{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1794307838155,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T01:47:24Z","timestamp":1648259244000},"page":"101944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Personal protection measures to prevent tick bites in the United States: Knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"Eisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.03.008","article-title":"In vitro bioassays used in evaluating plant extracts for tick repellent and acaricidal properties: a critical review","volume":"254","author":"Adenubi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1539-2","article-title":"Factors associated with preventive behaviors regarding Lyme disease in Canada and Switzerland: a comparative study","volume":"15","author":"Aenishaenslin","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.09.007","article-title":"Evidence of rapid changes in Lyme disease awareness in Canada","volume":"7","author":"Aenishaenslin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.10.006","article-title":"Exposure and preventive behaviours toward ticks and Lyme disease in Canada: results from a first national survey","volume":"8","author":"Aenishaenslin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.01.032","article-title":"Revisiting detachment techniques in human-biting ticks","volume":"75","author":"Akin Belli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00051556","article-title":"Preliminary studies on virus and spirochete accumulation in the cement plug of Ixodid ticks","volume":"20","author":"Alekseev","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2836-4","article-title":"Prevention of tick bites: an evaluation of a smartphone app","volume":"17","author":"Antonise-Kamp","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0008","first-page":"916","article-title":"Risk of Lyme disease: perceptions of residents of a lone star tick-infested community","volume":"79","author":"Armstrong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. W.H.O."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0009","first-page":"181","article-title":"Prevention of tick bites and protection against tick-borne diseases in south-eastern Poland","volume":"15","author":"Bartosik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.01.001","article-title":"Knowledge and prevention of tick-borne diseases vary across an urban-to-rural human land-use gradient","volume":"4","author":"Bayles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12864","article-title":"Tick bite frequency, prevention practices and Lyme disease diagnoses among U.S. Hispanic survey respondents","volume":"68","author":"Beck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zoonoses Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-225","article-title":"Study on public perceptions and protective behaviors regarding Lyme disease among the general public in the Netherlands: implications for prevention programs","volume":"13","author":"Beaujean","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1148","article-title":"Determinants and protective behaviours regarding tick bites among school children in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Beaujean","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3146-2","article-title":"Comparing the effect of a leaflet and a movie in preventing tick bites and Lyme disease in the Netherlands","volume":"16","author":"Beaujean","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3811-5","article-title":"Education on tick bite and Lyme borreliosis prevention, aimed at schoolchildren in the Netherlands: comparing the effects of an online educational video game versus a leaflet or no intervention","volume":"16","author":"Beaujean","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5095-1","article-title":"Tick repellents and acaricides of botanical origin: a green roadmap to control tick-borne diseases?","volume":"115","author":"Benelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511163332004","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of Lyme disease in southern Sweden","volume":"333","author":"Berglund","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9235-x","article-title":"Efficacy of the new repellent BioUD\u00ae against three species of Ixodid ticks","volume":"48","author":"Bissinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2009.09.010","article-title":"Tick repellents: past, present, and future","volume":"96","author":"Bissinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101515","article-title":"Context matters: contrasting behavioral and residential risk factors for Lyme disease between high-incidence states in the northeastern and midwestern United States","volume":"11","author":"Bron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa234","article-title":"Assessing recognition of the vector of Lyme disease using resin-embedded specimens in a Lyme endemic area","volume":"58","author":"Bron","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.03.019","article-title":"Repellent efficacy of DEET, Icaridin, and EBAAP against Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis nymphs (Acari, Ixodidae)","volume":"6","author":"B\u00fcchel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11120863","article-title":"Tick preventive behaviors and practices adopted by medical students from Poland, Germany, and Thailand in relation to socio-demographic conditions and their knowledge of ticks and tick-borne diseases","volume":"11","author":"Buczek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.12.003","article-title":"Tick-borne disease preventive practices and perceptions in an endemic area","volume":"7","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-40.5.732","article-title":"A cautionary note: survival of nymphs of two species of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) among clothes laundered in an automatic washer","volume":"40","author":"Carroll","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.4.596","article-title":"Different activities and footwear influence exposure to host-seeking nymphs of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"38","author":"Carroll","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1989.tb01294.x","article-title":"An extract of Commiphora erythraea: a repellent and toxicant against ticks","volume":"53","author":"Carroll","year":"1989","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.2.249","article-title":"Comparative activity of deet and AI3-37220 repellents against the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in laboratory bioassays","volume":"41","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2005.00559.x","article-title":"Repellency of deet and SS220 applied to skin involves olfactory sensing by two species of ticks","volume":"19","author":"Carroll","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-007-9057-2","article-title":"Repellency of two terpenoid compounds isolated from Callicarpa americana (Lamiaceae) against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks","volume":"41","author":"Carroll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-009-9329-0","article-title":"Elemol and amyris oil repel the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in laboratory bioassays","volume":"51","author":"Carroll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0032","series-title":"Recent Developments in Invertebrate Repellents","first-page":"97","article-title":"Using lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), in in vitro laboratory bioassays of repellents: dimensions, duration, and variability","author":"Carroll","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-016-0058-x","article-title":"Repellency to ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of extracts of Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) and the anti-inflammatory DogsBestFriendTM","volume":"70","author":"Carroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.4.706","article-title":"Prolonged efficacy of IR3535 repellents against mosquitoes and blacklegged ticks in North America","volume":"45","author":"Carroll","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0035","first-page":"354","article-title":"Lyme disease prevention \u2013 knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors among high school students in an endemic area","volume":"53","author":"Cartter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Connecticut Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0036","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 2021a. Preventing tick bites. Accessed 10 August 2021; https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ticks\/avoid\/on_people.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0037","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 2021b. Tick removal and testing. Accessed 10 August 2021; https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lyme\/removal\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14635240.2021.1920045","article-title":"Training initiatives that enhance knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease: a systematic review","author":"Coderre-Ball","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Promot. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.21767\/AMJ.2017.2804","article-title":"Methods of tick removal: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Coleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.04.026","article-title":"Peridomestic Lyme disease prevention - results of a population-based case-control study","volume":"37","author":"Connally","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy138","article-title":"Impact of wearing and washing\/drying of permethrin-treated clothing on their contact irritancy and toxicity for nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks","volume":"56","author":"Connally","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0374","article-title":"Strategies for primary and secondary prevention of Lyme disease","volume":"3","author":"Corapi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12659","article-title":"Seasonality and anatomical location of human tick bites in the United Kingdom","volume":"67","author":"Cull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoonoses Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198106294646","article-title":"A controlled trial of a novel primary prevention program for Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses","volume":"34","author":"Daltroy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Educ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1570-7458.1999.00511.x","article-title":"A novel test system for detection of tick repellents","volume":"91","author":"Dautel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.11.007","article-title":"Efficacy testing of several Ixodes ricinus tick repellents: different results with different assays","volume":"4","author":"Dautel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.4.748","article-title":"Removal of attached nymphs and adults of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"30","author":"de Boer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.097","article-title":"Targeting a global health problem: vaccine design and challenges for the control of tick-borne diseases","volume":"35","author":"de la Fuente","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12768","article-title":"Love the ones you're with: characteristics and behaviour of Maryland pets and their owners in relation to tick encounters","volume":"67","author":"de Wet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoonoses Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0050","series-title":"Recent Developments in Invertebrate Repellents","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of arthropod repellents","author":"Dolan","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jort.2018.02.003","article-title":"Tick-borne disease occupational risks and behaviors of Florida fish, wildlife, and parks service employees \u2013 a health belief model perspective","volume":"22","author":"Donohoe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Outdoor Recreat. Tour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.3.0700268","article-title":"Duration of tick attachment required for transmission of Powassan virus by deer ticks","volume":"71","author":"Ebel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.03.005","article-title":"Tick paralysis","volume":"22","author":"Edlow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.002","article-title":"Pathogen transmission in relation to duration of attachment by Ixodes scapularis ticks","volume":"9","author":"Eisen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101649","article-title":"Control of ixodid ticks and prevention of tick-borne diseases in the United States: the prospect of a new Lyme disease vaccine and the continuing problem with tick exposure on residential properties","volume":"12","author":"Eisen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw103","volume":"53","author":"Eisen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw092","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the linkage between tick-based risk measures and the occurrence of Lyme disease cases","volume":"53","author":"Eisen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0058","series-title":"Ecology and Prevention of Lyme Borreliosis","first-page":"429","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis prevention strategies: united States versus Europe","author":"Eisen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa079","article-title":"Barriers to effective tick management and tick-bite prevention in the United States (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"58","author":"Eisen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.06.010","article-title":"Bioassays to evaluate non-contact spatial repellency, contact irritancy, and acute toxicity of permethrin-treated clothing against nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks","volume":"8","author":"Eisen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.12.006","article-title":"The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis: an increasing health concern","volume":"34","author":"Eisen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0062","unstructured":"Eisen, R.J., Mead, P.M., 2020. Prevention of Lyme disease. Up to date article. Accessed 10 August 2021; https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/prevention-of-lyme-disease."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa087","article-title":"Tick and tickborne pathogen surveillance as a public health tool in the United States","volume":"58","author":"Eisen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx005","article-title":"Tick-borne Zoonoses in the United States: persistent and emerging threats to human health","volume":"58","author":"Eisen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0065","unstructured":"EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2021. Find the repellent that is right for you. Accessed 10 August 2021; https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/insect-repellents\/find-repellent-right-you."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/27.5.829","article-title":"Comparative field evaluation of permethrin and deet-treated military uniforms for personal protection against ticks (Acari)","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0067","unstructured":"Evolva, 2021. NootkaShield. Accessed 10 August 2021; https:\/\/nootkashield.com."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115057","article-title":"Ticks parasitizing humans in a Lyme disease endemic area of southern New York state","volume":"128","author":"Falco","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008728","article-title":"Duration of tick bites in a Lyme disease-endemic area","volume":"143","author":"Falco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2007.11.007","article-title":"Preventive effect of permethrin-impregnated clothing to Ixodes ricinus ticks and associated Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in Germany","volume":"298","author":"Faulde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4232-y","article-title":"Pilot study assessing the effectiveness of factory-treated, long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing for the prevention of tick bites during occupational tick exposure in highly infested military training areas, Germany","volume":"114","author":"Faulde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.3.361","article-title":"Attachment sites of four tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing humans in Georgia and South Carolina","volume":"36","author":"Felz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84758","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084758","article-title":"Integrated assessment of behavioral and environmental risk factors for Lyme disease infection on Block island, Rhode island","volume":"9","author":"Finch","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa283","volume":"58","author":"Fleshman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa008","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of human personal protective measures against the nymphal stage of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"57","author":"Foster","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.6.1064","article-title":"A prospective cross-over field trial shows protection of lemon eucalyptus extract against tick bites","volume":"41","author":"Gardulf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1408-6","article-title":"Factors associated with tick bites and pathogen prevalence in ticks parasitizing humans in Georgia, USA","volume":"9","author":"Gleim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/29.3.501","article-title":"Ecological studies of adult Ixodes scapularis in Central Mississippi: questing activity in relation to time of year, vegetation type, and meteorologic conditions","volume":"29","author":"Goddard","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0080","first-page":"195","article-title":"Observations on questing activity of adult gulf coast ticks, Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae), in Mississippi, U.S.A","volume":"16","author":"Goddard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.10.1225","article-title":"Lyme disease in New Jersey outdoor workers: a statewide survey of seroprevalence and tick exposure","volume":"80","author":"Goldstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz872","article-title":"Protective immunity and new vaccines for Lyme disease","volume":"70","author":"Gomes-Solecki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0221","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding Lyme disease prevention among Connecticut residents, 1999-2004","volume":"8","author":"Gould","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0084","series-title":"Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) Parasitizing Humans: A Global Overview","author":"Guglielmone","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.01.006","article-title":"Knowledge and preventive behaviors towards tick-borne diseases in delaware","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916595274001","article-title":"Precautions taken against Lyme disease at three recreational parks in endemic areas of New Jersey","volume":"27","author":"Hallman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1363","article-title":"Exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi and other tick-borne pathogens in Gettysburg national military park, south-central Pennsylvania, 2009","volume":"14","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e49","article-title":"The effect of long-lasting permethrin impregnated socks on tick bite in Korea","volume":"36","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-008-9187-6","article-title":"Behavioral and attitudes survey about Lyme disease among a Brazilian population in the endemic area of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts","volume":"12","author":"Heller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immigr. Minor Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2003.10.010","article-title":"Risk perceptions regarding ticks and Lyme disease - a national survey","volume":"26","author":"Herrington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.12.2035","article-title":"Predisposing factors for individuals' Lyme disease prevention practices: Connecticut, Maine, and Montana","volume":"87","author":"Herrington","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.03.017","article-title":"U.S. public's experience with ticks and tick-borne diseases: results from national HealthSyles surveys","volume":"6","author":"Hook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa230","article-title":"Spray safe, play safe: story-based films increase homeowner confidence about backyard tick management","volume":"58","author":"Hornbostel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12627","article-title":"Knowledge and prevention of tickborne diseases among Hispanic and non-Hispanic residents of Maryland and Virginia","volume":"66","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zoonoses Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.06.001","article-title":"Tick bites in a Lyme borreliosis highly endemic area in Switzerland","volume":"299","author":"H\u00fcgli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12257","article-title":"Effective methods for tick removal: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Huygelen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Evid. Based Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0097","first-page":"46","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Lyme disease prevention among employees, day visitors, and campers at Greenbelt Park","volume":"32","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Park Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12369","article-title":"Pet ownership increases owner risk of encountering ticks","volume":"65","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zoonoses Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00440-3","article-title":"Risk factors for tick exposure and suboptimal adherence to preventive recommendations","volume":"23","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211778","article-title":"The growing importance of lone star ticks in a Lyme disease endemic county: passive tick surveillance in Monmouth County, NJ, 2006\u20132016","volume":"14","author":"Jordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10241","article-title":"Efficacy of plant-derived and synthetic compounds on clothing as repellents against Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"49","author":"Jordan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12669","article-title":"Lyme disease prevention: a content analysis of Canadian patient group and government websites","volume":"67","author":"Journault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoonoses Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00789-w","article-title":"Associations between personal protective measures and self-reported tick-borne disease diagnosis in Indiana residents","volume":"45","author":"Kianersi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289603500705","article-title":"Environmental and life-style risk factors for Lyme disease in children","volume":"35","author":"Klein","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-021-01041-9","article-title":"Tick-borne disease prevention behaviors among participants in a tick surveillance system compared with a sample of master gardeners","volume":"47","author":"Kopsco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01193304","article-title":"Treatment of clothing with a permethrin spray for personal protection against the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"6","author":"Lane","year":"1989","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/21.6.692","article-title":"Efficacy of permethrin as a repellent and toxicant for personal protection against the Pacific coast tick and the pajaroello tick (Acari: Ixodidae and Argasidae)","volume":"21","author":"Lane","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116448","article-title":"Risk factors for Lyme disease in a small rural community in northern California","volume":"136","author":"Lane","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.2.239","article-title":"Human behaviors elevating exposure to Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs and their associated bacterial zoonotic agents in a hardwood forest","volume":"41","author":"Lane","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1215","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA), American academy of neurology (AAN), and American college of rheumatology (ACR): 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease","volume":"72","author":"Lantos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0111","first-page":"287","article-title":"Applying educational psychology and instructional technology to health care issues: combating Lyme disease","volume":"24","author":"Lawless","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Instr. Media"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101637","article-title":"Prevalence of single and coinfections of human pathogens in Ixodes ticks from five geographical regions in the United States, 2013\u20132019","volume":"12","author":"Lehane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0113","first-page":"585","article-title":"Minimal duration of tick attachment sufficient for transmission of infectious Rickettsia rickettsii (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) by its primary vector Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae): duration of rickettsial reactivation in the vector revisited","volume":"57","author":"Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/142.Supplement_9.S39","article-title":"Case-control study of risk factors for incident Lyme disease in California","volume":"142","author":"Ley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.04.010","article-title":"Predicting spatiotemporal patterns of Lyme disease incidence from passively collected surveillance data for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-infected Ixodes scapularis ticks","volume":"10","author":"Little","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0116","first-page":"489","article-title":"Comparison of self-assessment and scutal index for the duration of Ixodes ricinus tick attachment","volume":"114","author":"Logar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Wiener Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg076","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of an educational intervention for preventing tick bites in an area with endemic Lyme disease in Baltimore County, Maryland","volume":"157","author":"Malouin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2004.tb00368.x","article-title":"Factors influencing the utilization of Lyme disease-prevention behaviors in a high-risk population","volume":"16","author":"McKenna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0119","series-title":"Critical Needs and Gaps in Understanding Prevention, Amelioration, and Resolution of Lyme and Other Tick-Borne Diseases","first-page":"165","article-title":"Education, behavior change, and other non-pharmaceutical measures against Lyme and other tick-borne diseases","author":"Mead","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.11.006","article-title":"Risk factors for tick exposure in suburban settings in the northeastern United States","volume":"9","author":"Mead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018421105231","article-title":"Questing behaviour of Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"21","author":"Mejlon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0122","first-page":"102","article-title":"A state-by-state survey of ticks recorded from humans in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Merten","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10158","article-title":"Tick bite protection with permethrin-treated summer-weight clothing","volume":"48","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04343-4","article-title":"Association between lone star tick bites and increased alpha\u2011gal sensitization: evidence from a prospective cohort of outdoor workers","volume":"13","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjaa061","article-title":"Protective effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin impregnated clothing against tick bites in an endemic Lyme disease setting: a randomized control trial among outdoor workers","volume":"57","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1911661","article-title":"Bracing for the worst \u2013 range expansion of the lone star tick in the northeastern United States","volume":"381","author":"Molaei","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/76.3.529","article-title":"Pressurized sprays of permethrin and deet on clothing for personal protection against the lone star tick and the American dog tick (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"76","author":"Mount","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0774","article-title":"Ticking all the boxes? A systematic review of education and communication interventions to prevent tick-borne disease","volume":"12","author":"Mowbray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.01.006","article-title":"Predictors of protective behaviour against ticks in the UK: a mixed methods study","volume":"5","author":"Mowbray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101369","article-title":"Ixodes scapularis saliva components that elicit responses associated with acquired tick-resistance","volume":"11","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12808","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12808","article-title":"Acquired tick resistance: the trail is hot","volume":"43","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101605","article-title":"Experiences with tick exposure, Lyme disease, and use of personal prevention methods for tick bites among members of the U.S. population, 2013\u20132015","volume":"12","author":"Nawrocki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.6.997","article-title":"Evaluation of five popular methods for tick removal","volume":"75","author":"Needham","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.04.016","article-title":"The heat is on: killing blacklegged ticks in residential washers and dryers to prevent tickborne diseases","volume":"7","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101714","article-title":"Experience and knowledge of Lyme disease: a scoping review of patient-provider communication","volume":"12","author":"Nesgos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.07.008","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding tick-borne disease prevention measures in endemic areas","volume":"10","author":"Niesobecki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E37","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001295","article-title":"Willingness to pay for select tickborne disease prevention measures in endemic areas","volume":"28","author":"Niesobecki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Publ. Health Manag. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199644","article-title":"Using citizen science to describe the prevalence and distribution of tick bite and exposure to tick-borne diseases in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Nieto","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3958\/059.045.0202","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ticks, tick-borne pathogens, and tick prevention among beef producers in Oklahoma","volume":"45","author":"Noden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Southwest Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-20.6.379","article-title":"An evaluation of a Lyme disease prevention program in a working population","volume":"20","author":"Nolan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Promot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00489-z","article-title":"Botanical acaricides and repellents in tick control: current status and future directions","volume":"81","author":"Nwanade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101647","article-title":"Preventing tick-bites among children in Indiana, USA: an analysis of factors associated with parental protective behaviors","volume":"12","author":"Omodior","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E210","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001070","article-title":"Prevalence of risk and protective factors for tick exposure and tick-borne disease among residents of Indiana","volume":"27","author":"Omodior","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Publ. Health Manage. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00803-1","article-title":"Predictors of tick exposure risk-reduction behavior in Indiana","volume":"45","author":"Omodior","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009462","article-title":"Emergence of Lyme disease in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, 1993: a case-control study of risk factors and evaluation of reporting patterns","volume":"147","author":"Orloski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1410","article-title":"Tick repellents for human use: prevention of tick bites and tick-borne diseases","volume":"14","author":"Pages","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.3.352","article-title":"Use of novel compounds for pest control: insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oil components from heartwood of Alaska yellow cedar","volume":"42","author":"Panella","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0148","first-page":"165","article-title":"Lyme disease in outdoor workers on Assateague Island: high tick-exposure but low disease risk","volume":"42","author":"Parrott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Maryland Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00315-9","article-title":"Lyme disease and preventive behaviors in residents of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","volume":"20","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.3.509","article-title":"Protection against Lyme disease spirochete transmission provided by prompt removal of nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"39","author":"Piesman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-019-0173-0","article-title":"Citizen science informs human-tick exposure in the northeastern United States","volume":"18","author":"Porter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Health Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0152","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Contact irritancy and toxicity of permethrin-treated clothing for Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"55","author":"Prose","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2014.963033","article-title":"Effectiveness of permethrin-treated clothing to prevent tick exposure in foresters in the central Appalachian region of the USA","volume":"25","author":"Richards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.11.004","article-title":"Interventions to prevent Lyme disease in humans: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Richardson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Med. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3468-x","article-title":"Counterattacking the tick bite: towards a rational design of anti-tick vaccines targeting pathogen transmission","volume":"12","author":"Rego","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6717e1","article-title":"Vital signs: trends in reported vectorborne disease cases \u2014 united states and territories, 2004\u20132016","volume":"67","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.06.004","article-title":"Time of year and outdoor recreation affect human exposure to ticks in California, United States","volume":"10","author":"Salkeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09629-x","article-title":"Tickborne disease awareness and protective practices among U.S. forest service employees from the upper Midwest, USA","volume":"20","author":"Schotthoefer","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/73.3.436","article-title":"Permethrin and repellents as clothing impregnants for protection from the lone star tick","volume":"73","author":"Schreck","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/19.2.143","article-title":"Wear and wash persistence of permethrin used as a clothing treatment for personal protection against the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"19","author":"Schreck","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/75.6.1059","article-title":"Pressurized sprays of permethrin on clothing for personal protection against the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"75","author":"Schreck","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/23.4.396","article-title":"Pressurized sprays of permethrin or deet on military clothing for personal protection against Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"23","author":"Schreck","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0163","first-page":"136","article-title":"Activity of repellents applied to skin for protection against Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"11","author":"Schreck","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115578","article-title":"Lyme disease in outdoor workers: risk factors, preventive measures, and tick removal methods","volume":"131","author":"Schwartz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30173-9","article-title":"Determinants of tick-avoidance behaviors in an endemic area for Lyme disease","volume":"13","author":"Shadick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1942","article-title":"A school-based intervention to increase Lyme disease preventive measures among elementary school-aged children","volume":"16","author":"Shadick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.2.485","article-title":"Location of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) attachment sites on humans in North Carolina","volume":"30","author":"Slaff","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198286","article-title":"Learning to live with ticks? The role of exposure and risk perceptions in protective behaviour against tick-borne diseases","volume":"13","author":"Slunge","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/116.S1.146","article-title":"Risk factors for Lyme disease in Chester County, Pennsylvania","volume":"116","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Publ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31863.x","article-title":"Occupational risk of Lyme disease in endemic areas of New York state","volume":"539","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030478","article-title":"Range expansion of tick disease vectors in North America: implications for spread of tick-borne disease","volume":"15","author":"Sonenshine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1086\/514009","article-title":"Duration of tick attachment as a predictor of the risk of Lyme disease in an area in which Lyme disease is endemic","volume":"175","author":"Sood","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0173","unstructured":"Stafford, K.C., 2017. Prevention of ticks and tick-associated disease in companion animals. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Fact Sheet, New Haven, CT, USA, 9 pp., https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/CAES\/Publications."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmx018","article-title":"Integrated pest management in controlling ticks and tick-associated diseases","volume":"8","author":"Stafford","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Integr. Pest Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410021216","article-title":"Detecting ticks on light versus dark clothing","volume":"37","author":"Stjernberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1580\/1080-6032(1998)009[0137:EOTCTR]2.3.CO;2","article-title":"Evaluation of three commercial tick removal tools","volume":"9","author":"Stewart","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1703.2000.00353.x","article-title":"No distributional association between the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and plant surface area","volume":"15","author":"Tsunoda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ecol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0178","unstructured":"USCB (United States Census Bureau), 2021. 2010 Census regions and divisions of the United States. Accessed 10 August 2021; https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/reference-maps\/2010\/geo\/2010-census-regions-and-divisions-of-the-united-states.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000000098","article-title":"Preventive behaviors and knowledge of tick-borne illnesses: results of a survey from an endemic area","volume":"21","author":"Valente","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Publ. Health Manag. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0158","article-title":"Pilot study assessing the effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-impregnated clothing for the prevention of tick bites","volume":"11","author":"Vaughn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.01.008","article-title":"Long-lasting permethrin impregnated uniforms. A randomized-controlled trial for tick bite prevention","volume":"46","author":"Vaughn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070725","article-title":"Effectiveness of personal protective measures to prevent Lyme disease","volume":"14","author":"V\u00e1zquez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.07.018","article-title":"Human behaviors elevating the risk of exposure to Ixodes ricinus larvae and nymphs in two types of lowland coniferous forests in west-central Poland","volume":"7","author":"Wierzbicka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmy006","article-title":"Application of tick control technologies for blacklegged, lone star, and American dog ticks","volume":"9","author":"White","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Integr. Pest Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-362","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus ticks removed from humans in Northern Europe: seasonal pattern of infestation, attachment sites and duration of feeding","volume":"6","author":"Wilhelmsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1912","article-title":"Passive surveillance of Ixodes scapularis (Say), their biting activity, and associated pathogens in Massachusetts","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2323","article-title":"Human-biting Ixodes ticks and pathogen prevalence from California, Oregon, and Washington","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101674","article-title":"Tick exposures and alpha-gal syndrome: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0113","article-title":"Isolongifolenone: a novel sesquiterpene repellent of ticks and mosquitoes","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.07.004","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ticks and tick-borne diseases, Finland","volume":"8","author":"Z\u00f6ldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X22000498?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X22000498?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T08:11:53Z","timestamp":1700381513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X22000498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":189,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X22000498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Personal protection measures to prevent tick bites in the United States: Knowledge gaps, challenges, and opportunities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101944","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101944"}}