{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:51:45Z","timestamp":1791942705096,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018621","name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRT0723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRT0723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30671584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30671584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U0631006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U0631006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,19]],"date-time":"2009-11-19T15:29:04Z","timestamp":1258644544000},"page":"99-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["High prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Hong-Xia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian-Hong","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang-Liu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ping","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Ling","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.2054-2059.2001","article-title":"Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark","volume":"45","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0010","first-page":"195","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli among pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms with different in-feed medication policies in Ontario and British Columbia","volume":"72","author":"Akwar","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.004","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of antibacterial multidrug resistance","volume":"128","author":"Alekshun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.12.2925","article-title":"Incidence and characterization of integrons, genetic elements mediating multiple-drug resistance, in avian Escherichia coli","volume":"43","author":"Bass","year":"1999","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0025","series-title":"Diseases of Swine","first-page":"441","article-title":"Postweaning E. coli diarrhea and edema disease","author":"Bertschinger","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.2.275","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs reared under antimicrobial-free and conventional production methods","volume":"231","author":"Bunner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2798-2804.2005","article-title":"Epidemiologic relationship between fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and pigs in Taiwan (1997\u20132002)","volume":"43","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0040","series-title":"Basic and Clinical Biostatistics","author":"Dawson","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120800","article-title":"Sampling the antibiotic resistome","volume":"311","author":"D\u2019Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0050","first-page":"299","article-title":"Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)","volume":"30","author":"Dho-Moulin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290260469589","article-title":"Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy children in Spain","volume":"8","author":"Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbial Drug Resistance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3940","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02770-05","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of ceftiofur-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from dairy calves","volume":"72","author":"Donaldson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.183-190.2001","article-title":"Contemporary assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for polymyxin B and colistin: review of available interpretative criteria and quality control guidelines","volume":"39","author":"Gales","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2977-2980.1997","article-title":"Rapid pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for typing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other gram-negative organisms in one day","volume":"35","author":"Gautom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.3.723-726.2001","article-title":"Incidence of class 1 and 2 integrases in clinical and commensal bacteria from livestock, companion animals, and exotics","volume":"45","author":"Goldstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7813","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01087-06","article-title":"Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems","volume":"72","author":"Jindal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki076","article-title":"Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons found in Escherichia coli isolates from humans and animals in Korea","volume":"55","author":"Kang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5348","DOI":"10.1021\/es703199g","article-title":"Indirect evidence of transposon-mediated selection of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic systems at low-level oxytetracycline exposures","volume":"42","author":"Knapp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.12.015","article-title":"Detection and characterisation of CTX-M and CMY-2 beta-lactamases among Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Guangdong Province of China","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01686-07","article-title":"Coprevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QepA, Qnr, and AAC(6\u2032)-Ib-cr among 16S rRNA methylase RmtB-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pigs","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3214-3221.2003","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149:K91 isolates obtained over a 23-year period from pigs","volume":"47","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1086\/340246","article-title":"Antimicrobial use and resistance in animals","volume":"34","author":"McEwen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2007.05.002","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from organic chicken, conventional chicken and conventional turkey meat: a comparative survey","volume":"19","author":"Miranda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2007.2984.2987","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy and septicemic chickens","volume":"10","author":"Moniri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0125","unstructured":"NCCLS, 2002. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard. NCCLS Document M31-A2. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, PA, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.02.018","article-title":"Withdrawal of growth-promoting antibiotics in Europe and its effects in relation to human health","volume":"30","author":"Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg483","article-title":"Dose the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data","volume":"53","author":"Phillips","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0140","first-page":"160","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli isolated from grow-finish pigs in 20 herds in Alberta and Saskatchewan","volume":"72","author":"Rosengren","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0145","unstructured":"Saenz, Y., Zarazaga, M., Lantero, M., Gastanares, M.J., Torres, C., 1999. Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans, animals and food. In: Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. University of La Rioja, Logrono, Spain, p. 102."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.3.1394-1404.2005","article-title":"Patterns of antimicrobial resistance observed in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from domestic- and wild-animal fecal samples, human septage, and surface water","volume":"71","author":"Sayah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.03.011","article-title":"Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria","volume":"119","author":"Tenover","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.9.2233-2239.1995","article-title":"Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing","volume":"33","author":"Tenover","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg493","article-title":"Antibiotic use in animals\u2014prejudices, perceptions and realities","volume":"53","author":"Turnidge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00145-X","article-title":"Epidemiology of resistance to antibiotics, links between animals and humans","volume":"14","author":"van den Bogaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/45.5.663","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in pig faecal samples from the Netherlands (five abattoirs) and Sweden","volume":"45","author":"van den Bogaard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.10.002","article-title":"Associations between reported on-farm antimicrobial use practices and observed antimicrobial resistance in generic fecal Escherichia coli isolated from Alberta finishing swine farms","volume":"88","author":"Varga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5353.996","article-title":"Medical consequences of antibiotic use in agriculture","volume":"279","author":"Witte","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3483-3489.2004","article-title":"Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from diseased chickens and swine in China","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.05.009","article-title":"Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in poultry and swine clinical isolates of Escherichia coli","volume":"132","author":"Yue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.01.021","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates","volume":"107","author":"Zhao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"}],"container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023309004225?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023309004225?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:26:02Z","timestamp":1761071162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090023309004225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1090023309004225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"High prevalence and widespread distribution of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in pigs and poultry in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Veterinary Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.10.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}