{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:54:27Z","timestamp":1792133667895,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BBS\/E\/I\/00001714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBS\/E\/I\/00001714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEFRA SE1515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEFRA SE1515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L004267\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L004267\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/E\/I\/00002014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/E\/I\/00002014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T03:39:23Z","timestamp":1514950763000},"page":"41-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":439,"special_numbering":"C","title":["African swine fever: A re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"P.J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.L.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.K.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.04.028","article-title":"Deletion of virulence associated genes from attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OUR T88\/3 decreases its ability to protect against challenge with virulent virus","volume":"443","author":"Abrams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000848","article-title":"Detection of African swine fever virus in the tissues of asymptomatic pigs in smallholder farming systems along the Kenya-Uganda border: implications for transmission in endemic areas and ASF surveillance in East Africa","volume":"98","author":"Abworo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0015","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Identification of a new genotype of African swine fever virus in domestic pigs from Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Achenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.4.1858-1864.2004","article-title":"African swine fever virus multigene family 360 and 530 genes affect host interferon response","volume":"78","author":"Afonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(97)01459-7","article-title":"African swine fever virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the 32kDa immediate early protein (vp32)","volume":"49","author":"Alonso","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.084","article-title":"Enhancing DNA immunization by targeting ASFV antigens to SLA-II bearing cells","volume":"29","author":"Argilaguet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.02.005","article-title":"BacMam immunization partially protects pigs against sublethal challenge with African swine fever virus","volume":"98","author":"Argilaguet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0040","article-title":"DNA vaccination partially protects against African swine fever virus lethal challenge in the absence of antibodies","volume":"7","author":"Argilaguet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Public Library of Science One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050170056","article-title":"Antigenic and immunogenic properties of a chimera of two immunodominant African swine fever virus proteins","volume":"146","author":"Barderas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0946-8","article-title":"Genotyping field strains of African swine fever virus by partial p72 gene characterisation","volume":"148","author":"Bastos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-016-0264-x","article-title":"Preventive measures aimed at minimizing the risk of African swine fever virus spread in pig farming systems","volume":"58","author":"Bellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.026","article-title":"Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar","volume":"173","author":"Blome","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.05.051","article-title":"Modern adjuvants do not enhance the efficacy of an inactivated African swine fever virus vaccine preparation","volume":"32","author":"Blome","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1804.111813","article-title":"High virulence of African swine fever virus Caucasus isolate in European wild boars of all ages","volume":"18","author":"Blome","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerging and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80058-0","article-title":"Characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic African swine fever virus isolates from Ornithodoros erraticus inhabiting pig premises in Portugal","volume":"85","author":"Boinas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000490","article-title":"African swine fever virus serotype-specific proteins are significant protective antigens for African swine fever","volume":"97","author":"Burmakina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.1.580-583.1994","article-title":"Long-term persistent infection of swine monocytes\/macrophages with African swine fever virus","volume":"68","author":"Carrillo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.101283","article-title":"Genomic analysis of highly virulent Georgia 2007\/1 isolate of African swine fever virus","volume":"17","author":"Chapman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.030","article-title":"Epidemiology of African swine fever virus","volume":"173","author":"Costard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.10.005","article-title":"Perforin expression can define CD8 positive lymphocyte subsets in pigs allowing phenotypic and functional analysis of natural killer, cytotoxic T, natural killer T and MHC un-restricted cytotoxic T-cells","volume":"110","author":"Denyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.020","article-title":"African swine fever virus replication and genomics","volume":"173","author":"Dixon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E241","DOI":"10.3390\/v9090241","article-title":"Investigations of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors affecting African swine fever virus replication and pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Dixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.10.012","article-title":"Antibody-mediated neutralization of African swine fever virus: myths and facts","volume":"173","author":"Escribano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-87","article-title":"Increase in chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 in blood from pigs infected with high compared to low virulence African swine fever virus isolates","volume":"44","author":"Fishbourne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.12.010","article-title":"Characterization of the interaction of African swine fever virus with monocytes and derived macrophage subsets","volume":"198","author":"Franzoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110430","article-title":"Characterization of African swine fever virus Caucasus isolate in European wild boars","volume":"17","author":"Gabriel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2009.140554","article-title":"Genetic variation among African swine fever genotype II viruses, Eastern and Central Europe","volume":"20","author":"Gallardo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerging and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12346","article-title":"Experimental infection of domestic pigs with African swine fever virus Lithuania 2014 genotype II field isolate","volume":"64","author":"Gallardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12431","article-title":"Experimental transmission of African swine fever (ASF) low virulent isolate NH\/P68 by surviving pigs","volume":"62","author":"Gallardo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.06.003","article-title":"Porcine T lymphocytes and NK cells-an update","volume":"33","author":"Gerner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.10.025","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional differentiation of porcine \u03b1\u03b2 T cells: current knowledge and available tools","volume":"66","author":"Gerner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0196-5","article-title":"The low-virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV\/NH\/P68) induces enhanced expression and production of relevant regulatory cytokines (IFN\u03b1, TNF\u03b1 and IL12p40) on porcine macrophages in comparison to the highly virulent ASFV\/L60","volume":"153","author":"Gil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.03.019","article-title":"Sensitivity of African swine fever virus to type I interferon is linked to genes within multigene families 360 and 505","volume":"493","author":"Golding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2104.141792","article-title":"Tandem repeat insertion in African swine fever virus, Russia, 2012","volume":"21","author":"Goller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerging and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9068","article-title":"The African swine fever virus proteins p54 and p30 are involved in two distinct steps of virus attachment and both contribute to the antibody-mediated protective immune response","volume":"243","author":"Gomez-Puertas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.01.017","article-title":"Pathology of African swine fever: the role of monocyte\u2013macrophage","volume":"173","author":"Gomez-Villamandos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01317145","article-title":"Modulation of splenic macrophages, and swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) and viral antigen expression following African swine fever virus (ASFV) inoculation","volume":"123","author":"Gonzalez-Juarrero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(92)90049-V","article-title":"Swine leukocyte antigen and macrophage marker expression on both African swine fever virus-infected and non-infected primary porcine macrophage cultures","volume":"32","author":"Gonzalez-Juarrero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2009.0071","article-title":"The regulation of type I interferon production by paramyxoviruses","volume":"29","author":"Goodbourn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700103","article-title":"A comparison of three avidin\u2013biotin complex immunoenzyme systems for detection of African swine fever virus antigen in paraffin-embedded tissues","volume":"7","author":"Gregg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700106","article-title":"African swine fever virus infection of skin-derived dendritic cells in vitro causes interference with subsequent foot-and-mouth disease virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Gregg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103593","article-title":"Transmission routes of African swine fever virus to domestic pigs: current knowledge and future research directions","volume":"178","author":"Guinat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-014-0093-8","article-title":"Dynamics of African swine fever virus shedding and excretion in domestic pigs infected by intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission","volume":"45","author":"Guinat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.08.004","article-title":"Simulating the epidemiological and economic effects of an African swine fever epidemic in industrialized swine populations","volume":"193","author":"Halasa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.09.024","article-title":"Pathogenesis of highly virulent African swine fever virus in domestic pigs exposed via intraoropharyngeal, intranasopharyngeal, and intramuscular inoculation, and by direct contact with infected pigs","volume":"178","author":"Howey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949638","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/949638","article-title":"Epidemiological overview of African swine fever in Uganda (2001\u20132012)","volume":"2013","author":"Kalenzi Atuhaire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.12.013","article-title":"Interferon status and white blood cells during infection with African swine fever virus in vivo","volume":"145","author":"Karalyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0240","first-page":"1","article-title":"African swine fever in the Russian Federation: risk factors for Europe and beyond","volume":"28","author":"Khomenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Empres Watch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.052","article-title":"Protection of European domestic pigs from virulent African isolates of African swine fever virus by experimental immunisation","volume":"29","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13322","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01893-14","article-title":"Expression library immunization can confer protection against lethal challenge with African swine fever virus","volume":"88","author":"Lacasta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-015-0275-z","article-title":"Live attenuated African swine fever viruses as ideal tools to dissect the mechanisms involved in viral pathogenesis and immune protection","volume":"46","author":"Lacasta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00395-16","article-title":"Induction of robust immune responses in swine by using a cocktail of adenovirus-vectored African swine fever virus antigens","volume":"23","author":"Lokhandwala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2017.01.004","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of mammalian cell derived and modified vaccinia Ankara vectored African swine fever subunit antigens in swine","volume":"185","author":"Lopera-Madrid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0270","first-page":"104","article-title":"Hemadsorption and cytopathic effect produced by African swine fever virus in swine bone marrow and buffy coat cultures","volume":"21","author":"Malmquist","year":"1960","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.03.002","article-title":"Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus isolates originating from outbreaks in the Russian Federation between 2007 and 2011","volume":"158","author":"Malogolovkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01058","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01058-17","article-title":"BA71\u0394CD2: a new recombinant live attenuated African swine fever virus with cross-protective capabilities","volume":"91","author":"Monteagudo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(21)80031-4","article-title":"A form of swine fever occurring in British East Africa (Kenya Colony)","volume":"34","author":"Montgomery","year":"1921","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12303","article-title":"Immunization of African indigenous pigs with attenuated genotype I African swine fever virus OURT88\/3 induces protection against challenge with virulent strains of genotype I","volume":"63","author":"Mulumba-Mfumu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e436","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12304","article-title":"Detection of African swine fever antibodies in experimental and field samples from the Russian Federation: implications for control","volume":"63","author":"Mur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.11.011","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies to African swine fever virus proteins p30, p54, and p72 are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection","volume":"319","author":"Neilan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12614","article-title":"Biological characterization of African swine fever virus genotype II strains from North-Eastern Estonia in European wild boar","volume":"64","author":"Nurmoja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00554-15","article-title":"African swine fever virus Georgia isolate harbouring deletions of MGF360 and MGF505 genes is attenuated in swine and confers protection against challenge with virulent parental virus","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8556","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00969-15","article-title":"African swine fever virus Georgia 2007 with a deletion of virulence-associated gene 9GL (B119L), when administered at low doses, leads to virus attenuation in swine and induces an effective protection against homologous challenge","volume":"89","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0320","first-page":"e01760","article-title":"Simultaneous deletion of the 9GL and UK Genes from the African swine fever virus Georgia 2007 isolate offers increased safety and protection against homologous challenge","volume":"91","author":"O\u2019Donnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.11.012","article-title":"Comparison of African swine fever virus prevalence and risk in two contrasting pig-farming systems in South-west and Central Kenya","volume":"110","author":"Okoth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1040","article-title":"Passively transferred African swine fever virus antibodies protect swine against lethal infection","volume":"198","author":"Onisk","year":"1994","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81038-0","article-title":"In vivo depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes abrogates protective immunity to African swine fever virus","volume":"86","author":"Oura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v80i2.172","article-title":"Review of African swine fever: transmission, spread and control","volume":"80","author":"Penrith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2430-2","article-title":"Course and transmission characteristics of oral low-dose infection of domestic pigs and European wild boar with a Caucasian African swine fever virus isolate","volume":"160","author":"Pietschmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/2211071a0","article-title":"African swine fever virus in ticks (Ornithodoros moubata, Murray) collected from animal burrows in Tanzania","volume":"221","author":"Plowright","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2016.0121","article-title":"Influence of age and dose of African swine fever virus infections on clinical outcome and blood parameters in pigs","volume":"30","author":"Post","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viral Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170054","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170054","article-title":"Behaviour of free ranging wild boar towards their dead fellows: potential implications for the transmission of African swine fever","volume":"4","author":"Probst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.08.011","article-title":"Deletion of African swine fever virus interferon inhibitors from the genome of a virulent isolate reduces virulence in domestic pigs and induces a protective response","volume":"34","author":"Reis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0370","first-page":"e01428","article-title":"Deletion of the African swine fever virus gene DP148R does not reduce virus replication in culture but reduces virus virulence in pigs and induces high levels of protection against challenge","volume":"30","author":"Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02338","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02338-16","article-title":"Unraveling the armor of a killer: evasion of host defenses by African swine fever virus","volume":"91","author":"Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1412.080591","article-title":"African swine fever virus isolate, Georgia, 2007","volume":"14","author":"Rowlands","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerging and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.11.021","article-title":"Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88\/3","volume":"138","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0390","article-title":"Evaluation of protection induced by immunisation of domestic pigs with deletion mutant African swine fever virus Benin\u0394MGF by different doses and routes","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0395","first-page":"683","article-title":"Role of hepatic macrophages during the viral haemorrhagic fever induced by African swine fever virus","volume":"23","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Cord\u00f3n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histology and Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2014.09.003","article-title":"An update on the epidemiology and pathology of African swine fever","volume":"152","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01293.x","article-title":"African swine fever: an epidemiological update","volume":"59","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1984.45.07.1367","article-title":"African swine fever in neonatal pigs: passively acquired protection from colostrum or serum of recovered pigs","volume":"45","author":"Schlafer","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0415","first-page":"455","article-title":"The antibody response in pigs inoculated with attenuated African swine fever virus","volume":"32","author":"Stone","year":"1968","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0420","first-page":"475","article-title":"Antibody response to inactivated preparations of African swine fever virus in pigs","volume":"28","author":"Stone","year":"1967","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.11.009","article-title":"Cellular immunity in ASFV responses","volume":"173","author":"Takamatsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0430","first-page":"192","article-title":"Evidence for the presence of African swine fever virus in an endemic region of Western Kenya in the absence of any reported outbreak","volume":"12","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Central Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12391","article-title":"Statistical exploration of local transmission routes for African swine fever in pigs in the Russian Federation, 2007\u20132014","volume":"64","author":"Vergne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.9734\/BMRJ\/2015\/12941","article-title":"Comparative analysis of clinical and biological characteristics of African swine fever virus isolates from 2013 year Russian Federation","volume":"5","author":"Vlasova","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Microbiology Research Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01315054","article-title":"The association of African swine fever virus with blood components of infected pigs","volume":"55","author":"Wardley","year":"1977","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(84)90050-3","article-title":"The persistence of African swine fever in Africa and the Mediterranean","volume":"2","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10514","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00485-06","article-title":"Macrophage transcriptional responses following in vitro infection with a highly virulent African swine fever virus isolate","volume":"80","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"}],"container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109002331730268X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109002331730268X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:28:26Z","timestamp":1761071306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S109002331730268X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S109002331730268X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"African swine fever: A re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Veterinary Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Pirbright Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}