{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:52:38Z","timestamp":1789789958063,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T22:22:21Z","timestamp":1673821341000},"page":"102122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Species richness and adaptation of the invasive cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on camps grazed by sheep in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Nyangiwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Qokweni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Goni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.O.","family":"Mapholi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0001","first-page":"63","article-title":"Scanning electron microscope studies on the morphology of immature stages of Ambylomma hebraeum, Koch 1844","volume":"36","author":"Arthur","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Soc. S. Afr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300006088","article-title":"The larvae of some ixodid ticks (Acarina) from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa","volume":"65","author":"Arthur","year":"1975","journal-title":"B. Entomol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx005","article-title":"Tick-borne zoonoses in the United States: persistent and emerging threats to human health","volume":"58","author":"Eisen","year":"2017","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0005","first-page":"81","article-title":"Ticks in the South African zoological survey collection. Part XII. The genera Boophilus Curtice, 1891 and Margaropus Karsch, 1879","volume":"34","author":"Gothe","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ondertepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0006","series-title":"The Hard Ticks of the World (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae)","first-page":"738","author":"Guglielmone","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v76i3.28","article-title":"Species composition and geographic distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in a temperate and in a subtropical region of south-east Africa","volume":"76","author":"Horak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0008","first-page":"10","article-title":"The dynamics of questing ticks collected for 164 consecutive months off the vegetation of two landscape zones in the Kruger National Park (1988\u20132002). I. Total ticks, Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus decoloratus","volume":"78","author":"Horak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution of endemic and introduced tick species in Free State Province, South Africa","volume":"86","author":"Horak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. South. Afr. Vet. Ass."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","article-title":"World map of the K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification updated","volume":"15","author":"Kottek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meteorol. Z."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.12.012","article-title":"A review of reverse vaccinology approaches for the development of vaccines against ticks and tick-borne diseases","volume":"7","author":"Lew-Tabor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-008-9134-1","article-title":"Shifts in the distributional changes of Boophilus ticks in Tanzania: evidence that a parapatric boundary between Boophilus microplus and Boophilus decoloratus follows climate gradients","volume":"44","author":"Lynen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201665","article-title":"Abiotic and habitat drivers of tick vector abundance, diversity, phenology and human encounter risk in southern California","volume":"13","author":"MacDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-019-00429-6","article-title":"A standardized method for the construction of a tick drag\/flag sampling approach and evaluation of sampling efficacy","volume":"79","author":"Newman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0017","unstructured":"Norval, R.A., Horak, I.G., 2004. Vectors: ticks. In: Infectious Diseases of Livestock. Edited by J.A.W. Coetzer & R.C. Tustin: Oxford University Press, Cape Town, South Africa. pp. 3\u201342."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v78i1.320","article-title":"Ticks on pastures and on two breeds of cattle in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"78","author":"Nyangiwe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-013-9705-7","article-title":"Displacement of Rhipicephalus decoloratus by Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: ixodidae) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"61","author":"Nyangiwe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0020","series-title":"The Vegetation of South Africa","first-page":"347","article-title":"Grassland biome, savanna biome and Albany thicket biome","author":"Rutherford","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v77i3.362","article-title":"A survey of free living ixodid ticks on a commercial game farm in the Thabazimbi District, Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"77","author":"Schroder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. South Afr. Vet. Ass."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1603\/0046-225X-31.6.1085","article-title":"Effects of microscale habitat physiognomy on the focal distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: ixodidae) nymphs","volume":"31","author":"Schulze","year":"2002","journal-title":"Enviorn. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0023","unstructured":"Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc. 2016. Users Guide, Version 9. Carry, NC, USA."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v78i1.233","article-title":"The dynamics of questing ticks collected for 164 consecutive months off the vegetation of two land scape zones in the Kruger National Park (1988\u20132002). II. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus zambeziensis","volume":"78","author":"Spickett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0025","unstructured":"Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc. 2016. Users Guide, Version 9. Carry, NC, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-015-9892-5","article-title":"An update on the ecological distribution of the Ixodidae ticks in Zimbabwe","volume":"66","author":"Sungirai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-011-9444-6","article-title":"The effects of sampling method and vegetation type on the estimated abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks in forests","volume":"54","author":"Tack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/B:APPA.0000021789.44411.b5","article-title":"Displacement of Boophilus decoloratus by Boophilus microplus in the Soutpansberg region, Limpopo Province, South Africa","volume":"32","author":"T\u00f8nnesen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0029","series-title":"The Genus Rhipicephalus (Acari, Ixodidae): a Guide to the Brown Ticks of the World","author":"Walker","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-018-0234-2","article-title":"Ecological preferences and seasonal dynamics of ticks (Acari: ixodidae) on and off bovine hosts in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"74","author":"Yawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.01.009","article-title":"In search of the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in the western-central regions of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Yawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne. Dis."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X23000043?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X23000043?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T03:03:46Z","timestamp":1717038226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X23000043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X23000043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Species richness and adaptation of the invasive cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) on camps grazed by sheep in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102122","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102122"}}