{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:06:03Z","timestamp":1784761563028,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":249,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T11:52:52Z","timestamp":1593604372000},"page":"101500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Infection of hard ticks in the Caspian Sea littoral of Iran with Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever borreliae"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Saied Reza","family":"Naddaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Rohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Payman","family":"Ziapour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Hesam","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.25.8.1564-1566.1987","article-title":"Seasonal prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in natural populations of white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0010","first-page":"181","article-title":"The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. ii. Taxonomic status of H. (Euhyalomma) anatolicum Koch, 1844 and H. (E.) excavatum Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) with redescriptions of all stages","volume":"13","author":"Apanaskevich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acarina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/01647950808683704","article-title":"The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844: V. Re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology","volume":"34","author":"Apanaskevich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2010.009","article-title":"The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. X. Redescription of all parasitic stages of H. (Euhyalomma) scupense Schulze, 1919 (= H. Detritum Schulze) (Acari: ixodidae) and notes on its biology","volume":"57","author":"Apanaskevich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.4.842","article-title":"Experimental Lyme arthritis in rats infected with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"157","author":"Barthold","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjx248","article-title":"Lack of evidence for transovarial transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia mayonii by infected female Ixodes scapularis (Acari: ixodidae) Ticks","volume":"55","author":"Breuner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2015.301-315","article-title":"Tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide","volume":"8","author":"Brites-Neto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01195-08","article-title":"Novel genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from rodents and ticks in southwestern China","volume":"46","author":"Chu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1316-1318.2004","article-title":"First isolation of Borrelia lusitaniae from a human patient","volume":"42","author":"Collares-Pereira","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2016.08.003","article-title":"Emerging borreliae - expanding beyond Lyme borreliosis","volume":"31","author":"Cutler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Probes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0055","first-page":"119","article-title":"Faunistic and taxonomic study of Rodents from northwestern Iran","volume":"10","author":"Darvish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Anim. Biosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1009.030439","article-title":"Borrelia valaisiana in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"10","author":"Diza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00118-12","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of Borrelia crocidurae","volume":"194","author":"Elbir","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6900","DOI":"10.4081\/idr.2017.6900","article-title":"Epidemiological distribution of rodents as potent reservoirs for infectious diseases in the provinces of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan, Northern Iran","volume":"9","author":"Esfandiari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.05.002","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects and molecular characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. from southern Germany with special respect to the new species Borrelia spielmanii sp. nov","volume":"298","author":"Fingerle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/37551","article-title":"Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"390","author":"Fraser","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-4-898","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia species based on flagellin gene sequences and its application for molecular typing of Lyme disease borreliae","volume":"46","author":"Fukunaga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0174727","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174727","article-title":"Epidemiological study of relapsing fever borreliae detected in Haemaphysalis ticks and wild animals in the western part of Japan","volume":"12","author":"Furuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.5.665","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Borrelia parkeri in Ornithodoros parkeri (Ixodida: argasidae) collected in Colorado","volume":"38","author":"Gage","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.01.010","article-title":"Leptospirosis in Caspian Sea littoral, Gilan Province, Iran","volume":"181","author":"Garshasbi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(98)80121-7","article-title":"European reservoir hosts of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato","volume":"287","author":"Gern","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Bakteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0110","first-page":"37","article-title":"Rodent fauna of the western Golestan Province in northeast Iran","volume":"6","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran. J. Anim. Biosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1336-1345.2005","article-title":"Identification of a new Borrelia species among small mammals in areas of northern Spain where Lyme disease is endemic","volume":"71","author":"Gil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209039","article-title":"Meningoencephalitis from Borrelia miyamotoi in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"368","author":"Gugliotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26464-0","article-title":"A novel, fast-growing Borrelia sp. Isolated from the hard tick Hyalomma aegyptium in Turkey","volume":"149","author":"G\u00fcner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05205-0","article-title":"First isolation and characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains from Ixodes ricinus ticks in Turkey","volume":"52","author":"G\u00fcner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0135","first-page":"153","article-title":"The prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks in the Sinop region of Turkey","volume":"31","author":"Gunes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0140","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucl. Acids Symp. Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5353","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR12.361","article-title":"Seroprevalence, geographic distribution and risk factor analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in naturally exposed dogs of Iran","volume":"6","author":"Hanifeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0150","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effect of climatic factors on canine lime borreliosis in Iranian Caspian sea littoral provinces","volume":"68","author":"Hanifeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73066","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073066","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Borrelia burgdorferi suggests existence of lineages with differential pathogenic properties in humans","volume":"8","author":"Hanincova","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0160","first-page":"503","article-title":"The Iranian Hyalomma, with a key to the identification of male species","volume":"2","author":"Hosseini-Chegeni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Persian J. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0165","first-page":"2133","article-title":"The updated list of ticks (Acari: ixodidae & argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species","volume":"24","author":"Hosseini-Chegeni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01535","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01535-14","article-title":"Genome sequence of Borrelia chilensis VA1, a South American member of the Lyme borreliosis group","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4735-4737.2002","article-title":"Apodemus species mice are reservoir hosts of Borrelia garinii OspA serotype 4 in Switzerland","volume":"40","author":"Huegli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0180","first-page":"587","article-title":"The nature of sporadic cases of relapsing fever in Kazeroun area, southern Iran","volume":"70","author":"Janbakhsh","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. Filiales"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2402.160378","article-title":"Borrelia miyamotoi infections in humans and ticks, Northeastern China","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0190","series-title":"Relapsing Fever and Its Epidemiology (in Persian)","author":"Karimi","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0195","first-page":"157","article-title":"Borrelia persica and B. baltazardi sp. nov.: experimental pathogenicity for some animals and comparison of the ultrastructure","volume":"130B","author":"Karimi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann. Microbiol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01557","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01557-16","article-title":"Toward a complete North American Borrelia miyamotoi genome","volume":"5","author":"Kingry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1107","article-title":"Surveillance for and discovery of Borrelia species in US patients suspected of tickborne illness","volume":"66","author":"Kingry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","article-title":"World Map of the K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification updated","volume":"15","author":"Kottek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meteorol. Z."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2391-2","article-title":"Ticks and the city - are there any differences between city parks and natural forests in terms of tick abundance and prevalence of spirochaetes?","volume":"10","author":"Kowalec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0220","article-title":"Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus: rodentia i: sciuridae, Dipodidae, Gliridae, Arvicolinae","author":"Kry\u0161tufek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zgodovinsko dru\u0161tvo za ju\u017eno Primorsko"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01315","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.01315-14","article-title":"Complete genome sequencing of Borrelia valaisiana and Borrelia afzelii isolated from Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Western Siberia","volume":"2","author":"Kurilshikov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0230","first-page":"97","article-title":"Le refuge caspiens et son importance en biog\u00e9ographie","volume":"20","author":"Leestmans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Linn. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000185","article-title":"The genome of Borrelia recurrentis, the agent of deadly louse-borne relapsing fever, is a degraded subset of tick-borne Borrelia duttonii","volume":"4","author":"Lescot","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001929","article-title":"Molecular characterization of \u2018Candidatus Borrelia tachyglossi\u2019 (family Spirochaetaceae) in echidna ticks, Bothriocroton concolor","volume":"67","author":"Loh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.060077","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis and Borrelia spielmanii","volume":"12","author":"Maraspin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.07.022","article-title":"Population genetics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato","volume":"11","author":"Margos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4284","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.052001-0","article-title":"Borrelia bavariensis sp. nov. is widely distributed in Europe and Asia","volume":"63","author":"Margos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208432","article-title":"The genus Borrelia reloaded","volume":"13","author":"Margos","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"401","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0265","article-title":"Borrelia bavariensis: vector switch, niche invasion, and geographical spread of a tick-borne bacterial parasite","volume":"7","author":"Margos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2009.01.009","article-title":"The epidemiology of tick-borne relapsing fever in Iran during 1997-2006","volume":"7","author":"Masoumi Asl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.3.479","article-title":"Capacity of European animals as reservoir hosts for the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"165","author":"Matuschka","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.01.007","article-title":"Detection of Borrelia theileri in Rhipicephalus geigyi from Mali","volume":"5","author":"Mccoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.03.008","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of a relapsing fever Borrelia recovered from Ornithodoros rudis in Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Leal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41686-0","article-title":"Genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato detected in 16 mammal species and questing ticks from Northern Europe","volume":"9","author":"Mysterud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00801-12","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the spirochete Borrelia microti, a potential agent of relapsing fever in Iran","volume":"50","author":"Naddaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.141715","article-title":"Tickborne relapsing fever in southern Iran, 2011-2013","volume":"21","author":"Naddaf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.07.006","article-title":"Relapsing fever causative agent in Southern Iran is a closely related species to East African borreliae","volume":"8","author":"Naddaf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.03.008","article-title":"Molecular identification of Borrelia genus in questing hard ticks from Portugal: phylogenetic characterization of two novel relapsing fever-like Borrelia sp","volume":"40","author":"Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/0049475519843387","article-title":"Systematic review of Lyme disease in Turkey","volume":"49","author":"Onal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. Doct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.103","article-title":"A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay of Borrelia burgdorferi 16S rRNA for highly sensitive quantification of pathogen load in a vector","volume":"6","author":"Ornstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1086\/319347","article-title":"Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat","volume":"32","author":"Parola","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn083","article-title":"jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging","volume":"25","author":"Posada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0335","first-page":"138","article-title":"Detection of Borrelia persica infection in Ornithodoros tholozani using PCR targeting rrs gene and Xenodiagnosis","volume":"40","author":"Rafinejad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.4.1444-1449.2004","article-title":"Identification of three clinically relevant Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA spacer amplicons","volume":"42","author":"Ranka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0345","first-page":"419","article-title":"K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification of Iran and investigating its changes during 20th century","volume":"43","author":"Raziei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Earth Space Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2007.45.4.307","article-title":"Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran","volume":"45","author":"Razmi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-8913201402005","article-title":"An alternative and rapid method for the extraction of nucleic acids from ixodid ticks by potassium acetate procedure","volume":"57","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029","article-title":"MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space","volume":"61","author":"Ronquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080724","article-title":"Poleward expansion of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) under climate change: implications for the spread of lyme disease","volume":"8","author":"Roy-Dufresne","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01498.x","article-title":"Molecular detection of Borrelia bissettii DNA in serum samples from patients in the Czech Republic with suspected borreliosis","volume":"292","author":"Rudenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01722","article-title":"Infection kinetics and tropism of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in mouse after natural (via ticks) or artificial (needle) infection depends on the bacterial strain","volume":"9","author":"Sertour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.12.020","article-title":"A case of canine borreliosis in Iran caused by Borrelia persica","volume":"7","author":"Shirani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.8.1723-1727.1989","article-title":"Ear punch biopsy method for detection and isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from rodents","volume":"27","author":"Sinsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3855.1.1","article-title":"Annotated checklist and distribution of the lizards of Iran","volume":"3855","author":"Smid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0395","first-page":"108","article-title":"Hard tick species of livestock and their bioecology in Golestan province, North of Iran","volume":"8","author":"Sofizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Arthropod. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","article-title":"RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies","volume":"30","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60103-7","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"379","author":"Stanek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0410","first-page":"2970","article-title":"Impact of the experimental removal of lizards on Lyme disease risk","volume":"278","author":"Swei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02544-10","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing implicates rodents as the main reservoir host of human-pathogenic Borrelia garinii in Japan","volume":"49","author":"Takano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00098","article-title":"Relapsing fevers: neglected tick-borne diseases","volume":"8","author":"Talagrand-Reboul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00541-10","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of a virulent Borrelia species isolated from patients with relapsing fever","volume":"48","author":"Toledo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0435","series-title":"The Genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae): a Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World","author":"Walker","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0440","series-title":"Ticks of Domestic Animals in Africa. A Guide to Identification of Species. Bioscience Reports: Edinburgh, UK","first-page":"74","author":"Walker","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc12c05s34","article-title":"Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0450","first-page":"231","article-title":"[Significance of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the ecology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato] (in Polish)","volume":"53","author":"Wodecka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wiad. Parazytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7088","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05437-11","article-title":"flaB gene as a molecular marker for distinct identification of Borrelia species in environmental samples by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method","volume":"77","author":"Wodecka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.013508-0","article-title":"A comparative analysis of molecular markers for the detection and identification of Borrelia spirochaetes in Ixodes ricinus","volume":"59","author":"Wodecka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0721","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis in northern Iran by nested polymerase chain reaction\/restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods","volume":"82","author":"Zakeri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500_bib0470","series-title":"Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East","author":"Zohary","year":"1973"}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X20300406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X20300406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:41:09Z","timestamp":1778830869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X20300406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X20300406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infection of hard ticks in the Caspian Sea littoral of Iran with Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever borreliae","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101500","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101500"}}