{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:58:13Z","timestamp":1789001893657,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T18:24:25Z","timestamp":1551378265000},"page":"50-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Therapeutic developments in equine pain management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Khursheed R.","family":"Mama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Hector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet066","article-title":"Facilitatory effects of perineural dexmedetomidine on neuraxial and peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"110","author":"Abdallah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.11.1404","article-title":"Evaluation of the use of atropine sulfate, a combination of butylscopolammonium bromide and metamizole sodium, and flunixin meglumine to ameliorate clinical adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses","volume":"74","author":"Abutarbush","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2012.07335.x","article-title":"Peri-operative intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate and postoperative pain: a meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Albrecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(02)00011-1","article-title":"Use of opioids for pain and anesthetic management in horses","volume":"18","author":"Bennett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054406801","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary effects and pharmacokinetics of i.v. dexmedetomidine in ponies","volume":"37","author":"Bettschart-Wolfensberger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2006.24.158","article-title":"Low-level laser therapy in acute pain: a systematic review of possible mechanisms of action and clinical effects in randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Bjordal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0035","first-page":"65","article-title":"A comparison of N-butylscopolammonium bromide and butorphanol tartrate for analgesia using a balloon model of abdominal pain in ponies","volume":"60","author":"Boatwright","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb02417.x","article-title":"Intravenous lidocaine and small-intestinal size, abdominal fluid, and outcome after colic surgery in horses","volume":"16","author":"Brianceau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00087.x","article-title":"Investigation of the immediate analgesic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of navicular disease in horses","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2015.03.001","article-title":"Effect of PO administered gabapentin on chronic lameness in horses","volume":"35","author":"Caldwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0299-z","article-title":"Physiological and analgesic effects of continuous-rate infusion of morphine, butorphanol, tramadol or methadone in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced carpal synovitis","volume":"10","author":"Carregaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq041","article-title":"Adding ketamine to morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for acute postoperative pain: a qualitative review of randomized trials","volume":"104","author":"Carstensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/ar604","article-title":"Drugs in development: bisphosphonates and metalloproteinase inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Catterall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13926","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162468699","article-title":"COX-3, a cyclooxygenase-1 variant inhibited by acetaminophen and other analgesic\/antipyretic drugs: cloning, structure, and expression","volume":"99","author":"Chandrasekharan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2007.00350.x","article-title":"The effects of morphine on the recovery of horses from halothane anaesthesia","volume":"35","author":"Clark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2010.07.002","article-title":"Opioid analgesia in horses","volume":"3","author":"Clutton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12515","article-title":"The effects of mepivacaine hydrochloride on antimicrobial activity and mechanical nociceptive threshold during amikacin sulfate regional limb perfusion in the horse","volume":"45","author":"Colbath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0090","first-page":"716","article-title":"Pharmacology of narcotic analgesics in the horse: selective blockade of narcotic-induced locomotor activity","volume":"42","author":"Combie","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0095","first-page":"870","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of morphine in horses","volume":"44","author":"Combie","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.01.014","article-title":"Pharmacology of bisphosphonates","volume":"49","author":"Cremers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.01004.x","article-title":"Effects of meloxicam and phenylbutazone on equine gastric mucosal permeability","volume":"26","author":"D\u2019Arcy-Moskwa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.1.100","article-title":"Force platform evaluation of lameness severity following extracorporeal shock wave therapy in horses with unilateral forelimb lameness","volume":"229","author":"Dahlberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.5.755","article-title":"Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse","volume":"231","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2006.12.006","article-title":"The clinical role of NMDA receptor antagonists for the treatment of postoperative pain","volume":"21","author":"De Kock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12354","article-title":"Clinical effects and pharmacokinetic variables of romifidine and the peripheral \u03b12-adrenoceptor antagonist MK-467 in horses","volume":"43","author":"De Vries","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00492.x","article-title":"Intravenous tramadol: effects, nociceptive properties, and pharmacokinetics in horses","volume":"36","author":"Dhanjal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12110","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic\/clinical approach to postulate a local action of intra-articular xylazine administration in the horse: a preliminary study","volume":"37","author":"Di Salvo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04101.x","article-title":"Effect of intravenous lidocaine on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies","volume":"30","author":"Doherty","year":"1998","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.1.91","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of paste formulations of firocoxib and phenylbutazone in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis","volume":"232","author":"Doucet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1991.tb00332.x","article-title":"The reliability of endoscopic examination in assessment of arytenoid cartilage movement in horses. Part II. Influence of side of examination, reexamination, and sedation","volume":"20","author":"Ducharme","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(96)80118-7","article-title":"Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists in the horse\u2014a review","volume":"152","author":"England","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.9.1484","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of a subanesthetic continuous rate infusion of ketamine in awake horses","volume":"67","author":"Fielding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70251-0","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Finnerup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.3.290","article-title":"Clinical, biochemical, and histologic effects of intra-articular administration of autologous conditioned serum in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis","volume":"68","author":"Frisbie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-015-1730-9","article-title":"Effect of low-level laser therapy on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Ginani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X250292","article-title":"Effect of chiropractic manipulations on the kinematics of back and limbs in horses with clinically diagnosed back problems","volume":"40","author":"Gomez Alvarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.07.008","article-title":"Medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse\u2014a review","volume":"171","author":"Goodrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.32436","article-title":"Epidural morphine and detomidine decreases postoperative hindlimb lameness in horses after bilateral stifle arthroscopy","volume":"31","author":"Goodrich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00120.x","article-title":"Tiludronate infusion in the treatment of bone spavin: a double blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Gough","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200443130-00004","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of tramadol","volume":"43","author":"Grond","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12603","article-title":"Soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and pharmacologic inhibition in horses with chronic severe laminitis","volume":"49","author":"Guedes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12448","article-title":"Plasma concentrations, analgesic and physiological assessments in horses with chronic laminitis treated with two doses of oral tramadol","volume":"48","author":"Guedes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.5.610","article-title":"Effect of ketamine hydrochloride on the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in horses with signs of chronic laminitis-associated pain","volume":"73","author":"Guedes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12030","article-title":"Use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor as an adjunctive analgesic in a horse with laminitis","volume":"40","author":"Guedes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0225","first-page":"405","article-title":"Effects of systemic magnesium on post-operative analgesia: is the current evidence strong enough?","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.11.1449","article-title":"Effects of in vivo lidocaine administration at the time of ischemia and reperfusion on in vitro contractility of equine jejunal smooth muscle","volume":"72","author":"Guschlbauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20583","article-title":"GaAlAs (830nm) low-level laser enhances peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia in rats","volume":"39","author":"Hagiwara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1998.00165.x","article-title":"Lidocaine in the horse: its pharmacological effects and their relationship to analytical findings","volume":"21","author":"Harkins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0245","series-title":"Equine Internal Medicine","first-page":"138","article-title":"Recognizing and treating pain in horses","author":"Hector","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2003.00143.x","article-title":"Comparison of opioid and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor binding in horse and dog brain using radioligand autoradiography","volume":"30","author":"Hellyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.414","article-title":"Evaluation of the analgesic effects of phenylbutazone administered at a high or low dosage in horses with chronic lameness","volume":"226","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406776866408","article-title":"Antagonism of detomidine sedation in the horse using intravenous tolazoline or atipamezole","volume":"38","author":"Hubbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.09.020","article-title":"Short term analgesic effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in horses with proximal palmar metacarpal\/plantar metatarsal pain","volume":"179","author":"Imboden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05668.x","article-title":"Comparison of detomidine, butorphanol, flunixin meglumine and xylazine in clinical cases of equine colic","volume":"7","author":"Jochle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0275","first-page":"217","article-title":"Effects of butorphanol, flunixin, levorphanol, morphine, and xylazine in ponies","volume":"45","author":"Kalpravidh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2008.02.007","article-title":"A review of the efficacy of tiludronate in the horse","volume":"28","author":"Kamm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0285","series-title":"Proceedings of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Meeting","article-title":"Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations and cartilage toxicity of bupivacaine following intra-articular administration of a liposomal formulation to horses","author":"Knych","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2378","article-title":"Detection and pharmacokinetics of grapiprant following oral administration to exercised Thoroughbred horses","volume":"10","author":"Knych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Test. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12318","article-title":"Disposition, behavioural and physiological effects of escalating doses of intravenously administered fentanyl to young foals","volume":"47","author":"Knych","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1988.tb02799.x","article-title":"Selected aspects of the clinical pharmacology of visceral analgesics an gut motility modifying drugs in the horse","volume":"2","author":"Kohn","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12486_41","article-title":"A preliminary study of the effect of manual chiropractic treatment on the splenius muscle in horses when measured by surface electromyography","volume":"47","author":"Langstone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0798-1","article-title":"Pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical field study to evaluate the effectiveness of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension for the provision of post-surgical analgesia in dogs undergoing stifle surgery","volume":"12","author":"Lascelles","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.03.320","article-title":"Effect of alpha 2-adrenergic, cholinergic, and nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs on myoelectric activity of ileum, cecum, and right ventral colon and on cecal emptying of radiolabeled markers in clinically normal ponies","volume":"58","author":"Lester","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.11.1323","article-title":"Effect of topical application of 1% diclofenac sodium liposomal cream on inflammation in healthy horses undergoing intravenous regional limb perfusion with amikacin sulfate","volume":"70","author":"Levine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2010.00526.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular morphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis","volume":"37","author":"Lindegaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00521.x","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of intra-articular morphine in experimentally induced radiocarpal synovitis in horses","volume":"37","author":"Lindegaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0335","first-page":"225","article-title":"Analgesic and sedative effects of detomidine in a colic model: blind studies on efficacy and duration of effects","volume":"30","author":"Lowe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Annu. Conven. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0340","first-page":"85","article-title":"Analgesic and sedative effects of detomidine compared to xylazine in a colic model using i.v. and i.m. routes of administration","volume":"82","author":"Lowe","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0345","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th World Congress of Veterinary Anaesthesia","first-page":"145","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine alone and in combination with two doses of the peripheral alpha-2 adrenoreceptor antagonist MK-467 in sevoflurane anesthetized dogs","author":"Mama","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0350","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th World Congress of Veterinary Anaesthesia","first-page":"154","article-title":"The effects of xylazine, dexmedetomidine and clonidine on normal and interleukin-1 conditioned equine cartilage explants","author":"Mama","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1987.tb00919.x","article-title":"Treatment of chronic back pain in horses stimulation of acupuncture points with a low powered infrared laser","volume":"16","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12133","article-title":"Analgesic and gastrointestinal effects of epidural morphine in horses after laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy under general anesthesia","volume":"41","author":"Martin-Flores","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1702","article-title":"Evaluation of analgesia resulting from extracorporeal shock wave therapy and radial pressure wave therapy in the limbs of horses and sheep","volume":"66","author":"McClure","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-003-1197-1","article-title":"The production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole blood by physico-chemical induction","volume":"52","author":"Meijer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.5.619","article-title":"Effect of xylazine, detomidine, and a combination of xylazine and butorphanol on equine duodenal motility","volume":"59","author":"Merritt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2012.12.010","article-title":"Intravenous tramadol injection has no antinociceptive effect in horses undergoing electrical and thermal stimuli","volume":"33","author":"Milar\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000354","article-title":"Nerve growth factor blockade for the management of osteoarthritis pain: what can we learn from clinical trials and preclinical models?","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12099","article-title":"Ketamine pharmacology: an update (pharmacodynamics and molecular aspects, recent findings)","volume":"19","author":"Mion","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0395","first-page":"2081","article-title":"Visceral analgesia: effects of xylazine, butorphanol, meperidine, and pentazocine in horses","volume":"46","author":"Muir","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0400","first-page":"1518","article-title":"Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of a xylazine-acetylpromazine drug combination in horses","volume":"40","author":"Muir","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0405","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of xylazine-morphine sulfate in horses","volume":"40","author":"Muir","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.7.1043","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of single-dose intragastric and intravenous pregabalin administration in clinically normal horses","volume":"74","author":"Mullen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1342","article-title":"Effects of alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists on urine production in horses deprived of food and water","volume":"65","author":"Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.09-0285","article-title":"Effects of intravenous fentanyl administration on end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations in thoroughbred racehorses undergoing orthopedic surgery","volume":"72","author":"Ohta","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.5.664","article-title":"Evaluation of oral administration of firocoxib for the management of musculoskeletal pain and lameness associated with osteoarthritis in horses","volume":"73","author":"Orsini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.06.866","article-title":"Effects of pretreatment with ketoprofen and phenylbutazone on experimentally induced synovitis in horses","volume":"57","author":"Owens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12238","article-title":"Detomidine and the combination of detomidine and MK-467, a peripheral alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, as premedication in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane","volume":"42","author":"Pakkanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0440","series-title":"Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs: Small and Large Animal","author":"Papich","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2010.00590.x","article-title":"Comparison of the cytotoxic effects of bupivacaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine in equine articular chondrocytes","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01039.x","article-title":"In vivo effects of a single intra-articular injection of 2% lidocaine or 0.5% bupivacaine on articular cartilage of normal horses","volume":"41","author":"Piat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12045","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of oral administration of meloxicam to foals","volume":"27","author":"Raidal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.4.446","article-title":"Effects of intravenous administration of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in horses","volume":"72","author":"Rezende","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.06.036","article-title":"Effects on cardiopulmonary function and oxygen delivery of doses of romifidine and xylazine followed by constant rate infusions in standing horses","volume":"195","author":"Ringer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0470","first-page":"1667","article-title":"A new analgesic drug combination in the horse","volume":"44","author":"Robertson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054223723","article-title":"Effect of systemic lidocaine on visceral and somatic nociception in conscious horses","volume":"37","author":"Robertson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(02)00010-X","article-title":"Epidural anesthesia and analgesia in horses","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0485","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Efficacy of a single-formula acupuncture treatment for horses with palmar heel pain","volume":"56","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.129.17.378","article-title":"Analgesic and spasmolytic effects of dipyrone, hyoscine-N-butylbromide and a combination of the two in ponies","volume":"129","author":"Roelvink","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.5.579","article-title":"Effect of acepromazine, butorphanol, or N-butylscopolammonium bromide on visceral and somatic nociception and duodenal motility in conscious horses","volume":"69","author":"Sanchez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb03066.x","article-title":"Effect of fentanyl on visceral and somatic nociception in conscious horses","volume":"21","author":"Sanchez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.21836\/PEM20120301","article-title":"Continuous intravenous lidocaine infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses undergoing surgical procedures","volume":"28","author":"Schuhbeck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pferdeheilkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02585.x","article-title":"Effects of continuous rate intravenous infusion of butorphanol on physiologic and outcome variables in horses after celiotomy","volume":"18","author":"Sellon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.05.670","article-title":"Caudal analgesia induced by epidural or subarachnoid administration of detomidine hydrochloride solution in mares","volume":"55","author":"Skarda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.09.1338","article-title":"Comparison of antinociceptive, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects, head ptosis, and position of pelvic limbs in mares after caudal epidural administration of xylazine and detomidine hydrochloride solution","volume":"57","author":"Skarda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-014-0411-1","article-title":"Effect of low-level laser therapy on pain and swelling in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Smoot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cancer Survivorship"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.10.003","article-title":"Effects of transdermal lidocaine or lidocaine with prilocaine or tetracaine on mechanical superficial sensation and nociceptive thermal thresholds in horses","volume":"45","author":"Sobbeler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2011.01299.x","article-title":"The use of phenylbutazone in the horse","volume":"35","author":"Soma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0540","first-page":"239","article-title":"Electroacupuncture in the treatment of chronic lameness in horses and ponies: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"53","author":"Steiss","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0545","first-page":"199","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of detomidine in isoflurane-anaesthetised horses","volume":"67","author":"Still","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2746\/042516407X240456","article-title":"The effects of chiropractic, massage and phenylbutazone on spinal mechanical nociceptive thresholds in horses without clinical signs","volume":"40","author":"Sullivan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776117818","article-title":"The effects of xylazine, detomidine, acepromazine and butorphanol on equine solid phase gastric emptying rate","volume":"34","author":"Sutton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90039-E","article-title":"The acupuncture point and its connecting central pathway for producing acupuncture analgesia","volume":"30","author":"Takeshige","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.4.376","article-title":"Effects of MK-467 hydrochloride and hyoscine butylbromide on cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal changes induced by detomidine hydrochloride in horses","volume":"79","author":"Tapio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2018.02.015","article-title":"Comparison of analgesic effects of a constant rate infusion of both tramadol and acetaminophen versus those infusions of each individual drug in horses","volume":"64","author":"Tavanaeimanesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03543.x","article-title":"Effect of postoperative pethidine on the anaesthetic recovery period in the horse","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(02)00009-3","article-title":"Diagnosing and treating pain in the horse. Where are we today?","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2010.01161.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic profile and behavioral effects of gabapentin in the horse","volume":"33","author":"Terry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.12.008","article-title":"Ascending nociceptive control contributes to the antinociceptive effect of acupuncture in a rat model of acute pain","volume":"15","author":"Tobaldini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199602000-00011","article-title":"Role of magnesium sulfate in postoperative analgesia","volume":"84","author":"Tramer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0600","series-title":"Proceedings (web based) 38th Annual Meeting American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia","first-page":"39","article-title":"The effects of xylazine on normal and interleukin-1 conditioned equine articular cartilage explants","author":"Ullmer","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12012","article-title":"Plasma drug concentrations and clinical effects of a peripheral alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist, MK-467, in horses sedated with detomidine","volume":"40","author":"Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(06)81087-7","article-title":"Effect of xylazine during endoscopic evaluation of functional upper respiratory disorders in horses","volume":"13","author":"Valdes-Vazquez","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.2746\/042516405775314772","article-title":"Effect of a constant rate infusion of lidocaine on the quality of recovery from sevoflurane or isoflurane general anaesthesia in horses","volume":"37","author":"Valverde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2005.00100.x","article-title":"Laparoscopic ovariectomy using the endo-GIA stapling device and endo-catch pouches and evaluation of analgesic efficacy of epidural morphine sulfate in 10 mares","volume":"34","author":"Van Hoogmoed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00077.x","article-title":"Intra-articular opioid analgesia is effective in reducing pain and inflammation in an equine LPS induced synovitis model","volume":"42","author":"van Loon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.11.002","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of intravenous and extradural tramadol in dogs","volume":"183","author":"Vettorato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2013.11.008","article-title":"Anesthesia and analgesia for standing equine surgery","volume":"30","author":"Vigani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.4.452","article-title":"Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of equipotent anesthetic doses of sevoflurane alone and sevoflurane plus an intravenous infusion of lidocaine in horses","volume":"72","author":"Wagner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.05.651","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses","volume":"52","author":"Wagner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.72","article-title":"Use of low doses of ketamine administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia in dogs","volume":"221","author":"Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00800.x","article-title":"Effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on desmitis of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in the horse","volume":"40","author":"Waguespack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.8.828","article-title":"Effects of fentanyl administration on locomotor response in horses with the G57C \u03bc-opioid receptor polymorphism","volume":"77","author":"Wetmore","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2011.00639.x","article-title":"Use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) as a short-term adjunctive analgesic in a laminitic pony","volume":"38","author":"West","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."}],"container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023319300292?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023319300292?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T07:30:46Z","timestamp":1721028646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090023319300292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":133,"alternative-id":["S1090023319300292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Therapeutic developments in equine pain management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Veterinary Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.02.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}