{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:09:38Z","timestamp":1792271378742,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T06:14:32Z","timestamp":1742192072000},"page":"102468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk factors for tick infestation and equine Piroplasmosis infection among draught horses in France"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3783-9366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Nadal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Chanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Delaunay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Hugues","family":"Pitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2307-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Marsot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6365-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.I.","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.10.022","article-title":"A Vegetation Index qualifying pasture edges is related to Ixodes ricinus density and to Babesia divergens seroprevalence in dairy cattle herds","volume":"185","author":"Agoulon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04836-w","article-title":"Risk factors associated with tick infestations on equids in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with notes on Rickettsia massiliae detection","volume":"14","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040816","article-title":"Molecular and serological detection of vector-borne pathogens responsible for equine piroplasmosis in Europe between 2008 and 2021","volume":"12","author":"Axt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01193432","article-title":"Population growth rates for Amblyomma americanum (Acari: ixodidae) on Bos indicus, B. taurus and B. indicus x B. taurus cattle","volume":"9","author":"Barnard","year":"1990","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.01.011","article-title":"Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses in Central-Southern Italy: sero-molecular survey and associated risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Bartolom\u00e9 Del Pino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks. Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.11.011","article-title":"Development and evaluation of real-time PCR assays for the quantitative detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses from South Africa","volume":"168","author":"Bhoora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101358","article-title":"Molecular genotyping and epidemiology of equine piroplasmids in South Africa","volume":"11","author":"Bhoora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks. Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhosale, C.R., Wilson, K.N., Ledger, K.J., White, Z.S., Dorleans, R., De Jesus, C.E., Wisely, S.M., 2023. Ticks and tick-borne pathogens in recreational greenspaces in North Central Florida, USA. Microorganisms 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11030756.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030756"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10034","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.21.10034","article-title":"Phylogeny of hard- and soft-tick taxa (Acari: ixodida) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences","volume":"91","author":"Black","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1999.tb12093.x","article-title":"Effect of breed of cattle on transmission rate and innate resistance to infection with Babesia bovis and B. bigemina transmitted by Boophilus microplus","volume":"77","author":"Bock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.061560","article-title":"Babesia sp. EU1 from roe deer and transmission within Ixodes ricinus","volume":"13","author":"Bonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20160405","article-title":"Classification of ticks collected from horses in the Netherlands in 2008\u20132009 and identification of the (zoonotic) agents they contain","volume":"32","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde Equine Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13348","article-title":"Sero-molecular survey and risk factors of equine piroplasmosis in horses in Spain","volume":"53","author":"Camino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2019.101329","article-title":"Importance of equine piroplasmosis antibody presence in Spanish horses prior to export","volume":"11","author":"Camino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks. Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0015","unstructured":"Corine Land Cover, 2018. Copernicus land monitoring system https:\/\/land.copernicus.eu\/en\/products\/corine-land-cover\/clc2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-296120180090","article-title":"Frequency and factors associated with Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Trypanosoma evansi in equids from Bahia (Northeast Brazil)","volume":"28","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(92)90061-5","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis: a review","volume":"148","author":"de Waal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-022-00325-5","article-title":"Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse","volume":"20","author":"DeNotta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0019","article-title":"Impact of land use changes and habitat fragmentation on the eco-epidemiology of tick-borne diseases","author":"Diuk-Wasser","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Estrada-Pe\u00f1a, A., Mihalca, A., Petney, T., 2017. Ticks of Europe and North Africa: a guide to species identification. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-63760-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63760-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1599-x","article-title":"Dermacentor reticulatus: a vector on the rise","volume":"9","author":"F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1992.10475190","article-title":"Generalized collinearity diagnostics","volume":"87","author":"Fox","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00748.x","article-title":"Distribution and molecular detection of Theileria and Babesia in questing ticks from northern Spain","volume":"22","author":"Garcia-Sanmartin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0024","unstructured":"GBIF, S., 2023a. Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15468\/39omei."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0025","unstructured":"GBIF, S., 2023b. Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15468\/39omei."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0026","unstructured":"GBIF, S., 2023c. Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15468\/39omei."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.4.1259-1263.2002","article-title":"Transmission studies of Babesia microti in Ixodes ricinus ticks and gerbils","volume":"40","author":"Gray","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1982.tb00842.x","article-title":"The development of a sampling method for the tick ixodes ricinus and its use in a redwater fever area","volume":"101","author":"Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4161-9","article-title":"Piroplasmosis in an endemic area: analysis of the risk factors and their implications in the control of theileriosis and Babesiosis in horses","volume":"114","author":"Guidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0030","series-title":"Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS)","article-title":"ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present","author":"Hersbach","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1972.tb05161.x","article-title":"The inheritance of resistance by cattle to cattle tick","volume":"48","author":"Hewetson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.02.027","article-title":"Tick reservoirs for piroplasms in central and northern Italy","volume":"170","author":"Iori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0033","series-title":"Les Types De Climats En France, Une Construction Spatiale","author":"Joly","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0841-2","article-title":"Novel foci of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks infected with Babesia canis and Babesia caballi in the Netherlands and in Belgium","volume":"8","author":"Jongejan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102114","article-title":"The biology of Ixodes ricinus with emphasis on its ecology","volume":"14","author":"Kahl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ticks. Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.10.023","article-title":"Diagnostic real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of Theileria equi from equine blood samples","volume":"151","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.03.010","article-title":"Discovery of a novel species, Theileria haneyi n. sp., infective to equids, highlights exceptional genomic diversity within the genus Theileria: implications for apicomplexan parasite surveillance","volume":"48","author":"Knowles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0037","first-page":"77","article-title":"Identification of genes involved with tick infestation in Bos taurus and Bos indicus","volume":"132","author":"Kongsuwan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0411-z","article-title":"Clinical investigation on Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in Italian donkeys","volume":"11","author":"Laus","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0449","article-title":"Prevalence of tick borne pathogens in horses from Italy","volume":"75","author":"Laus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0040","series-title":"S\u00e9ropr\u00e9valence Des Piroplasmoses \u00e9quines en France entre 1997 Et 2005","author":"Le M\u00e9tayer","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.25.2.145","article-title":"The sensory physiology of the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus L","volume":"25","author":"Lees","year":"1948","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1246-8","article-title":"Genetic variants in interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) gene are associated with resistance against ticks in Bos taurus and Bos indicus","volume":"39","author":"Maryam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931062","article-title":"Time of repletion of subadult ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on diverse hosts","volume":"76","author":"Matuschka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050431","article-title":"Redescription of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 as Theileria equi Mehlhorn, Schein 1998","volume":"84","author":"Mehlhorn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00103","article-title":"High-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in Europe","volume":"4","author":"Michelet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2000.1461","article-title":"Testing the interspecific body size principle in ungulates: the smaller they come, the harder they groom","volume":"60","author":"Mooring","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06797-y","article-title":"Molecular detection of Theileria species and babesia caballi from horses in Nigeria","volume":"119","author":"Mshelia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0047","article-title":"Eco-epidemiology of equine piroplasmosis and its associated tick vectors in Europe: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of prevalence","author":"Nadal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020227","article-title":"Spatial and temporal circulation of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in France based on seven years of serological data","volume":"11","author":"Nadal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0049","unstructured":"OIE, 2019. Equine piroplasmosis https:\/\/www.oie.int\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/?id=169&L=0&htmfile=chapitre_equine_piroplasmosis.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101736","article-title":"A review on equine piroplasmosis: epidemiology, vector ecology, risk factors, host immunity, diagnosis and control","volume":"16","author":"Onyiche","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(88)90091-X","article-title":"Effect of temperature on transovarial transmission of Babesia bigemina (Smith and Kilborne, 1893) in Boophilus annulatus (Say, 1821)","volume":"26","author":"Ouhelli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(85)90032-9","article-title":"Susceptibility of Bos indicus and Bos taurus to anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina infections","volume":"17","author":"Parker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1591-5","article-title":"Environmental factors influencing tick densities over seven years in a French suburban forest","volume":"9","author":"Paul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.02.014","article-title":"The efficiency of avermectins (abamectin, doramectin and ivermectin) in the control of Boophilus microplus, in artificially infested bovines kept in field conditions","volume":"162","author":"Pereira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0054","series-title":"Les tiques. Identification, biologie, Importance M\u00e9dicale Et V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire","author":"P\u00e9rez-Eid","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001186","article-title":"Vector competence of the tick ixodes ricinus for transmission of Bartonella birtlesii","volume":"5","author":"Reis","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07441-7","article-title":"Molecular assessment of Theileria equi and babesia caballi prevalence in horses and ticks on horses in southeastern France","volume":"121","author":"Rocafort-Ferrer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.10.015","article-title":"Geographical distribution of Dermacentor marginatus and dermacentor reticulatus in Europe","volume":"7","author":"Rubel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks. Tick. Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004204","article-title":"Estimation of the transmission dynamics of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses","volume":"135","author":"Ruegg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002405","article-title":"Age-dependent dynamics of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infections in southwest Mongolia based on IFAT and\/or PCR prevalence data from domestic horses and ticks","volume":"134","author":"Ruegg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12518","article-title":"Climate and the seasonal abundance of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus","volume":"35","author":"Sands","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0338","article-title":"Effect of sex steroids on Babesia microti infection in mice","volume":"88","author":"Sasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010814-021110","article-title":"Vector ecology of equine piroplasmosis","volume":"60","author":"Scoles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0061","series-title":"Climate, Ticks and Disease","article-title":"Climate change alone cannot explain altered tick distribution across Europe: a spotlight on endemic and invasive tick species","author":"Stachurski","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.01.018","article-title":"Demographic and environmental risk factors for infection by Theileria equi in 590 horses in Israel","volume":"187","author":"Steinman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12070","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis: an updated review","volume":"25","author":"Tamzali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10040445","article-title":"Serological and molecular prevalence of Babesia caballi in apparently healthy horses in Israel","volume":"10","author":"Tirosh-Levy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib72","series-title":"\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie Appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 La Lutte Collective Contre Les Maladies Animales Transmissibles Majeures. Association pour l\u2019\u00e9tude de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie des maladies animales, Nouvelles Editions Veterinaires et Alimentaires","first-page":"614","author":"Toma","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/37.3.335","article-title":"Methodology for sampling questing nymphs of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: ixodidae), the principal vector of Lyme disease in Europe","volume":"37","author":"Vassallo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.12.028","article-title":"Serological detection and molecular characterization of piroplasmids in equids in Brazil","volume":"179","author":"Vieira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12080999","article-title":"Seroprevalence of tick-borne infections in horses from Northern Italy","volume":"12","author":"Villa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0068","series-title":"Equine Piroplasmosis","author":"Waal","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12168","article-title":"Review of equine piroplasmosis","volume":"27","author":"Wise","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.01.003","article-title":"Horses infected by piroplasms different from Babesia caballi and Theileria equi: species identification and risk factors analysis in Italy","volume":"236","author":"Zanet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X25000329?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877959X25000329?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:06:16Z","timestamp":1762560376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877959X25000329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1877959X25000329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-959X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-959X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for tick infestation and equine Piroplasmosis infection among draught horses in France","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2025.102468","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102468"}}