{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:03:43Z","timestamp":1774274623246,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","techvir.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:21:40Z","timestamp":1749169300000},"page":"101040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Under Pressure: Treatment of Acute Severe Hypertension (Hypertensive Crisis)"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Wilton","family":"Fidelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basheir","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarig","family":"Elhakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dania","family":"Daye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/01.RVI.0000083253.29749.2F","article-title":"A practical approach to hypertension in the 21st century","volume":"14","author":"Waybill","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0002","first-page":"e13","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0003","series-title":"Estimated hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control among U.S. Adults","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.245","article-title":"Hypertensive crisis: clinical-epidemiological profile","volume":"34","author":"Vilela-Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1901117","article-title":"Acute severe hypertension","volume":"381","author":"Peixoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i4.204","article-title":"Autonomic and endocrine control of cardiovascular function","volume":"7","author":"Gordan","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6E","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90716-2","article-title":"Alpha-adrenergic receptors and blood pressure control","volume":"57","author":"Reid","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1002101","article-title":"Angiotensin II and inflammation: the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade","volume":"21","author":"Dandona","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"112309","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0009","article-title":"Angiotensin II: role in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and diseases","volume":"592","author":"Ajoolabady","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318190b6dc","article-title":"Preoperative and intraoperative predictors of cardiac adverse events after general, vascular, and urological surgery","volume":"110","author":"Kheterpal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1757341","article-title":"Hypertensive and hypotensive emergencies in interventional radiology","volume":"39","author":"Trivedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00243","article-title":"Risk factors for hypertensive crisis in adult patients: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Benenson","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00256-5","article-title":"Catecholamine-induced hypertensive crises: current insights and management","volume":"11","author":"Nazari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0807-9","article-title":"Sympathomimetic toxidromes and other pharmacological causes of acute hypertension","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0515-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular hypertensive emergencies","volume":"17","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13010060","article-title":"Prevalence of myocardial injury and myocardial infarction in patients with a hypertensive emergency: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Talle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2","article-title":"Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure","volume":"42","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0809-7","article-title":"Optimizing hypertensive acute heart failure management with afterload reduction","volume":"20","author":"Collins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13025","article-title":"Clinical and research considerations for patients with hypertensive acute heart failure: A consensus statement from the society for academic emergency medicine and the heart failure society of America acute heart failure working group","volume":"23","author":"Collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005419","article-title":"Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure","volume":"364","author":"Felker","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9970","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61005-9","article-title":"Management of acute aortic dissection","volume":"385","author":"Nienaber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2017.10.07","article-title":"Endovascular management of acute aortic dissection","volume":"8","author":"Khayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70025-0","article-title":"Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Feigin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.561795","volume":"41","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e282","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000407","article-title":"2022 guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A guideline from the American heart association\/American stroke association","volume":"53","author":"Greenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01757-7","article-title":"Emergency medical management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"39","author":"Vergouwen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e314","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000436","article-title":"2023 guideline for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A guideline from the American Heart Association\/American stroke association","volume":"54","author":"Hoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9969","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60975-2","article-title":"The durability of endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: 18 year follow-up of the UK cohort of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT)","volume":"385","author":"Molyneux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001123","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2023 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"147","author":"Tsao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2021.07.027","article-title":"Ischemic stroke","volume":"134","author":"Feske","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.192535","volume":"40","author":"Del Zoppo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804656","article-title":"Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"359","author":"Hacke","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211","volume":"50","author":"Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-007-0092-5","article-title":"Management of hypertension in the setting of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"9","author":"Heitsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0035","first-page":"521","article-title":"A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke","volume":"48","author":"Lloyd","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1415061","article-title":"Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke","volume":"372","author":"Saver","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10029","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00163-X","article-title":"Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials","volume":"387","author":"Goyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706442","article-title":"Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct","volume":"378","author":"Nogueira","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0039","first-page":"208","article-title":"Management of hypertensive emergencies: A practical approach","volume":"30","author":"Rossi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxy045","article-title":"Safety of high-dose intravenous labetalol in hypertensive crisis","volume":"76","author":"Hecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0041","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma crisis in the emergency department","volume":"13","author":"Bartikoski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2185\/jrm.2021-045","article-title":"Nicardipine versus nitroglycerin for hypertensive acute heart failure syndrome: A single-center observational study","volume":"17","author":"Koroki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Rural Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002338","article-title":"Intravenous nicardipine and labetalol use in hypertensive patients with signs or symptoms suggestive of end-organ damage in the emergency department: A subgroup analysis of the CLUE trial","volume":"3","author":"Cannon","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.06.040","article-title":"A systematic review of nicardipine vs labetalol for the management of hypertensive crises","volume":"30","author":"Peacock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2165\/00129784-200303010-00003","article-title":"Hypertensive emergencies: etiology and management","volume":"3","author":"Tuncel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-016-0125-4","article-title":"Intravenous enalaprilat for treatment of acute hypertensive heart failure in the emergency department","volume":"9","author":"Ayaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-022-00776-9","article-title":"Management of hypertensive crisis: British and Irish Hypertension Society position document","volume":"37","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000499940","article-title":"Is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system good for the kidney in acute settings?","volume":"143","author":"Dudoignon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02039.x","article-title":"Fenoldopam, a dopamine agonist, for hypertensive emergency: A multicenter randomized trial. Fenoldopam Study Group","volume":"7","author":"Tumlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2001.00449.x","article-title":"Emergency room management of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies","volume":"3","author":"Vidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxac357","article-title":"Initiation of oral antihypertensives in hospitalized patients with hypertensive urgency: A descriptive study","volume":"80","author":"Chun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81649-X","article-title":"Dose-response evaluation of oral labetalol in patients presenting to the emergency department with accelerated hypertension","volume":"20","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2014.29.3.315","article-title":"Amlodipine and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients: Meta-analysis comparing amlodipine-based versus other antihypertensive therapy","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0055","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Amlodipine","author":"Bulsara","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360150236029","article-title":"Treatment of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies with oral clonidine loading and titration. A review","volume":"146","author":"Houston","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089251625000228?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089251625000228?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T11:17:18Z","timestamp":1750677438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089251625000228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S1089251625000228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-2516"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1089-2516","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Under Pressure: Treatment of Acute Severe Hypertension (Hypertensive Crisis)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101040"}}