{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:16:53Z","timestamp":1786997813331,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KNCV Tuberculosis foundation","award":["12.402.2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12.402.2"]}]},{"name":"Research Fund of Diakonessenhuis Utrecht\/Zeist"},{"name":"Willem Bakhuys Roozeboom Foundation, Laren"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tuberculosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T12:51:33Z","timestamp":1528375893000},"page":"102-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Borderline QuantiFERON results and the distinction between specific responses and test variability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Uzorka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailko W.J.","family":"Bossink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willeke P.J.","family":"Franken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven F.T.","family":"Thijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane M.S.","family":"Leyten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6434-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alida C.","family":"van Haeften","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Doornenbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Boonstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3706-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom H.M.","family":"Ottenhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Arend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00115110","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Diel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib2","first-page":"462","article-title":"Performance of whole blood IFN-gamma test for tuberculosis diagnosis based on PPD or the specific antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10","volume":"5","author":"Brock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30060-7","article-title":"Serial QuantiFERON testing and tuberculosis disease risk among young children: an observational cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Andrews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201310-378OC","article-title":"IFN-gamma release assay conversions and reversions. Challenges with serial testing in U.S. health care workers","volume":"11","author":"Joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0430OC","article-title":"Test variability of the QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube assay in clinical practice","volume":"187","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir068","article-title":"Clinical application and limitations of interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection","volume":"52","author":"Herrera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.150","article-title":"IFN-gamma release assay versus tuberculin skin test for monitoring TB infection in healthcare workers","volume":"11","author":"Nienhaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-220","article-title":"Predictors of persistently positive Mycobacterium-tuberculosis-specific interferon-gamma responses in the serial testing of health care workers","volume":"10","author":"Ringshausen","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115322","article-title":"Occupational screening for tuberculosis and the use of a borderline zone for interpretation of the IGRA in German healthcare workers","volume":"9","author":"Schablon","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201305-0831OC","article-title":"Challenges with QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay for large-scale, routine screening of U.S. healthcare workers","volume":"188","author":"Slater","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201405-188OC","article-title":"Reproducibility of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) release Assays. A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Tagmouti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3157","article-title":"Predictive value of interferon-gamma release assays and tuberculin skin testing for progression from latent TB infection to disease state: a meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Diel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70210-9","article-title":"Predictive value of interferon-gamma release assays for incident active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Rangaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201704-0817OC","article-title":"Optimization and interpretation of serial QuantiFERON testing to measure acquisition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"196","author":"Nemes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01630-2017","article-title":"Proof of concept that most borderline Quantiferon results are true antigen-specific responses","volume":"50","author":"Uzorka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00000712","article-title":"The risk of tuberculosis in transplant candidates and recipients: a TBNET consensus statement","volume":"40","author":"Bumbacea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31820b07ab","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Cattamanchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028510","article-title":"The risk of tuberculosis related to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapies: a TBNET consensus statement","volume":"36","author":"Solovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1099OC","article-title":"Comparison of two interferon-gamma assays and tuberculin skin test for tracing tuberculosis contacts","volume":"175","author":"Arend","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib20","first-page":"1286","article-title":"Interferon-gamma release assays during follow-up of tuberculin skin test-positive contacts","volume":"12","author":"Franken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00132-07","article-title":"Discrepancy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific gamma interferon release assays using short and prolonged in vitro incubation","volume":"14","author":"Leyten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1086\/428950","article-title":"ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in clinical versus environmental isolates of Mycobacterium kansasii","volume":"191","author":"Arend","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1086\/345760","article-title":"Tuberculin skin testing and in vitro T cell responses to ESAT-6 and culture filtrate protein 10 after infection with Mycobacterium marinum or M. kansasii","volume":"186","author":"Arend","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241","article-title":"Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an update","volume":"149","author":"Pai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.968","article-title":"The tuberculin skin test","volume":"17","author":"Huebner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00005","article-title":"Reliability of tuberculin skin test measurement","volume":"126","author":"Pouchot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib27","first-page":"1192","article-title":"False-positive tuberculin skin tests: what is the absolute effect of BCG and non-tuberculous mycobacteria?","volume":"10","author":"Farhat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187313","article-title":"A borderline range for Quantiferon Gold In-Tube results","volume":"12","author":"Jonsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1086\/428950","article-title":"ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in clinical versus environmental isolates of Mycobacterium kansasii","volume":"191","author":"Arend","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1086\/345760","article-title":"Tuberculin skin testing and in vitro T cell responses to ESAT-6 and culture filtrate protein 10 after infection with Mycobacterium marinum or M. kansasii","volume":"186","author":"Arend","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02803-15","article-title":"Interferon gamma release assays for latent tuberculosis: what are the sources of variability?","volume":"54","author":"Banaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01267-2017","article-title":"Frequency and significance of indeterminate and borderline Quantiferon Gold TB IGRA results","volume":"50","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1543ED","article-title":"Detecting new Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Time for a more nuanced interpretation of QuantiFERON conversions","volume":"196","author":"Banaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.02.039","article-title":"The impact of anti-tuberculous antibiotics and corticosteroids on cytokine production in QuantiFERON-TB Gold in Tube assays","volume":"95","author":"Clifford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.22901","article-title":"Performance of interferon-gamma release assays in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Shahidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201405-0967OC","article-title":"Risk assessment of tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients. A TBNET study","volume":"190","author":"Sester","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.11.97","article-title":"IP-10 release assays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection: current status and future directions","volume":"12","author":"Ruhwald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"10035","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01316-1","article-title":"A blood RNA signature for tuberculosis disease risk: a prospective cohort study","volume":"387","author":"Zak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13272","article-title":"Update on tuberculosis biomarkers: from correlates of risk, to correlates of active disease and of cure from disease","volume":"23","author":"Goletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib40","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.quantiferon.com\/products\/quantiferon-tb-gold-plus\/package-inserts\/. (Last accessed on May 29th 2018)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2017.06.002","article-title":"Analytical evaluation of QuantiFERON- Plus and QuantiFERON- gold in-tube assays in subjects with or without tuberculosis","volume":"106","author":"Petruccioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0721","article-title":"Multicenter study of QuantiFERON\u00ae-TB Gold Plus in patients with active tuberculosis","volume":"22","author":"Horne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.18.0267","article-title":"Testing for LTBI: more of the same or a step forward?","volume":"22","author":"Van Leth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02498-16","article-title":"Evaluation of QuantiFERON(R)-TB gold-plus in healthcare workers in a low-incidence setting","volume":"55","author":"Moon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Tuberculosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472979218301549?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1472979218301549?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T16:37:04Z","timestamp":1562171824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1472979218301549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1472979218301549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-9792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-9792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Borderline QuantiFERON results and the distinction between specific responses and test variability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Tuberculosis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2018.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}