{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:03:11Z","timestamp":1788566591210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,27]],"date-time":"2019-01-27T05:47:53Z","timestamp":1548568073000},"page":"564-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["In search of the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the western-central regions of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Yawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Nyangiwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.T.","family":"Kadzere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Muchenje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.C","family":"Mpendulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4784-6153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.C.","family":"Marufu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-013-9706-6","article-title":"Alarming spread of the Asian cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa- another three countries are affected: Burkina Faso, Mali and Tsogo","volume":"61","author":"Adakal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0010","first-page":"63","article-title":"Scanning electron microscope studies on the morphology of immature stages of Ambylomma hebraeum, Koch 1844","volume":"36","author":"Arthur","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300006088","article-title":"The larvae of some ixodid ticks (Acarina) from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa","volume":"65","author":"Arthur","year":"1975","journal-title":"B. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.10.005","article-title":"Cattle ticks in Cameroon: Is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusabsent in Cameroon and the Central African region?","volume":"6","author":"Awa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.3.405","article-title":"Threat of foreign arthropod-borne pathogens to livestock in the United States","volume":"39","author":"Bram","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9587-0","article-title":"Geographic distribution of the invasive cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a country-wide survey in Benin","volume":"58","author":"De Clercq","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0035","first-page":"81","article-title":"Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part XII. The genera Boophilus Curtice, 1891 and Margaropus Karsch, 1879","volume":"34","author":"Gothe","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ondertepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seasonal abundance of adult ixodid ticks infesting cattle belonging to resource-limited farmers in the north-eastern Free State Province of South Africa","volume":"69","author":"Hlatshwayo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ondertepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0045","first-page":"263","article-title":"Species composition and geographic distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in a temperate and a subtropical coastal region of south-eastern Africa","volume":"76","author":"Horak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ondertepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution of endemic and introduced tick species in Free State Province South Africa","volume":"1255","author":"Horak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2014.14174","article-title":"Farmers\u2019 Perceptions and Knowledge of Cattle Adaptation to Heat Stress and Tick Resistance in the Eastern Cape, South Africa","volume":"27","author":"Katiyatiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9134-1","article-title":"Shifts in the distributional changes of Boophilus ticks, in Tanzania: evidence that a parapatric boundary between Boophilus microplus and Boophilus decoloratus follows climate gradients","volume":"44","author":"Lynen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-007-9110-1","article-title":"Boophilus microplus ticks found in West Africa","volume":"43","author":"Madder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-012-9522-4","article-title":"Newfoci of Rhipicephalus microplus in West Africa","volume":"56","author":"Madder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9690-3","article-title":"Tick loads in cattle raised on sweet and sour rangelands in the low-input farming areas of South Africa","volume":"43","author":"Marufu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.12.001","article-title":"Cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to Rhipicephalus tick larval antigens in pre-sensitized cattle","volume":"4","author":"Marufu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0085","first-page":"298","article-title":"Tick susceptibility and its effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics on Nguni, Bonsmara and Angus steers raised on natural pasture","volume":"2","author":"Muchenje","year":"2008","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0090","first-page":"347","article-title":"Grassland Biome, Savanna Biome and Albany Thicket Biome","volume":"19","author":"Mucina","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0095","series-title":"Infectious Diseases of Livestock","first-page":"3","article-title":"Vectors: Ticks","author":"Norval","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v78i1.320","article-title":"Ticks on pastures and on two breeds of cattle in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"78","author":"Nyangiwe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-013-9705-7","article-title":"Displacement of Rhipicephalus decoloratus by Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"61","author":"Nyangiwe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a1482","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v88i0.1482","article-title":"Range expansion of the economically important Asiatic blue tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, in South Africa","volume":"88","author":"Nyangiwe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v74i1.139","article-title":"Climate change and the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Africa","volume":"74","author":"Olwoch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5733\/afin.054.0212","article-title":"Seasonal variations in ixodid tick populations on a commercial game farm in the Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"54","author":"Schroder","year":"2013","journal-title":"African Invertebrates"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v71i1.671","article-title":"Babesia bovis and B. bigemina DNA detected in cattle and ticks from Zimbabwe by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"71","author":"Smeenk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0130","series-title":"The Prehatch Period And Larval Survival of Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844) (Acarina: Ixodidae) Under Natural Conditions in the Transvaal, South Africa","author":"Spickett","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0135","series-title":"Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc. Users Guide, Version 9","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-015-9892-5","article-title":"An update on the ecological distribution of the Ixodidae ticks in Zimbabwe","volume":"66","author":"Sungirai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/B:APPA.0000021789.44411.b5","article-title":"Displacement of Boophilus decoloratus by Boophilus microplus in the Soutpansberg region, Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"32","author":"T\u00a2nnesen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0150","series-title":"Mimeographed","first-page":"260","article-title":"The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Region). Project S 9958, Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort","author":"Theiler","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0155","series-title":"The Genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae): A Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World","author":"Walker","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0160","first-page":"157","article-title":"Ticks of domestic animals in Africa, A guide to identification of species","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009_bib0165","first-page":"188","article-title":"Prevalence of Ixodid ticks on bovine in Soddo Zuria Districts, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Wolde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol Glob"}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X18301936?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X18301936?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T19:38:40Z","timestamp":1565206720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X18301936"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X18301936"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In search of the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the western-central regions of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}