{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:45:51Z","timestamp":1789836351404,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tuberculosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,12]],"date-time":"2009-09-12T08:45:51Z","timestamp":1252745151000},"page":"378-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A simple in vitro PK\/PD model system to determine time\u2013kill curves of drugs against Mycobacteria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Nageshwar R.","family":"Budha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin B.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian G.","family":"Hurdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Meibohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.3.3.361","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic evaluation of anti-infective agents","volume":"3","author":"Schuck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.369-377.2004","article-title":"Issues in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-infective agents: kill curves versus MIC","volume":"48","author":"Mueller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21265","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation for bactericidal effect in an in vitro dynamic model","volume":"97","author":"Katsube","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-007-9069-x","article-title":"Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic modeling of antimicrobial drug effects","volume":"34","author":"Czock","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.1167","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic studies in drug product development","volume":"91","author":"Meibohm","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib6","unstructured":"The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration. Developing antimicribial drugs-general considerations for clinical trials. Rockville, MD; 1998."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib7","unstructured":"The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) \u2013 Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP). Points to consider on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the development of antibacterial medicinal products. London, UK; 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.11.2478","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic effects of sub-MICs of benzylpenicillin against Streptococcus pyogenes in a newly developed in vitro kinetic model","volume":"40","author":"Lowdin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016085402278","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic modeling of the antibiotic effect of piperacillin in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Nolting","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib10","first-page":"426","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic modelling of the in vitro antiinfective effect of piperacillin\u2013tazobactam combinations","volume":"35","author":"Dalla Costa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.10.038","article-title":"The role of pharmacodynamic research in the assessment and development of new antibacterial drugs","volume":"71","author":"Lister","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.13.4.570","article-title":"New in vitro model to study the effect of antibiotic concentration and rate of elimination on antibacterial activity","volume":"13","author":"Grasso","year":"1978","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/32.2.295","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of two different dosage regimens of imipenem in an in-vitro dynamic model","volume":"32","author":"Maggiolo","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.18.3.377","article-title":"New in vitro kinetic model for evaluating bactericidal efficacy of antibiotics","volume":"18","author":"Murakawa","year":"1980","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01533-06","article-title":"Concentration-dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing and prevention of resistance by rifampin","volume":"51","author":"Gumbo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1086\/424849","article-title":"Selection of a moxifloxacin dose that suppresses drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model and mathematical modeling","volume":"190","author":"Gumbo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1086\/510247","article-title":"Isoniazid's bactericidal activity ceases because of the emergence of resistance, not depletion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the log phase of growth","volume":"195","author":"Gumbo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00185-07","article-title":"Isoniazid bactericidal activity and resistance emergence: integrating pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics to predict efficacy in different ethnic populations","volume":"51","author":"Gumbo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.12.2670","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic modeling of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide","volume":"41","author":"Peloquin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.11.015","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic mathematical model accurately describes the activity of voriconazole against Candida spp. in vitro","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib21","first-page":"471","article-title":"Isoniazid-resistance and catalase activity of tubercle bacilli; a preliminary report","volume":"69","author":"Middlebrook","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am Rev Tuberc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2804-2810.2002","article-title":"Isoniazid-induced transient high-level resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"46","author":"Viveiros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04510.x","article-title":"The Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniA gene is essential for activity of an efflux pump that confers drug tolerance to both isoniazid and ethambutol","volume":"55","author":"Colangeli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib24","series-title":"The mycobacteria: a sourcebook","first-page":"25","article-title":"Mycobacterial speciation","author":"Wayne","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1021\/js9801337","article-title":"Application of logistic growth model to pharmacodynamic analysis of in vitro bactericidal kinetics","volume":"87","author":"Yano","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00604-06","article-title":"Semimechanistic pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic model for assessment of activity of antibacterial agents from time\u2013kill curve experiments","volume":"51","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/27.3.319","article-title":"Biphasic kinetics of bacterial killing by quinolones","volume":"27","author":"Carret","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2061-2068.2004","article-title":"Novel pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic model for prediction of outcomes with an extended-release formulation of ciprofloxacin","volume":"48","author":"Meagher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.733","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic modeling of activity of ceftazidime during continuous and intermittent infusion","volume":"41","author":"Mouton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm370","article-title":"Mathematical modelling response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to meropenem","volume":"60","author":"Tam","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.09.012","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\u2013pharmacodynamic modelling of antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime and cefixime in in vitro kinetic models","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.10.3670-3676.2004","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic functions: a multiparameter approach to the design of antibiotic treatment regimens","volume":"48","author":"Regoes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki086","article-title":"Modelling time\u2013kill studies to discern the pharmacodynamics of meropenem","volume":"55","author":"Tam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600751108","article-title":"A pharmacodynamic model for the activity of antibiotics against microorganisms under nonsaturable conditions","volume":"75","author":"Zhi","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib35","first-page":"939","article-title":"The early bactericidal activity of drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"121","author":"Jindani","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1125OC","article-title":"Bactericidal and sterilizing activities of antituberculosis drugs during the first 14 days","volume":"167","author":"Jindani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01681-08","article-title":"PharmacokineticsPharmacodynamics of pyrazinamide in a novel in vitro model of Tuberculosis for sterilizing effect: a paradigm for faster assessment of new antituberculosis drugs","author":"Gumbo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.3.4.530-534.1971","article-title":"Mechanism of action of isoniazid on Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG","volume":"3","author":"McClatchy","year":"1971","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.8.2951-2957.2004","article-title":"Isoniazid pharmacokinetics\u2013pharmacodynamics in an aerosol infection model of tuberculosis","volume":"48","author":"Jayaram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.11.2600","article-title":"Drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"43","author":"Wallis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544020-00005","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic modelling of antibacterials in vitro and in vivo using bacterial growth and kill kinetics: the minimum inhibitory concentration versus stationary concentration","volume":"44","author":"Mouton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"}],"container-title":["Tuberculosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472979209000791?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472979209000791?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,22]],"date-time":"2020-05-22T04:24:21Z","timestamp":1590121461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1472979209000791"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1472979209000791"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2009.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-9792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-9792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}