{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T05:00:47Z","timestamp":1785214847938,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011091","name":"FOD Volksgezondheid, Veiligheid van de Voedselketen en Leefmilieu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RT19\/1 TIBOPATH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RT19\/1 TIBOPATH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T22:54:23Z","timestamp":1681167263000},"page":"102146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp. and Babesia spp. in cattle serum and questing ticks from Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nadjah Radia","family":"Adjadj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micka\u00ebl","family":"Cargnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefaan","family":"Ribbens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Quinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Malandrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Mignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7191-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.022","article-title":"A Vegetation Index qualifying pasture edges is related to Ixodes ricinus density and to Babesia divergens seroprevalence in dairy cattle herds","volume":"185","author":"Agoulon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711425593","article-title":"Serological cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and an Ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle","volume":"23","author":"Al-Adhami","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagnostic Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4698-2","article-title":"Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum: Rickettsiales pathogens of veterinary and public health significance","volume":"114","author":"Atif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01173.x","article-title":"A review of Bovine anaplasmosis","volume":"58","author":"Aubry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020150","article-title":"Evaluation of disease causality of rare Ixodes ricinus-borne infections in Europe","volume":"9","author":"Azagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1086\/323811","article-title":"The serological response of patients infected with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis","volume":"34","author":"Bakken","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101298","article-title":"Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma ovis\u2013emerging pathogens in the german sheep population","volume":"10","author":"Bauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3448-3451.1999","article-title":"Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and granulocytic and monocytic Ehrlichiae in Ixodes ricinus ticks from southern Germany","volume":"37","author":"Baumgarten","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1885","article-title":"Increase in ticks and lyme borreliosis, yet research into its prevention on the Wane","volume":"16","author":"Beaujean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0010","first-page":"65","article-title":"Presence of potentially pathogenic Babesia Sp. for human in Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland","volume":"13","author":"Casati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Agric Env. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2380","article-title":"Lyme disease","volume":"34","author":"Chomel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. Int. Off. Epiz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-183","article-title":"Ticks and associated pathogens collected from dogs and cats in Belgium","volume":"6","author":"Claerebout","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2011.06.004","article-title":"Human anaplasmosis in Belgium: a 10-year seroepidemiological study","volume":"2","author":"Cochez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.009","article-title":"Geodemographic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato using the 5S-23S rDNA spacer region","volume":"17","author":"Coipan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004","article-title":"Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"42","author":"Courtney","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2860-2","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Belgian forestry workers and associated risk factors","volume":"11","author":"De Keukeleire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6938","DOI":"10.2741\/3200","article-title":"Overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals","volume":"13","author":"de la Fuente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.09.011","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of Anaplasma ovis strains","volume":"119","author":"de la Fuente","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0019","series-title":"Ehrlichiose bovine. Arsia ASBL- Rapport Annuel","author":"Delooz","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0020","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Serologic cross-reactivity between Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma phagocytophilum","volume":"12","author":"Dreher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00061","article-title":"Opening the black box of Anaplasma phagocytophilum diversity: current situation and future perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Dugat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-6-2145","volume":"51","author":"Dumler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050898","article-title":"Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum","volume":"11","author":"Dumler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0024","first-page":"371","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic and wild animals from central Italy","volume":"31","author":"Ebani","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.59","article-title":"Seroprevalence of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae infection in domestic ruminants in khartoum state, sudan","volume":"3","author":"Eisawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05139-w","article-title":"No molecular detection of tick \u2011 borne pathogens in the blood of patients with erythema migrans in Belgium","volume":"15","author":"Geebelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1086\/313701","article-title":"Q fever endocarditis associated with extensive serological cross- reactivity","volume":"30","author":"Graham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.12.001","article-title":"Emergence of bovine ehrlichiosis in Belgian cattle herds","volume":"2","author":"Guyot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.02.016","article-title":"Molecular and serological prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle of North Central Morocco","volume":"93","author":"Hamou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234725","article-title":"Presence of roe deer affects the occurrence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in questing Ixodes ricinus in different habitat types of central Europe","volume":"16","author":"Ham\u0161\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04049-7","article-title":"Transovarial transmission of Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus under field conditions extrapolated from DNA detection in questing larvae","volume":"13","author":"Hauck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0032","unstructured":"Hermy, M., Geebelen, L., Leroy, M., Lernout, T., 2021. Surveillance des morsues de tiques en Belgique -Tiquesnet 2021. Sciensano, \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie des maladies infectieuses, Bruxelles. Available at https:\/\/tiquesnet.sciensano.be\/reports\/Surveillance%20des%20morsures%20de%20tiques_TiquesNet%202021_Final.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00532-07","article-title":"Human pathogenic Borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. resists complement-mediated killing by direct binding of immune regulators factor H and factor H-like protein 1","volume":"75","author":"Herzberger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13164","article-title":"Co-infections and transmission dynamics in a tick-borne bacterium community exposed to songbirds","volume":"18","author":"Heylen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2423-y","article-title":"Pathogen communities of songbird-derived ticks in Europe's low countries","volume":"10","author":"Heylen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.118","article-title":"A clear and present danger: tick-borne diseases in Europe","volume":"8","author":"Heyman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0037","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review of zoonotic babesiosis as an emerging public health threat in Asia","volume":"11","author":"Hussain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.315","article-title":"Serological and molecular survey of rickettsial infection in cattle and sika deer in a pastureland in Hidaka District, Hokkaido, Japan","volume":"61","author":"Jilintai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219184","article-title":"First detection and molecular identification of the zoonotic Anaplasma capra in deer in France","volume":"14","author":"Jouglin","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101934","article-title":"Anaplasma capra in sheep and goats on Corsica Island, France: a European lineage within A. capra clade II?","volume":"13","author":"Jouglin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106299","article-title":"Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection rates in questing and host-attached ticks: a global systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"228","author":"Karshima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2010.069","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ticks in Belgium","volume":"65","author":"Kesteman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-019-00854-w","article-title":"High tick abundance and diversity of tick-borne pathogens in a Finnish city","volume":"22","author":"Klemola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0044","first-page":"141","article-title":"Molecular investigation of Anaplasma spp. in domestic and wildlife animals in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"13","author":"Koh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.11.007","article-title":"Human babesiosis","volume":"49","author":"Krause","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02298-3","article-title":"Host association of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato \u2013 the key role of host complement","volume":"10","author":"Kurtenbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2661-7","article-title":"Co-circulation of different A. phagocytophilum variants within cattle herds and possible reservoir role for cattle","volume":"11","author":"Lagr\u00e9e","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0189","article-title":"First molecular evidence of potentially zoonotic Babesia Microti and Babesia sp. Eu1 in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Belgium","volume":"11","author":"Lempereur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2657-0","article-title":"Longitudinal field study on bovine Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections during a grazing season in Belgium","volume":"110","author":"Lempereur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.07.004","article-title":"A retrospective serological survey on human babesiosis in Belgium","volume":"21","author":"Lempereur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0051","unstructured":"Lernout, T., Tersago, K., 2018. Recherche de pathog\u00e8nes pr\u00e9sents chez les tiques 2017. Sciensano, \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie des maladies infectieuses, Bruxelles. Available at https:\/\/tiquesnet.sciensano.be\/reports\/Pathog%C3%A8nes%20chez%20les%20tiques%202017.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3806-z","article-title":"Prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from humans through citizen science in Belgium","volume":"12","author":"Lernout","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)70051-4","article-title":"Human infection with a novel tick-borne Anaplasma species in China: A surveillance study","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1513","article-title":"Molecular and serological study of rickettsial infection in humans, and in wild and farm animals, in the Province of Burgos, Spain","volume":"14","author":"Lled\u00f3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105282","article-title":"An overview of rickettsiae in Southeast Asia: Vector-animal-human interface","volume":"202","author":"Low","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165007","article-title":"Assessment of domestic goats as models for experimental and natural infection with the North American isolate of Rickettsia slovaca","volume":"11","author":"Lukovsky-Akhsanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10010028","article-title":"Co-Infection with Anaplasma species and novel genetic variants detected in cattle and goats in the Republic of Korea","volume":"10","author":"Miranda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3352-3354.1998","article-title":"Genetic Heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Belgium","volume":"36","author":"Misonne","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00505","article-title":"Spotted fever: Epidemiology and vector-Rickettsia-host relationship in Rio de Janeiro state","volume":"8","author":"Montenegro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-187","article-title":"Spatial and seasonal variation in the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in Norway","volume":"6","author":"Mysterud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit. Vect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2890-9","article-title":"Tick abundance, pathogen prevalence, and disease incidence in two contrasting regions at the northern distribution range of Europe","volume":"11","author":"Mysterud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.0972","article-title":"Evaluation of the presence of Rickettsia slovaca infection in domestic ruminants in Catalonia, Northeastern Spain","volume":"12","author":"Ortu\u00f1o","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0063","first-page":"253","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis in cattle and horses: a review of the literature","volume":"82","author":"Parker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-13","article-title":"Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: A geographic approach","volume":"26","author":"Parola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1876532","article-title":"The first detection of Anaplasma capra, an emerging zoonotic Anaplasma sp., in erythrocytes","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00283","article-title":"Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Anaplasma capra: An emerging pathogen in sheep and goats in China","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1966","article-title":"Guidelines for the Detection of Rickettsia spp","volume":"17","author":"Portillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.09.009","article-title":"Rickettsioses in Europe","volume":"17","author":"Portillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-013-0732-9","article-title":"Comparing red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) dispersal patterns in southern Belgium","volume":"59","author":"Pr\u00e9vot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)33209-0","article-title":"Babesia divergens in splenectomised calves: immunogenicity of lyophilised plasma from an infected animal","volume":"23","author":"Purnell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0866-2","article-title":"Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi species and identification of Borrelia valaisiana in questing Ixodes ricinus in the Lyon region of France as determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism","volume":"22","author":"Quessada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0072","series-title":"Zoonoses et maladies \u00e0 Transmission Vectorielle: Surveillance \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique en Belgique, 2015 et 2016","author":"Rebolledo","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.051552","article-title":"Modulatory effect of cattle on risk for Lyme disease","volume":"12","author":"Richter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.27.19906-en","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis in Europe","volume":"16","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001390","article-title":"Diagnosis of spotted fever group Rickettsia infections: the Asian perspective","volume":"147","author":"Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.6001\/biologija.v60i1.2863","article-title":"The prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in Norway","volume":"60","author":"Rosef","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biologija"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101814","article-title":"Environmental determinants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle using a kernel density function","volume":"12","author":"Rousseau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0078","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heterogeneity of tick abundance and infection with zoonotic pathogenic bacteria in a Belgian Peri-urban forest","author":"Rousseau","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research Square (Preprint)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182212134","article-title":"The isolation of culturable bacteria in Ixodes ricinus ticks of a belgian peri-urban forest uncovers opportunistic bacteria potentially important for public health","volume":"18","author":"Rousseau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.02.006","article-title":"The role of deer as vehicles to move ticks, Ixodes ricinus, between contrasting habitats","volume":"40","author":"Ruiz-Fons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2174\/1874372201610010015","article-title":"Epidemiology of Lyme disease in domestic and wild animals","volume":"10","author":"Sala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Dermatol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02051-10","article-title":"Distinct host species correlate with Anaplasma phagocytophilum ankA gene clusters","volume":"49","author":"Scharf","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnx244","article-title":"Vector-borne diseases and climate change: a European perspective","volume":"365","author":"Semenza","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.10.008","article-title":"Differential identification of Anaplasma in cattle and potential of cattle to serve as reservoirs of Anaplasma capra, an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen","volume":"226","author":"Seo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2570-1","article-title":"Epidemiology, genetic variants and clinical course of natural infections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a dairy cattle herd","volume":"11","author":"Silaghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-191","article-title":"Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ticks, ticks parasitizing rodents and the parasitized rodents - Analyzing the host-pathogen-vector interface in a metropolitan area","volume":"5","author":"Silaghi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-41","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus ticks are reservoir hosts for Rickettsia helvetica and potentially carry flea-borne Rickettsia species","volume":"2","author":"Sprong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasit. Vect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03492.x","article-title":"The expanding Lyme Borrelia complex-clinical significance of genomic species?","volume":"17","author":"Stanek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60103-7","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"379","author":"Stanek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020912618950","article-title":"Serological Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi Infection associated with clinical signs in dairy cattle in Slovakia","volume":"26","author":"Stefanc\u00edkova","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0091","first-page":"1","article-title":"An update on the laboratory diagnosis of Rickettsia spp","volume":"10","author":"Stewart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection. Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00320-06","article-title":"Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 5 and the extent of its cross-reactivity with A. marginale. Clin","volume":"14","author":"Strik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000213070","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of lyme borreliosis","volume":"37","author":"Strle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000625","article-title":"The abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks depends on tree species composition and shrub cover","volume":"139","author":"Tack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0095","article-title":"Serologic screening for 13 infectious agents in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Flanders","volume":"5","author":"Tavernier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2856-y","article-title":"Neglected aspects of tick-borne rickettsioses","volume":"11","author":"Tomassone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1257-8","article-title":"Multi-trophic interactions driving the transmission cycle of Borrelia afzelii between Ixodes ricinus and rodents: a review","volume":"8","author":"Van Duijvendijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0098","series-title":"Integration of nature protection in forest policy in Flanders (Belgium): INTEGRATE country report","first-page":"1","author":"Vandekerkhove","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.008","article-title":"Babesiosis","volume":"29","author":"Vannier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.05.003","article-title":"Lyme borreliae prevalence and genospecies distribution in ticks removed from humans","volume":"8","author":"Waindok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.013","article-title":"The natural history of Anaplasma phagocytophilum","volume":"167","author":"Woldehiwet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.084","article-title":"Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ruminants in Europe","volume":"1078","author":"Woldehiwet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2182-9","article-title":"A novel zoonotic Anaplasma species is prevalent in small ruminants: potential public health implications","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0104","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human babesiosis, an emerging tick-borne disease in the people's republic of China","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.622-636.2003","article-title":"Babesia divergens, a bovine blood parasite of veterinary and zoonotic importance","volume":"16","author":"Zintl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X23000286?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X23000286?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T03:07:07Z","timestamp":1717038427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X23000286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X23000286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp. and Babesia spp. in cattle serum and questing ticks from Belgium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102146","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102146"}}