{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:59:17Z","timestamp":1793746757613,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,7]],"date-time":"2015-08-07T13:07:12Z","timestamp":1438952832000},"page":"14-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systematic pain assessment in horses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"J.C.","family":"de Grauw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.P.A.M.","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.09.005","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of the development of infant facial expressions in response to acute pain: Immediate and regulatory expressions","volume":"153","author":"Ahola Kohut","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2746\/042516405775314826","article-title":"Behavioural assessment of pain in horses and donkeys: Application to clinical practice and future studies","volume":"37","author":"Ashley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.006","article-title":"Reliability of the visual analog scale in children with acute pain in the emergency department","volume":"153","author":"Bailey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-143","article-title":"Validation of the English version of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in cats","volume":"9","author":"Brondani","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.10.011","article-title":"Development of a composite orthopaedic pain scale in horses","volume":"85","author":"Bussi\u00e8res","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0299-z","article-title":"Physiological and analgesic effects of continuous-rate infusion of morphine, butorphanol, tramadol or methadone in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced carpal synovitis","volume":"10","author":"Carregaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406777749236","article-title":"Arthrogenic lameness of the fetlock: Synovial fluid markers of inflammation and cartilage turnover in relation to clinical joint pain","volume":"38","author":"de Grauw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X436286","article-title":"In vivo effects of meloxicam on inflammatory mediators, MMP activity and cartilage biomarkers in equine joints with acute synovitis","volume":"41","author":"de Grauw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R35","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2640","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators and cartilage biomarkers in synovial fluid after a single inflammatory insult: A longitudinal experimental study","volume":"11","author":"de Grauw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.03.030","article-title":"In vivo effects of phenylbutazone on inflammation and cartilage-derived biomarkers in equine joints with acute synovitis","volume":"201","author":"de Grauw","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Veterinary journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92281","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092281","article-title":"Development of the horse grimace scale (HGS) as a pain assessment tool in horses undergoing routine castration","volume":"9","author":"Dalla Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0065","first-page":"102","article-title":"The visual analog scale in the immediate postoperative period: Intrasubject variability and correlation with a numeric scale","volume":"86","author":"DeLoach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0070","series-title":"Pain Management in Animals","first-page":"53","article-title":"Pain assessment","author":"Dobromylskyj","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0075","first-page":"715","article-title":"Pain recognition and treatment in the horse: A survey of equine veterinarians in The Netherlands and Belgium","volume":"136","author":"Dujardin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2746\/095777308X382669","article-title":"Managing severe hoof pain in a horse using multimodal analgesia and a modified composite pain score","volume":"21","author":"Dutton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2003.00523.x","article-title":"Effects of intravenous lidocaine on isoflurane concentration, physiological parameters, metabolic parameters and stress-related hormones in horses undergoing surgery","volume":"50","author":"Dzikiti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.08.008","article-title":"Physiological and behavioural responses of young horses to hot iron branding and microchip implantation","volume":"191","author":"Erber","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0095","first-page":"141","article-title":"Epidural analgesia with morphine or buprenorphine in ponies with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced carpal synovitis","volume":"75","author":"Freitas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2008.03.008","article-title":"Changes in synovial fluid and serum biomarkers with exercise and early osteoarthritis in horses","volume":"10","author":"Frisbie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.2.210","article-title":"Evaluation of topically administered diclofenac liposomal cream for treatment of horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis","volume":"70","author":"Frisbie","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.10.012","article-title":"The intra- and inter-assessor reliability of measurement of functional outcome by lameness scoring in horses","volume":"171","author":"Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12212","article-title":"An equine pain face","volume":"42","author":"Gleerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.04.029","article-title":"Clinical application and reliability of a post abdominal surgery pain assessment scale (PASPAS) in horses","volume":"188","author":"Graubner","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12030","article-title":"Use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor as an adjunctive analgesic in a horse with laminitis","volume":"40","author":"Guedes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406775374315","article-title":"Mechanical nociceptive thresholds in the axial skeleton of horses","volume":"38","author":"Haussler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.25.852","article-title":"Investigations of the reliability of observational gait analysis for the assessment of lameness in horses","volume":"158","author":"Hewetson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.01.61","article-title":"Comparison of three methods used for assessment of pain in dogs","volume":"212","author":"Holton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0145","first-page":"403","article-title":"Evidence-based lameness detection and quantification. Veterinary Clinics of North America","volume":"23","author":"Keegan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Equine practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X479568","article-title":"Repeatability of subjective evaluation of lameness in horses","volume":"42","author":"Keegan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0155","series-title":"Definition and Classification of Lameness. Guide for Veterinary Service and Judging of Equestrian Events","first-page":"19","author":"Kester","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1455","article-title":"Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse","volume":"7","author":"Langford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00521.x","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of intra-articular morphine in experimentally induced radiocarpal synovitis in horses","volume":"37","author":"Lindegaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X391024","article-title":"Analgesic effect of butorphanol in ponies following castration","volume":"41","author":"Love","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101440","article-title":"Postcastration analgesia in ponies using buprenorphine hydrochloride","volume":"172","author":"Love","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12133","article-title":"Analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of epidural morphine in horses after laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy under general anesthesia","volume":"41","author":"Martin-Flores","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(06)81015-4","article-title":"Preliminary studies on the use of plasma beta-endorphin in horses, as an indicator of stress and pain","volume":"13","author":"McCarthy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Equine Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0190","series-title":"Classification of Chronic Pain, 2nd Edn. International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Task Force on Taxonomy","first-page":"209","article-title":"Part III: Pain terms, a current list with definitions and notes on usage","author":"Merskey","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12076","article-title":"A preventive multimodal analgesic strategy for bilateral rostral mandibulectomy in a horse","volume":"26","author":"Minghella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0200","series-title":"Studies on the Histopathology of Acute Laminitis","author":"Obel","year":"1948"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03080.x","article-title":"Effects of ketoprofen and phenylbutazone on chronic hoof pain and lameness in the horse","volume":"27","author":"Owens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2003.00139.x","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of a behaviour-based system for assessment of post-operative pain in horses following arthroscopic surgery","volume":"30","author":"Price","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00205-8","article-title":"Identification of potential physiological and behavioral indicators of postoperative pain in horses after exploratory celiotomy for colic","volume":"80","author":"Pritchett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1997.tb01478.x","article-title":"Preliminary investigations of pain and analgesia assessment in horses administered phenylbutazone or placebo after arthroscopic surgery","volume":"26","author":"Raekallio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Veterinary Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2004.00627.x","article-title":"The association between heart rate, heart rate variability, endocrine and behavioural pain measures in horses suffering from laminitis","volume":"51","author":"Rietmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406775374379","article-title":"The importance of assessing pain in horses and donkeys","volume":"38","author":"Robertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00452.x","article-title":"Effects of intraarticular ropivacaine and morphine on lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis in horses","volume":"36","author":"Santos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.10.1194","article-title":"Analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and phenylbutazone administered alone and in combination in young horses undergoing routine castration","volume":"235","author":"Sanz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02585.x","article-title":"Effects of continuous rate intravenous infusion of butorphanol on physiologic and outcome variables in horses after celiotomy","volume":"18","author":"Sellon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-7-55","article-title":"The rat grimace scale: A partially automated method for quantifying pain in the laboratory rat via facial expressions","volume":"7","author":"Sotocinal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.700","article-title":"Comparison of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes and recruitment curves between the forelimbs and hind limbs in conscious horses","volume":"64","author":"Spadavecchia","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.12.1467","article-title":"Effects of intra-articular injections of bufexamac suspension on amphotericin B-induced aseptic arthritis in horses","volume":"60","author":"Suominen","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.10.008","article-title":"A behaviour-based pain scale for horses with acute colic: Scale construction","volume":"196","author":"Sutton","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.04.007","article-title":"Validation of two behaviour-based pain scales for horses with acute colic","volume":"197","author":"Sutton","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0395-8","article-title":"Refinement and partial validation of the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale for assessing postoperative pain in horses","volume":"11","author":"Taffarel","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1629","article-title":"Short-term effect of therapeutic shoeing on severity of lameness in horses with chronic laminitis","volume":"63","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0285","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosing and treating pain in the horse. Where are we today? Veterinary Clinics of North America","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200209000-00006","article-title":"Observational visual analog scale in pediatric pain assessment: Useful tool or good riddance?","volume":"18","author":"van Dijk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00077.x","article-title":"Intra-articular opioid analgesia is effective in reducing pain and inflammation in an equine LPS induced synovitis model","volume":"42","author":"van Loon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.01.015","article-title":"Analgesic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of epidural morphine in an equine LPS-induced acute synovitis model","volume":"193","author":"van Loon","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.07.030","article-title":"Upregulation of articular synovial membrane mu-opioid-like receptors in an acute equine synovitis model","volume":"196","author":"van Loon","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.01.003","article-title":"Monitoring equine visceral pain with a composite pain scale score and correlation with survival after emergency gastrointestinal surgery","volume":"200","author":"van Loon","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.05.011","article-title":"Comparison of subjective scoring systems used to evaluate equine laminitis","volume":"188","author":"Vi\u00f1uela-Fernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0320","first-page":"754","article-title":"Comparison of intraoperative behavioral and hormonal responses to noxious stimuli between mares sedated with caudal epidural detomidine hydrochloride or a continuous intravenous infusion of detomidine hydrochloride for standing laparoscopic ovariectomy","volume":"39","author":"Virgin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0325","first-page":"481","article-title":"Effects of stress on pain in horses and incorporating pain scales for equine practice. Veterinary Clinics of North America","volume":"26","author":"Wagner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0330","series-title":"Equine Lameness","author":"Wyn-Jones","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90201-4","article-title":"Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals","volume":"16","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"}],"container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023315003214?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023315003214?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T12:17:17Z","timestamp":1718021837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090023315003214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S1090023315003214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systematic pain assessment in horses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Veterinary Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2015.07.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}