{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:48:11Z","timestamp":1788871691812,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)","award":["320030_113936"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_113936"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)","award":["FN 310030_127064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FN 310030_127064"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"SNSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FN 31003A_141153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FN 31003A_141153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T01:04:31Z","timestamp":1425431071000},"page":"334-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Genetic variation in transmission success of the Lyme borreliosis pathogen Borrelia afzelii"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Tonetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Voordouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Monnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1879-1884.2005","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi OspC heterogeneity among human and murine isolates from a defined region of northern Maryland and southern Pennsylvania: lack of correlation with invasive and noninvasive genotypes","volume":"43","author":"Alghaferi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1086\/669905","article-title":"Multiple-strain infections of Borrelia afzelii: a role for within-host interactions in the maintenance of antigenic diversity?","volume":"181","author":"Andersson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(01)01186-X","article-title":"Distinct levels of genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi are associated with different aspects of pathogenicity","volume":"152","author":"Baranton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00434-12","article-title":"Experimental infections of the reservoir species Peromyscus leucopus with diverse strains of Borrelia burgdorferi, a Lyme disease agent","volume":"3","author":"Baum","year":"2012","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.028738","article-title":"ospC diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi: different hosts are different niches","volume":"168","author":"Brisson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944-0","article-title":"Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe","volume":"150","author":"Bunikis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602760260724","article-title":"Investigations on the mode and dynamics of transmission and infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"2","author":"Crippa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonot. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500078102","article-title":"Virulence and competitive ability in genetically diverse malaria infections","volume":"102","author":"de Roode","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7489","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710909105","article-title":"Virulence-transmission trade-offs and population divergence in virulence in a naturally occuring butterfly parasite","volume":"105","author":"de Roode","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.397","article-title":"Growth and migration of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ticks during blood feeding","volume":"53","author":"de Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6783-6788.2004","article-title":"Interaction and transmission of two Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains in a tick-rodent maintenance system","volume":"70","author":"Derdakova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5262","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5262-5266.2004","article-title":"Comparison of disseminated and nondisseminated strains of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in mice naturally infected by tick bite","volume":"72","author":"Dolan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02066-2","article-title":"The implications of a low rate of horizontal transfer in Borrelia","volume":"9","author":"Dykhuizen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.806","article-title":"Short report: The propensity of different Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto genotypes to cause disseminated infections in humans","volume":"78","author":"Dykhuizen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7869","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7869-7877.2005","article-title":"Demonstration of OspC type diversity in invasive human Lyme disease isolates and identification of previously uncharacterized epitopes that define the specificity of the OspC murine antibody response","volume":"73","author":"Earnhart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1432","article-title":"Evolution \u2013 experimental evolution of parasites","volume":"282","author":"Ebert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)00003-3","article-title":"Challenging the trade-off model for the evolution of virulence: is virulence management feasible?","volume":"11","author":"Ebert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.11.003","article-title":"Complementation of a Borrelia afzelii OspC mutant highlights the crucial role of OspC for dissemination of Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus","volume":"297","author":"Fingerle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17441","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708559104","article-title":"Variation in HIV-1 set-point viral load: Epidemiological analysis and an evolutionary hypothesis","volume":"104","author":"Fraser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00053328","article-title":"Dynamics of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks during feeding","volume":"20","author":"Gern","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/33.1.189","article-title":"Efficient transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi between cofeeding Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"33","author":"Gern","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01717456","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi in rodents (Apodemus flavicollis and A. sylvaticus): duration and enhancement of infectivity for Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"10","author":"Gern","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990652089","article-title":"Development of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ricinus females during blood feeding","volume":"65","author":"Gern","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0120","first-page":"89","article-title":"Copulation, nutrition et ponte chez Ixodes ricinus L. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) \u2013 1e partie","volume":"51","author":"Graf","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Entomol. Suisse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101","article-title":"Outer-surface protein C of the Lyme disease spirochete: a protein induced in ticks for infection of mammals","volume":"101","author":"Grimm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5365.912","article-title":"Chaos, persistence, and evolution of strain structure in antigenically diverse infectious agents","volume":"280","author":"Gupta","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01567-07","article-title":"Fitness variation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains in mice","volume":"74","author":"Hanincova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000893","article-title":"The importance of the aggregation of ticks on small mammal hosts for the establishment and persistence of tick-borne pathogens: an investigation using the R(0) model","volume":"139","author":"Harrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011000400","article-title":"Investigating the persistence of tick-borne pathogens via the R-0 model","volume":"138","author":"Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1086\/587530","article-title":"The basic reproduction number for complex disease systems: Defining R-0 for tick-borne infections","volume":"171","author":"Hartemink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.02148.x","article-title":"The genetic structure of Borrelia afzelii varies with geographic but not ecological sampling scale","volume":"24","author":"Hellgren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7273","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02158-13","article-title":"Species co-occurrence patterns among Lyme borreliosis pathogens in the tick vector Ixodes ricinus","volume":"79","author":"Herrmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4221-00285","article-title":"Early detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in Balb\/c mice by co-feeding Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"293","author":"Hu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00126-5","article-title":"Relationship between Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) and Ixodes ricinus in enzootic areas in Switzerland","volume":"69","author":"Humair","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.4.433","article-title":"Strain variation of Lyme disease spirochetes isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents collected in two endemic areas in Switzerland","volume":"32","author":"Humair","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003564","article-title":"Transmission of Borrelia afzelii from Apodemus mice and Clethrionomys voles to Ixodes ricinus ticks: differential transmission pattern and overwintering maintenance","volume":"118","author":"Humair","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1089\/153036604773082960","article-title":"Density of questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults infected by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Switzerland: spatio-temporal pattern at a regional scale","volume":"4","author":"Jouda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonot. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.4.1169-1174.1998","article-title":"Differential transmission of the genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in England","volume":"64","author":"Kurtenbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5059","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5059-5065.2003","article-title":"Genetic diversity among Borrelia strains determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the ospC gene and its association with invasiveness","volume":"41","author":"Lagal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.4.766","article-title":"Duration of Borrelia burgdorferi infectivity in white-footed mice for the tick vector Ixodes scapularis under laboratory and field conditions in Ontario","volume":"33","author":"Lindsay","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.012","article-title":"Virulence evolution in response to vaccination: The case of malaria","volume":"26","author":"Mackinnon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2307\/2640710","article-title":"Genetic relationships between parasite virulence and transmission in the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi","volume":"53","author":"Mackinnon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2307\/3283349","article-title":"Absence of acquired resistance to nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks in BALB\/c mice developing cutaneous reactions","volume":"80","author":"Mbow","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.4.683","article-title":"Phenology of Ixodes ricinus and infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato along a North- and South-facing altitudinal gradient on Chaumont Mountain, Switzerland","volume":"44","author":"Mor\u00e1n Cadenas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.6.1109","article-title":"Identification of host bloodmeal source and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in field-collected Ixodes ricinus ticks in Chaumont (Switzerland)","volume":"44","author":"Mor\u00e1n Cadenas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.670","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi populations transmitted by ticks","volume":"98","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419894","article-title":"OspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands","volume":"113","author":"Pal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.06.003","article-title":"Borrelia afzelii ospC genotype diversity in Ixodes ricinus questing ticks and ticks from rodents in two Lyme borreliosis endemic areas: Contribution of co-feeding ticks","volume":"2","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004694","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis in Europe and North America","volume":"129","author":"Piesman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4145","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.11.4145-4148.2001","article-title":"Use of quantitative PCR to measure density of Borrelia burgdorferi in the midgut and salivary glands of feeding tick vectors","volume":"39","author":"Piesman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/160.3.833","article-title":"Geographic uniformity of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) and its shared history with tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern United States","volume":"160","author":"Qiu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402745101","article-title":"Genetic exchange and plasmid transfers in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto revealed by three-way genome comparisons and multilocus sequence typing","volume":"101","author":"Qiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2012.02515.x","article-title":"Infection intensity and infectivity of the tick-borne pathogen Borrelia afzelii","volume":"25","author":"Raberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06226.x","article-title":"The long strange trip of Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein C","volume":"69","author":"Radolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01224-1","article-title":"Ticks are not insects: consequences of contrasting vector biology for transmission potential","volume":"14","author":"Randolph","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.07.004","article-title":"Transmission of tick-borne pathogens between co-feeding ticks: Milan Labuda's enduring paradigm","volume":"2","author":"Randolph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(96)10072-7","article-title":"Co-feeding ticks: epidemiological significance for tick-borne pathogen transmission","volume":"12","author":"Randolph","year":"1996","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003643","article-title":"Incidence from coincidence: patterns of tick infestations on rodents facilitate transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus","volume":"118","author":"Randolph","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.010519","article-title":"Co-feeding transmission and its contribution to the perpetuation of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia afzelii","volume":"8","author":"Richter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64050-0","article-title":"Delineation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species by multilocus sequence analysis and confirmation of the delineation of Borrelia spielmanii sp nov","volume":"56","author":"Richter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3518-3524.1999","article-title":"Four clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto cause invasive infection in humans","volume":"67","author":"Seinost","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.8.1723-1727.1989","article-title":"Ear punch biopsy method for detection and isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from rodents","volume":"27","author":"Sinsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0315","series-title":"The evolution of life-histories","author":"Stearns","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3554","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01950-05","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi ospC protein required exclusively in a crucial early stage of mammalian infection","volume":"74","author":"Tilly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.12.013","article-title":"Biology of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"22","author":"Tilly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3344436","article-title":"Salivary gland lysates from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis enhance leishmania infectivity","volume":"239","author":"Titus","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0335","first-page":"40","article-title":"Reviewing molecular adaptations of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in the context of reproductive fitness in natural transmission cycles","author":"Tsao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Res. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014001486","article-title":"Co-feeding transmission in Lyme disease pathogens","volume":"142","author":"Voordouw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4303-4312.2001","article-title":"Impact of genotypic variation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto on kinetics of dissemination and severity of disease in C3H\/HeJ mice","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1086\/343043","article-title":"Disease severity in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis is associated with the genotype of the infecting Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain","volume":"186","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.1.15","article-title":"Genetic diversity of ospC in a local population of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00042-9","article-title":"Tick modulation of host immunity: an important factor in pathogen transmission","volume":"29","author":"Wikel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1086\/592279","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi genotype predicts the capacity for hematogenous dissemination during early Lyme disease","volume":"198","author":"Wormser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601750137642","article-title":"An analysis of spirochete load, strain, and pathology in a model of tick-transmitted Lyme borreliosis","volume":"1","author":"Zeidner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonot. Dis."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X15000333?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X15000333?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T06:30:26Z","timestamp":1651386626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X15000333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X15000333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genetic variation in transmission success of the Lyme borreliosis pathogen Borrelia afzelii","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}