{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:14:00Z","timestamp":1792872840517,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"icipe core donors including UK\u2019s Department for International Development"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009131","name":"Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013987","name":"Kenyan Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013987","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T15:56:39Z","timestamp":1473436599000},"page":"208-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Novel Rickettsia and emergent tick-borne pathogens: A molecular survey of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Micky M.","family":"Mwamuye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Kariuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Omondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kabii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Odongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Masiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5097-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jandouwe","family":"Villinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1134\/S0003683811030136","article-title":"Rapid differentiation of bacterial species by high resolution melting analysis","volume":"47","author":"\u0160imenc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004748","article-title":"Theileria: intracellular protozoan parasites of wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by ixodid ticks","volume":"129","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-013-9732-4","article-title":"Identification and characterization of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of North East India by ITS2 and 16S rDNA sequences and morphological analysis","volume":"62","author":"Brahma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.08.005","article-title":"Sequence variation identified in the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria mutans and Theileria velifera from the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)","volume":"191","author":"Chaisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01279.x","article-title":"Rickettsial outer-membrane protein B (rOmpB) mediates bacterial invasion through Ku70 in an actin, c-Cbl, clathrin and caveolin 2-dependent manner","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046190","article-title":"The effectiveness of three regions in mitochondrial genome for aphid DNA barcoding: a case in Lachininae","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1474-1","article-title":"Molecular characterization of hard and soft ticks from Romania by sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA","volume":"105","author":"Chitimia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0045","series-title":"Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding Prevention, Amelioration, and Resolution of Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases: The Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes","article-title":"The tick microbiome: diversity, distribution and influence of the internal microbial community for a blood-feeding disease vector","author":"Clay","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1502.080851","article-title":"Kupe virus a new virus in the family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus, Kenya","volume":"15","author":"Crabtree","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/47.1.89","article-title":"Extraction of total nucleic acids from ticks for the detection of bacterial and viral pathogens","volume":"47","author":"Crowder","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-291","article-title":"New species of Ehrlichia isolated from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus shows an ortholog of the E. canis major immunogenic glycoprotein gp36 with a new sequence of tandem repeats","volume":"5","author":"Cruz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife?threats to biodiversity and human health","volume":"287","author":"Daszak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00493","article-title":"Intertwined arbovirus transmission activity: reassessing the transmission cycle paradigm","volume":"3","author":"Diaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","article-title":"BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees","volume":"7","author":"Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.49.1.201","article-title":"Human ehrlichioses: newly recognized infections transmitted by ticks","volume":"49","author":"Dumler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0085","first-page":"208","article-title":"Comparative genomics of emerging human ehrlichiosis agents","volume":"2","author":"Dunning Hotopp","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gni064","article-title":"Species-independent detection of RNA virus by representational difference analysis using non-ribosomal hexanucleotides for reverse transcription","volume":"33","author":"Endoh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006241108739","article-title":"Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission","volume":"23","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00064","article-title":"Impact of climate trends on tick-borne pathogen transmission","volume":"3","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00029","article-title":"Research on the ecology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens-methodological principles and caveats","volume":"3","author":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111772","article-title":"Global consequences of land use","volume":"309","author":"Foley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of rickettsial isolates at the species level using multi-spacer typing","volume":"6","author":"Fournier","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0120","first-page":"273","article-title":"Tick-borne ehrlichiosis infection in human beings","volume":"45","author":"Gangulya","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.11.017","article-title":"Theileria infection in domestic ruminants in northern Ethiopia","volume":"200","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00488-5","article-title":"Detection of haemoparasites in cattle by reverse line blot hybridisation with a note on the distribution of ticks in Sicily","volume":"99","author":"Georges","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01197925","article-title":"Comparison of flagging, walking, trapping, and collecting from hosts as sampling methods for northern deer ticks, Ixodes dammini, and lone-star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (Acari:Ixodidae)","volume":"7","author":"Ginsberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","article-title":"New algorythms and methods to estimate maximum likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0","volume":"59","author":"Guindon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","article-title":"New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0","volume":"59","author":"Guindon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0081","article-title":"Coincident tick infestations in the nostrils of wild chimpanzees and a human in Uganda","volume":"89","author":"Hamer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406166101","article-title":"Ten species in one DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in neotropical skipper butterfly, Astraptes fulgerator","volume":"101","author":"Hebert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v74i3.126","article-title":"Ticks associated with the three largest wild ruminant species in southern Africa","volume":"74","author":"Horak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0165","series-title":"Molecular Evidence of Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wildlife and Livestock in Shimba Hills National Reserve (SHNR), Kwale County, Kenya. MSc Dissertation","author":"Jagero","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00739-4","article-title":"African tick bite fever","volume":"3","author":"Jensenius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1086\/375083","article-title":"African tick bite fever in travelers to rural sub-equatorial Africa","volume":"36","author":"Jensenius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.08.001","article-title":"Multi-locus genotyping reveals absence of genetic structure in field populations of the brown ear tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) in Kenya","volume":"7","author":"Kanduma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199","article-title":"Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data","volume":"28","author":"Kearse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0169","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii in humans, domestic ruminants, and ticks in rural western Kenya","volume":"88","author":"Knobel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.3.533","article-title":"Molecular evidence for a spotted fever group Rickettsia species in the tick Amblyomma longirostre in Brazil","volume":"41","author":"Labruna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S221","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005220","article-title":"Tick-borne viruses","volume":"129","author":"Labuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-93","article-title":"Assessment of four DNA fragments (CO1, !6S rDNA, ITS2, 12S rDNA) for species identification of the Ixodida (Acari:Ixodida)","volume":"7","author":"Lv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.551","article-title":"Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from the Masai Mara region of Kenya","volume":"68","author":"Macaluso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1578","article-title":"High prevalence of Rickettsia africae variants in Amblyomma variegatum ticks from domestic mammals in rural Western Kenya: implications for human health","volume":"14","author":"Maina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00494-12","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases in 2012: 20 years after the Institute of Medicine Report","volume":"3","author":"Morens","year":"2012","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02759","article-title":"The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases","volume":"430","author":"Morens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0235","first-page":"76","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in different cattle breeds and age groups in Mbarara district (Western Uganda)","volume":"2","author":"Muhanguzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0240","series-title":"Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding Prevention, Amelioration, and Resolution of Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases: The Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes","article-title":"Emerging and re-emerging tick-borne diseases: new challenges at the interface of human and animal health","author":"Munderloh","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.0977","article-title":"Zoonotic surveillance for Rickettsiae in domestic animals in Kenya","volume":"13","author":"Mutai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109056","article-title":"Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in the reservoir host (white-tailed deer) and in an incidental host (dog) is impacted by its prior growth in macrophage and tick cell environments","volume":"9","author":"Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.363","article-title":"Detection of Rickettsia africae in patients and ticks along the coastal region of cameroon","volume":"71","author":"Ndip","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.1.13","article-title":"Isolation of the causative heartwater (Cowdria ruminatium) from three Amblyomma species in eight districts of Kenya","volume":"140","author":"Ngumi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0130","article-title":"Ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the Netherlands","volume":"7","author":"Nijhof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-190","article-title":"Spatial disaggregation of tick occurrence and ecology at a local scale as a preliminary step for spatial surveillance of tick-borne diseases: general framework and health implications in Belgium","volume":"6","author":"Obsomer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.01.008","article-title":"Linkage disequilibrium between alleles at highly polymorphic mini- and micro-satellite loci of Theileria parva isolated from cattle in three regions of Kenya","volume":"26","author":"Odongo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071656","article-title":"Rickettsia felis as emergent global threat for humans","volume":"14","author":"P\u00e9rez-Osorio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0285","series-title":"Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding Prevention, Amelioration, and Resolution of Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases: The Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes: Workshop Report","article-title":"Through a glass darkly: the global incidence of tick-borne diseases","author":"Paddock","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005","article-title":"Tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts","volume":"18","author":"Parola","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010493","article-title":"Emergence of a new pathogenic Ehrlichia species,Wisconsin and Minnesota, 2009","volume":"365","author":"Pritt","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x","article-title":"BOLD: the barcode of life data system: barcoding","volume":"7","author":"Ratnasingham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00349-12","article-title":"The rickettsial OmpB \u03b2-peptide of Rickettsia conorii is sufficient to facilitate factor H-mediated serum resistance","volume":"80","author":"Riley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-4-1449","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Rickettsia using the gene encoding the outer-membrane protein rOmpB (ompB)","volume":"50","author":"Roux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1005.030537","article-title":"Fatal spotted fever rickettsiosis, Kenya","volume":"10","author":"Rutherford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.04.002","article-title":"Identification of rickettsial pathogens in ixodid ticks in northern Senegal","volume":"5","author":"Sambou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.060253","article-title":"Tickborne arbovirus surveillance in market livestock Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"12","author":"Sang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0330","series-title":"Microbial Threats to Health: Emergence, Detection, and Response","author":"Smolinski","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0335","series-title":"African Ecology: Benchmarks and Historical Perspectives","author":"Spinage","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0340","first-page":"216","article-title":"Virus detection in questing ticks is not a sensitive indicator for risk assessment of tick-borne encephalitis in humans","volume":"60","author":"Stefanoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0088","article-title":"Detection of tick-borne pathogens by MassTag polymerase chain reaction","volume":"9","author":"Tokarz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0133","article-title":"Livestock infectious diseases and zoonoses","volume":"364","author":"Tomley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2144\/00291bm09","article-title":"Preparation of PCR-quality mouse genomic DNA with hot sodium hydroxide and tris (HotSHOT)","volume":"29","author":"Truett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villinger, J., Mbaya, M. K., Ouso, D., Kipanga, P. N., Lutomiah, J., Masiga, D. K., 2016. Arbovirus and insect-specific virus discovery in Kenya by novel six genera multiplex high-resolution melting analysis. Mol. Ecol. Res. in press (online version of record published before inclusion in an issue; 10.1111\/1755-0998.12584)","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12584"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0365","first-page":"135","article-title":"A review of african Amblyomma species (Acari, Ixodida, Ixodidae)","volume":"11","author":"Voltzit","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acarina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0370","series-title":"The Genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae): A Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World","author":"Walker","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0375","unstructured":"Walker, A.R., Bouattour, A., Camicas, J.L., Estrada-Pe\u00f1a, A., Horak, I.G., Latif, A.A., Pegram, R.G., Preston, P.M., 2003. Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: A guide to identification of species. Bioscience Reports, Edinburg (UK)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0380","unstructured":"Younge, A., Negussie, G., Burgess, N., 2002. Eastern Africa Coastal Forest Programme: WWF-EARPO Regional Workshop Report Nairobi. February 4\u20137 2002. WWF-EARPO."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v81i1.95","article-title":"Occurrence of Theileria parva and other haemoprotozoa in cattle at the edge of Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"81","author":"Yusufmia","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. South Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00828.x","article-title":"Strategies for development of vaccines for control of ixodid tick species","volume":"28","author":"de la Fuente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6938","DOI":"10.2741\/3200","article-title":"Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals","volume":"13","author":"de la Fuente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002_bib0400","first-page":"209","article-title":"Hemorrhagic fever caused by a novel tick-borne Bunyavirus in Huaiyangshan, China","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X16301406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X16301406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T01:09:51Z","timestamp":1657242591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X16301406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X16301406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Novel Rickettsia and emergent tick-borne pathogens: A molecular survey of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}