{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:19:44Z","timestamp":1784204384220,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Baxter Finland Oy"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["251836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":", Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation"},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital","award":["TYH2014251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TYH2014251"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T19:14:43Z","timestamp":1445627683000},"page":"216-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Siberian subtype tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus in a newly emerged focus, Finland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0451-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu","family":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Tonteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilkka","family":"Pieninkeroinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarja","family":"Sironen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liina","family":"Voutilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Kuusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Vaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Vapalahti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0236","article-title":"Rodents as sentinels for the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus","volume":"11","author":"Achazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0010","first-page":"500","article-title":"Reproductive isolation and interspecific hybridization in ixodis ticks of the Ixodes ricinus\u2013Ixodes persulcatus group (Acarina, Ixodidae)","volume":"78","author":"Balashov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Entomol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1973.22.382","article-title":"Arboviruses in Finland. I. Isolation of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus from arthropods, vertebrates, and patients","volume":"22","author":"Brummer-Korvenkontio","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.07.004","article-title":"Distribution of Ixodes ricinus and I. persulcatus ticks in southern Karelia (Russia)","volume":"4","author":"Bugmyrin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis."},{"issue":"Pt. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-1-179","article-title":"Sequence analysis and genetic classification of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Europe and Asia","volume":"80","author":"Ecker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0030","unstructured":"European Commission. 2012\/506\/EU: Commission Implementing Decision of 8 August 2012 amending Decision 2002\/253\/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2012) 5538). Updated August 8, 2012. Available at: http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2012.262.01.0001.01.ENG (accessed 20.04.15)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0035","article-title":"Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae)","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Filippova","year":"1977"},{"issue":"7.","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0040","article-title":"Tick-borne pathogens in ticks feeding on migratory passerines in Western part of Estonia","volume":"13","author":"Geller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20224","article-title":"Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Estonia","volume":"74","author":"Golovljova","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.09.015","article-title":"Genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: new insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy","volume":"361","author":"Grard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.25-36.2003","article-title":"Characterization of a Siberian virus isolated from a patient with progressive chronic tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"77","author":"Gritsun","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(03)61008-0","article-title":"Tick-borne flaviviruses","volume":"61","author":"Gritsun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1012","article-title":"Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Finland","volume":"64","author":"Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"6.","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0070","article-title":"The basic reproduction number for complex disease systems: defining R(0) for tick-borne infections","volume":"171","author":"Hartemink","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2146.1","article-title":"Transport of ticks by migratory passerine birds to Norway","volume":"95","author":"Hasle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.118","article-title":"A clear and present danger: tick-borne diseases in Europe","volume":"8","author":"Heyman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00819-8","article-title":"Diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"21","author":"Holzmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0090","unstructured":"Infectious Diseases Register. National Institute for Health and Welfare. Updated March 20, 2015. Available at: http:\/\/www.thl.fi\/ttr\/gen\/rpt\/tilastot.html (accessed 10.04.15)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4336","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4336-4342.2003","article-title":"Diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis by a \u03bc-capture immunoglobulin M-enzyme immunoassay based on secreted recombinant antigen produced in insect cells","volume":"41","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1210.060320","article-title":"Siberian subtype tickborne encephalitis virus, Finland","volume":"12","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.023663-0","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks in Finland, Russian Karelia, and Buryatia","volume":"91","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1702.101487","article-title":"European subtype tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes persulcatus ticks","volume":"17","author":"J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061374","article-title":"Detection and characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Baltic countries and eastern Poland","volume":"8","author":"Katargina","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.11.011","article-title":"Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in I. ricinus ticks collected from autumn migratory birds in Latvia","volume":"6","author":"Kazarina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815000485","article-title":"Factors affecting the ecology of tick-borne encephalitis in Slovenia","volume":"143","author":"Knap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.1.73-83.1998","article-title":"Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus","volume":"72","author":"Kuno","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"5\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(99)80005-X","article-title":"Survival strategy of tick-borne encephalitis virus: cellular basis and environmental determinants","volume":"289","author":"Labuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol."},{"issue":"9627","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60800-4","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"371","author":"Lindquist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2097","article-title":"Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Latvia: evidence for co-circulation of three distinct subtypes","volume":"65","author":"Lundkvist","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850410003356","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings and outcome in severe tick-borne encephalitis. Report of four cases and review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Marjelund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0150","first-page":"995","article-title":"Gadolinium enhancement of the cauda equina \u2013 a new MR imaging finding in a myeloradiculitic form of tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"27","author":"Marjelund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200002)60:2<216::AID-JMV18>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus from Latvia","volume":"60","author":"Mavtchoutko","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0165","first-page":"141","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies directed against tick-borne encephalitis virus with neutralizing activity in vivo","volume":"38","author":"Niedrig","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0235","first-page":"1","article-title":"The geographical and topographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus in Finland","volume":"76","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Acta Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn."},{"issue":"1454","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1204","article-title":"Fragile transmission cycles of tick-borne encephalitis virus may be disrupted by predicted climate change","volume":"267","author":"Randolph","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"Pt. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003643","article-title":"Incidence from coincidence: patterns of tick infestations on rodents facilitate transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus","volume":"118","author":"Randolph","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"Pt. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006083","article-title":"Seasonal synchrony: the key to tick-borne encephalitis foci identified by satellite data","volume":"121","author":"Randolph","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0191","article-title":"Differentiation of medically important Euro-Asian tick species Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes hexagonus, and Dermacentor reticulatus by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"11","author":"Rumer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(99)80069-3","article-title":"A nested RT-PCR for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks in natural foci","volume":"289","author":"Schrader","year":"1999","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00168-3","article-title":"Development of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay with internal control for the laboratory detection of tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA","volume":"27","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 33","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(02)80007-8","article-title":"Characterization of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci in Germany and Latvia (1997\u20132000)","volume":"291","author":"S\u00fcss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0205","article-title":"Fatal tick-borne encephalitis","volume":"127","author":"Tikkakoski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Duodecim"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.37.30020","article-title":"Surveillance of endemic foci of tick-borne encephalitis in Finland: evidence of emergence of new foci","volume":"20","author":"Tonteri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0215","first-page":"149","article-title":"Antibodies against viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis group in cattle sera in Finland","volume":"43","author":"Tuomi","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Exp. Biol. Fenn."},{"issue":"Pt. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.035766-0","article-title":"Rate of evolution and molecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Europe, including two isolations from the same focus 44 years apart","volume":"93","author":"Uzc\u00e1tegui","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540600868297","article-title":"TBE in \u00c5land Islands 1959\u20132005: Kumlinge disease","volume":"38","author":"Wahlberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.061416","article-title":"Migrating birds and tickborne encephalitis virus","volume":"13","author":"Waldenstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X15300273?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X15300273?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T04:38:37Z","timestamp":1599712717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X15300273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X15300273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Siberian subtype tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus in a newly emerged focus, Finland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}