{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:41:09Z","timestamp":1787067669449,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T15:28:23Z","timestamp":1701876503000},"page":"102291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Detection of Babesia species in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2579-4479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Gandy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolyon","family":"Medlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Cull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Gibney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanam","family":"Sewgobind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Insiyah","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayleigh","family":"Hansford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12257","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of Borrelia and Babesia species in ticks feeding on dogs in the U.K","volume":"32","author":"Abdullah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.09.025","article-title":"Molecular detection of Theileria and Babesia infections in cattle","volume":"158","author":"Altay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1503-8","article-title":"Molecular detection of Babesia capreoli and Babesia venatorum in wild Swedish roe deer, Capreolus capreolus","volume":"9","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0004","unstructured":"APHA, 2020. GB cattle quarterly report. Disease surveillance and emerging threats. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/971836\/pub-survrep-c0420.pdf (Accessed 24 January 2023)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040386","article-title":"Circulation of Babesia species and their exposure to humans through Ixodes ricinus","volume":"10","author":"Azagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00035-08","article-title":"Babesia species occurring in Austrian Ixodes ricinus ticks","volume":"74","author":"Blaschitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.061560","article-title":"Babesia sp. EU1 from roe deer and transmission within Ixodes ricinus","volume":"13","author":"Bonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0008","article-title":"Experimental in vitro transmission of Babesia sp.(EU1) by Ixodes ricinus","volume":"40","author":"Bonnet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7118","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00625-08","article-title":"Relative importance of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguliceps as vectors for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in field vole (Microtus agrestis) populations","volume":"74","author":"Bown","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0010","first-page":"65","article-title":"Presence of potentially pathogenic Babesia sp. for human in Ixodes ricinus in Switzerland","volume":"13","author":"Casati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26097","article-title":"Severe babesiosis due to Babesia divergens acquired in the United Kingdom","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0066","article-title":"Prevalence of five pathogenic agents in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from western France","volume":"10","author":"Cott\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12503","article-title":"A nationwide study on Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection rates in questing Ixodes ricinus: a six-year snapshot study in protected recreational areas in England and Wales","volume":"35","author":"Cull","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.07.033","article-title":"Prevalence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens: Babesia and Borrelia species in ticks infesting cats of Great Britain","volume":"244","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2178-5","article-title":"Emergence of Babesia canis in southern England","volume":"10","author":"de Marco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3395-3397.2001","article-title":"Diversity of Babesia infecting European sheep ticks (Ixodes ricinus)","volume":"39","author":"Duh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6188.474","article-title":"Babesiosis in man: a case from Scotland","volume":"2","author":"Entrican","year":"1979","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0018","series-title":"Ticks of Europe and North Africa: a Guide to Species Identification","first-page":"425p","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109433","article-title":"A historical review of Babesia spp. associated with deer in Europe: Babesia divergens\/Babesia divergens-like, Babesia capreoli, Babesia venatorum, Babesia cf. odocoilei","volume":"294","author":"Fanelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1599-x","article-title":"Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise","volume":"9","author":"Foldvari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101965","article-title":"Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing Ixodes ricinus nymphs across twenty recreational areas in England and Wales","author":"Gandy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2512.190459","article-title":"Sheep as host species for zoonotic Babesia venatorum, United Kingdom","volume":"25","author":"Gray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0023","article-title":"Wild deer in the United Kingdom are a potential reservoir for the livestock parasite Babesia divergens","volume":"1","author":"Gray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111430","article-title":"Ticks, human babesiosis and climate change","volume":"10","author":"Gray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1560-z","article-title":"Babesia spp. in ticks and wildlife in different habitat types of Slovakia","volume":"9","author":"Hamsikova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814001691","article-title":"Borrelia miyamotoi in host-seeking Ixodes ricinus ticks in England","volume":"143","author":"Hansford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12621","article-title":"Mapping and monitoring tick (Acari, Ixodida) distribution, seasonality, and host associations in the United Kingdom between 2017 and 2020","volume":"37","author":"Hansford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091165","article-title":"Human babesiosis in Europe","volume":"10","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020323","article-title":"Characteristics of human babesiosis in Europe","volume":"12","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"851532579","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0030","first-page":"178p","article-title":"Ticks of north-west Europe. Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council Shrewsbury","volume":"1","author":"Hillyard","year":"1996","journal-title":"ISBN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5379-0","article-title":"Dermacentor reticulatus, a putative vector of Babesia cf. microti (syn. Theileria annae) piroplasm","volume":"116","author":"Hod\u017ei\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2431-2436.2002","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Babesia infections in humans exposed to ticks in midwestern Germany","volume":"40","author":"Hunfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.m3334","article-title":"Preventing tick exposure in vets and farmers","volume":"187","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060640","article-title":"Detection of tick-borne pathogens in red deer (Cervus elaphus), United Kingdom","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00137-5","article-title":"Human babesiosis: an emerging tick-borne disease","volume":"30","author":"Kjemtrup","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96.e91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2014.07.004","article-title":"A retrospective serological survey on human babesiosis in Belgium","volume":"21","author":"Lempereur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0818-y","article-title":"Discrimination of Babesia major and Babesia ovata based on ITS1\u20135.8 S\u2013ITS2 region sequences of rRNA gene","volume":"102","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.08.008","article-title":"Redescription of Babesia capreoli (Enigk and Friedhoff, 1962) from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): isolation, cultivation, host specificity, molecular characterisation and differentiation from Babesia divergens","volume":"40","author":"Malandrin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13132118","article-title":"Surveillance and risk analysis for bovine babesiosis in England and Wales to inform disease distribution","volume":"13","author":"McFadzean","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030312","article-title":"The prevalence and genetic diversity of Babesia divergens in Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from farm-and woodland sites in Ireland","volume":"11","author":"McKiernan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05817-x","article-title":"Retrospective study of the epidemiological risk and serological diagnosis of human babesiosis in Asturias, Northwestern Spain","volume":"16","author":"Montero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04946-5","article-title":"Occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from Wester Ross, Northwest Scotland","volume":"14","author":"Olsthoorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101902","article-title":"Detection of Borrelia and Babesia species in Haemaphysalis punctata ticks sampled in Southern England","volume":"13","author":"Phipps","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.01.008","article-title":"Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia divergens in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Lithuania and Norway","volume":"298","author":"Radzijevskaja","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2008.03.001","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Babesia divergens infection among forestry workers in Slovenia","volume":"298","author":"Rojko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106692","article-title":"Prevalence of Babesia spp. pathogens in the ticks Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus in the UK","volume":"236","author":"Sands","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.07.004","article-title":"Babesia: a world emerging","volume":"12","author":"Schnittger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11060947","article-title":"Detection of Babesia odocoilei in humans with babesiosis symptoms","volume":"11","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.07.031","article-title":"First survey for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle from Central and Southern regions of Portugal using serological and DNA detection methods","volume":"166","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0050","first-page":"187","article-title":"Isolation and amplification by polymerase chain reaction DNA of Babesia microti and Babesia divergens in ticks in Poland","volume":"8","author":"Skotarczak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0051","first-page":"11","article-title":"Piroplasmosis in Man. Report on a Case","volume":"9","author":"Skrabalo","year":"1957","journal-title":"Doc. Med. Geogr. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.08.026","article-title":"Prevalence of Babesia and Anaplasma in ticks infesting dogs in Great Britain","volume":"198","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1596-0","article-title":"A review of canine babesiosis: the European perspective","volume":"9","author":"Solano-Gallego","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12606","article-title":"Risk assessment of transfusion-associated babesiosis in Tyrol: appraisal by seroepidemiology and polymerase chain reaction","volume":"54","author":"Sonnleitner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.10.007","article-title":"High seroprevalence of Babesia antibodies among Borrelia burgdorferi-infected humans in Sweden","volume":"10","author":"Svensson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.035","article-title":"Babesia\u2014A historical overview","volume":"138","author":"Uilenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2012.11.003","article-title":"Natural history of zoonotic Babesia: role of wildlife reservoirs","volume":"2","author":"Yabsley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int .J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X23001723?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X23001723?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T11:41:59Z","timestamp":1702554119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X23001723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X23001723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Detection of Babesia species in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in England and Wales","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2023.102291","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102291"}}