","volume":"44","author":"Mor\u00e1n Cadenas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0043","article-title":"Detection of Babesia sp. EU1 and members of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in ticks collected from migratory birds at Curonian Spit, North-Western Russia","volume":"1","author":"Movila","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.4.878","article-title":"Lyme disease spirochetes in Japan: Enzootic transmission cycles in birds, rodents and Ixodes persulcatus ticks","volume":"170","author":"Nakao","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1998.00133.x","article-title":"Granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in ixodid ticks and mammals in woodlands and uplands of the U.K","volume":"12","author":"Ogden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.8.3082-3087.1995","article-title":"Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-infected ticks on migrating birds","volume":"61","author":"Olsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0265","first-page":"357","article-title":"TREEVIEW: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers","volume":"12","author":"Page","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0270","first-page":"3","article-title":"Ticks on birds in Switzerland","volume":"42","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acarologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005","article-title":"Tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts","volume":"18","author":"Parola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02164.x","article-title":"Anaplasma in ticks feeding on migrating birds and questing ticks in Lithuania and Norway","volume":"15","author":"Paulauskas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.1.976-979.2006","article-title":"Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks collected from migratory birds in Switzerland","volume":"72","author":"Poupon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.09.019","article-title":"Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Candidatus Neoehrlichia bacteria: pathogenicity, biodiversity, and molecular genetic characteristics, a review","volume":"11","author":"Rar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0668","article-title":"Absence of Lyme disease spirochetes in larval Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"12","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0060","article-title":"Rickettsia spp. in wild small mammals in Lower Bavaria, South-Eastern Germany","volume":"11","author":"Schex","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.7.2215-2222.1999","article-title":"Detection and identification of Ehrlichia, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Bartonella species in Dutch Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"37","author":"Schouls","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1198-743x.2001.00282.x","article-title":"Routine diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) infections using a real-time PCR assay","volume":"7","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00168-3","article-title":"Development of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay with internal control for the laboratory detection of tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA","volume":"27","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601750137624","article-title":"A relapsing fever group spirochete transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks","volume":"1","author":"Scoles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-006-0729-4","article-title":"Ticks (Ixodidae) from passerine birds in the Carpathian region","volume":"118","author":"Spitalsk\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0210","article-title":"The importance of Ixodes arboricola in transmission of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the Czech Republic, Central Europe","volume":"11","author":"Spitalsk\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.8.2087-2092.1997","article-title":"PCR amplification and comparison of nucleotide sequences from the groESL heat shock operon of Ehrlichia species","volume":"35","author":"Sumner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01060-07","article-title":"Blackbirds and song thrushes constitute a key reservoir of Borrelia garinii, the causative agent of borreliosis in Central Europe","volume":"74","author":"Taragel\u2019ova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"Clustal W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-45.2.437","article-title":"Ticks and tick-borne pathogens from wildlife in the Free State Province, South Africa","volume":"45","author":"Tonetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.061416","article-title":"Migrating birds and tick-borne encephalitis virus","volume":"13","author":"Waldenstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.013","article-title":"The natural history of Anaplasma phagocytophilum","volume":"167","author":"Woldehiwet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X14001198?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X14001198?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T01:00:09Z","timestamp":1786669209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X14001198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X14001198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from breeding and migratory birds in Switzerland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}