{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:15:56Z","timestamp":1786997756870,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tuberculosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T14:17:48Z","timestamp":1318947468000},"page":"84-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Pyrazinoic acid efflux rate in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a better proxy of pyrazinamide resistance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Mirko","family":"Zimic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Gilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s H.","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Kirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1009","article-title":"The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic","volume":"163","author":"Corbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1126\/science.257.5073.1055","article-title":"Tuberculosis: commentary on a reemergent killer","volume":"257","author":"Bloom","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib3","first-page":"461","article-title":"Pyrazinamide susceptibility and amidase activity of tubercle bacilli","volume":"95","author":"Konno","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(85)90040-6","article-title":"The action of antituberculosis drugs in short-course chemotherapy","volume":"66","author":"Mitchison","year":"1985","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.4.845","article-title":"The role of pyrazinamide in tuberculosis chemotherapy","volume":"94","author":"Steele","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib6","first-page":"465","article-title":"Drug resistance trends among previously treated tuberculosis patients in a national registry in Peru, 1994-2001","volume":"8","author":"Vasquez-Campos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.20.4.556","article-title":"Use of pyrazinamidase activity on Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a rapid method for determination of pyrazinamide susceptibility","volume":"20","author":"McClatchy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.7.1002","article-title":"Determination of pyrazinamide MICs for Mycobacterium tuberculosis at different pHs by the radiometric method","volume":"32","author":"Salfinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-7-651","article-title":"Simultaneous identification and typing of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates by analysis of pncA and rpoB","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2210-2217.2005","article-title":"Detection by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of pncA mutations associated with pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the United States-Mexico border region","volume":"49","author":"McCammon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01594-08","article-title":"Sputum PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism test for same-day detection of pyrazinamide resistance in tuberculosis patients","volume":"47","author":"Sheen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.3.528-532.2000","article-title":"pncA mutations as a major mechanism of pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: spread of a monoresistant strain in Quebec, Canada","volume":"44","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib13","first-page":"6","article-title":"The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.3.540","article-title":"Characterization of pncA mutations in pyrazinamide-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"41","author":"Scorpio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg446","article-title":"Mode of action of pyrazinamide: disruption of Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane transport and energetics by pyrazinoic acid","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.3.537","article-title":"Reduced pyrazinamidase activity and the natural resistance of Mycobacterium kansasii to the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.7.2044-2049.1999","article-title":"Role of acid pH and deficient efflux of pyrazinoic acid in unique susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide","volume":"181","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2009.01.004","article-title":"Effect of pyrazinamidase activity on pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"Sheen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(87)90058-4","article-title":"Pyrazinamidase activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis\u2013a test of sensitivity to pyrazinamide","volume":"68","author":"Trivedi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.2741\/1289","article-title":"Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Wade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.9.2317","article-title":"Relationship between pyrazinamide resistance, loss of pyrazinamidase activity, and mutations in the pncA locus in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"43","author":"Mestdagh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.24.4.600","article-title":"Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to pyrazinamide and its relationship to pyrazinamidase activity","volume":"24","author":"Butler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.2.501-507.2002","article-title":"Rapid detection of pyrazinamide-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a PCR-based in\u00a0vitro system","volume":"40","author":"Suzuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.7.1761","article-title":"Characterization of new mutations in pyrazinamide-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and identification of conserved regions important for the catalytic activity of the pyrazinamidase PncA","volume":"43","author":"Lemaitre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.7.3974","article-title":"Active efflux of tetracycline encoded by four genetically different tetracycline resistance determinants in Escherichia coli","volume":"77","author":"McMurry","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3791","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.13.3791-3795.1996","article-title":"Active Efflux of Fluoroquinolones in Mycobacterium smegmatis Mediated by LfrA, a Multidrug Efflux Pump","volume":"178","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.1.306-308.1996","article-title":"AcrAB efflux pump plays a major role in the antibiotic resistance phenotype of Escherichia coli multiple-antibiotic-resistance (Mar) mutants","volume":"178","author":"Okusu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib28","series-title":"Public health mycobacteriology: a guide for the level III laboratory","author":"Kent","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib29","first-page":"147","article-title":"Simple pyrazinamidase and urease tests for routine identification of mycobacteria","volume":"109","author":"Wayne","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14166","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0115479","article-title":"Crystal structure and mechanism of catalysis of a pyrazinamidase from Pyrococcus horikoshii","volume":"40","author":"Du","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208813","article-title":"Pyrazinamide inhibits trans-translation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Tuberculosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472979211001624?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472979211001624?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:41:16Z","timestamp":1593132076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1472979211001624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1472979211001624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2011.09.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-9792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-9792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}}}