{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:35:23Z","timestamp":1754163323380,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","techvir.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T11:16:00Z","timestamp":1751886960000},"page":"101059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatorenal Syndrome: Updates on Definition, Classification, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Marchak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Puello","family":"Barron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Premal","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0022-7","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m2687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2687","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"370","author":"Simonetto","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050223-112947","article-title":"Update on hepatorenal syndrome: From pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"76","author":"Khemichian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.07.008","article-title":"An integrated review of the Hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Ojeda-Yuren","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0005","first-page":"164","article-title":"Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club","volume":"23","author":"Arroyo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.03.031","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) and International Club of Ascites (ICA) joint multidisciplinary consensus meeting","volume":"81","author":"Nadim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25735","article-title":"Association of AKI with mortality and complications in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis","volume":"57","author":"Belcher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.06.028","article-title":"Harmonizing acute and chronic kidney disease definition and classification: report of a kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference","volume":"100","author":"Lameire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.07.043","article-title":"Prognostic importance of the cause of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"140","author":"Mart\u00edn-Llah\u00ed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001325","article-title":"Evaluation of renal disease in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"54","author":"Lum","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R82","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9004","article-title":"Fluid accumulation, recognition and staging of acute kidney injury in critically-ill patients","volume":"14","author":"Macedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000003031","article-title":"Center-related bias in MELD scores within a liver transplant UNOS region: A call for standardization","volume":"104","author":"Verna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.26216","article-title":"Estimating glomerular filtration rate in cirrhosis using creatinine-based and cystatin C-based equations: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Singapura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13600","article-title":"Cystatin C predicts acute kidney injury and mortality in cirrhotics: A prospective cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Maiwall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00861.x","article-title":"Early detection of acute renal failure by serum cystatin C","volume":"66","author":"Herget-Rosenthal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.02.330","article-title":"Bleeding complications of native kidney biopsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Corapi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2020.07.016","article-title":"Transjugular renal biopsy bleeding risk and diagnostic yield: A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"St Jeor","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080532","article-title":"Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: A proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Schrier","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"23\u201334","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0019","first-page":"35","article-title":"Hepatorenal disorders: Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"14","author":"Bernardi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.07.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of decompensation and organ failure in cirrhosis: From peripheral arterial vasodilation to systemic inflammation hypothesis","volume":"63","author":"Bernardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9109-7","article-title":"Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy","volume":"3","author":"Wong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13589","article-title":"The pathophysiology of arterial vasodilatation and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis","volume":"38","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.08.027","article-title":"LEFT ventricular function assessed by echocardiography in cirrhosis: Relationship to systemic hemodynamics and renal dysfunction","volume":"58","author":"Nazar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.07.044","article-title":"Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis","volume":"60","author":"Wiest","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200406000-00010","article-title":"Nitric oxide in ascitic fluid is an independent predictor of the development of renal impairment in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"16","author":"Such","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26599","article-title":"Bile acids trigger cholemic nephropathy in common bile-duct ligated mice","volume":"58","author":"Ficket","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.035","article-title":"Association between grade of acute on chronic liver failure and response to terlipressin and albumin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Piano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31884","article-title":"Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases","volume":"74","author":"Biggins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.024","article-title":"Fluid resuscitation in patients with cirrhosis and sepsis: A multidisciplinary perspective","author":"Durand","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10536-7","article-title":"Asia-Pacific association for the study of liver guidelines on the management of ascites in liver disease","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27709","article-title":"Terlipressin plus albumin versus midodrine and octreotide plus albumin in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized trial","volume":"62","author":"Cavallin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0676.2000.020001051.x","article-title":"Central and systemic haemodynamic effects of terlipressin in portal hypertensive patients","volume":"20","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26021","article-title":"Positive cardiac inotropic effect of albumin infusion in rodents with cirrhosis and ascites: Molecular mechanisms","volume":"57","author":"Bortoluzzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03086.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: Terlipressin therapy for the hepatorenal syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Fabrizi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.11.306","article-title":"Hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis","volume":"166","author":"Pose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28396","article-title":"Terlipressin given by continuous intravenous infusion versus intravenous boluses in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: A randomized controlled study","volume":"63","author":"Cavallin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0037","first-page":"CD011039","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts for adults with hepatorenal syndrome","author":"Gonzalez-Garay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13389","article-title":"Renal replacement therapy in critically ill liver cirrhotic patients-outcome and clinical implications","volume":"37","author":"Staufer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi212","article-title":"The course of type 1 hepato-renal syndrome post liver transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Marik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10263","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death after liver transplantation: Analysis of sex differences in a large nationwide cohort","volume":"35","author":"Serrano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.01.123","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for hepatorenal syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.032","article-title":"Decreasing mortality among patients hospitalized with cirrhosis in the United States from 2002 through 2010","volume":"148","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.26072","article-title":"The Current management of Hepatorenal Syndrome-acute kidney Injury in the United States and the potential of terlipressin [published correction appears in Liver Transpl. 2022 Jan;28(1)","volume":"27","author":"Flamm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.06.014","article-title":"TIPS: 25 years later","volume":"59","author":"R\u00f6ssle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s002680020380","article-title":"Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Present status, comparison with endoscopic therapy and shunt surgery, and future prospectives","volume":"25","author":"R\u00f6sch","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07261-9","article-title":"Liver-HERO: hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Ripoll","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"}],"container-title":["Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089251625000411?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1089251625000411?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:54:26Z","timestamp":1753923266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1089251625000411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1089251625000411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1089-2516"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1089-2516"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hepatorenal Syndrome: Updates on Definition, Classification, Pathophysiology and Treatment Options","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvir.2025.101059","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101059"}}