{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:04:43Z","timestamp":1793037883593,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":344,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DPI2017-83259-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DPI2017-83259-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005053","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011782","name":"Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:37:59Z","timestamp":1569584279000},"page":"105392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Use of computational fluid dynamics to compare upper airway pressures and airflow resistance in brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2128-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Parra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Pey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Zilberstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Malv\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.05.1002","article-title":"Tidal breathing flow-volume loop analysis for clinical assessment of airway obstruction in conscious dogs","volume":"47","author":"Amis","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(96)00052-7","article-title":"Control of epiglottic position in dogs: role of negative upper airway pressure","volume":"105","author":"Amis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Respiration Physiology and Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0015","series-title":"Ansys CFX Theory Manual v.16","author":"Ansys Inc","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.08.007","article-title":"Updates on pulmonary function testing in small animals","volume":"44","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.05.030","article-title":"Canine awake head-out plethysmography (hop): characterization of external resistive loading and spontaneous laryngeal paralysis","volume":"151","author":"Bedenice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respiration Physiology and Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.09.009","article-title":"Description of original endoscopic findings and respiratory functional assessment using barometric whole-body plethysmography in dogs suffering from brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome","volume":"183","author":"Bernaerts","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01063.2006","article-title":"Tracheal stenosis: a fluid dynamics study","volume":"102","author":"Brouns","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1504-3","article-title":"On studying the interaction between different stent models and rabbit tracheal tissue: numerical, endoscopic and histological comparison","volume":"44","author":"Chaure","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.05.768","article-title":"Hypoplasia of the trachea in dogs: 103 cases (1974\u20131990)","volume":"201","author":"Coyne","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20592","article-title":"Reconstruction and morphometric analysis of the nasal airway of the dog (canis familiaris) and implications regarding olfactory airflow","volume":"290","author":"Craven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anatomical Record (Hoboken N. J.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3148202","article-title":"Development and verification of a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics model of canine nasal airflow","volume":"131","author":"Craven","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c5107","article-title":"Comparative use of CO2 laser, diode laser and monopolar electrocautery for resection of the soft palate in dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome","volume":"167","author":"Duni\u00e9-M\u00e9rigot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0065","first-page":"1799","article-title":"The role of the olfactory recess in olfactory airflow","volume":"217","author":"Eiting","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0070","series-title":"Miller\u2019s Anatomy of the Dog","first-page":"87","author":"Evans","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.9.1048","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991\u20132008)","volume":"237","author":"Fasanella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.12.019","article-title":"Computational model of airflow in upper 17 generations of human respiratory tract","volume":"41","author":"Gemci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01047.x","article-title":"Structural characteristics of the soft palate and meatus nasopharyngeus in brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs analyzed by CT","volume":"52","author":"Grand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Small Animal Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.05.013","article-title":"Airway physiology and clinical function testing","volume":"37","author":"Hoffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12531","article-title":"Quantification of nasal airflow resistance in English bulldog using computing tomography and computational fluid dynamics","volume":"58","author":"Hostnik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000331","article-title":"Proposal for a new radiological index to determine skull conformation in the dog","volume":"154","author":"Koch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv F\u00fcr Tierheilkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000561","article-title":"Comparative investigations on the upper respiratory tract in Norwich terriers, brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dogs","volume":"156","author":"Koch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv Tierheilkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.11.022","article-title":"Patient specific CFD models of nasal airflow: overview of the methods and challenges","volume":"46","author":"Kyun Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2005.02.010","article-title":"Numerical simulation of intranasal airflow after radical sinus surgery","volume":"26","author":"Lindemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Otolaryngology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0120","article-title":"Characterization of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in French bulldogs using whole-body barometric plethysmography","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.7.835","article-title":"Bronchial abnormalities found in a consecutive series of 40 brachycephalic dogs","volume":"235","author":"Lorenzi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.06.018","article-title":"Modeling the bifurcating flow in a CT-scanned human lung airways","volume":"41","author":"Luo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.03.014","article-title":"Computational fluid-dynamics optimization of a human tracheal endoprosthesis","volume":"39","author":"Malv\u00e8","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2011.615743","article-title":"CFD analysis of the human airways under impedance-based boundary conditions: application to healthy, diseased and stented trachea","volume":"16","author":"Malv\u00e8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.02.001","article-title":"Modelling the air mass transfer in a healthy and a stented rabbit trachea: CT-images, computer simulations and experimental study, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"53","author":"Malv\u00e8","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12447","article-title":"A novel approach to brachycephalic syndrome. 2. Laser-Assisted Turbinectomy (LATE)","volume":"45","author":"Oechtering","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0155","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of Facial Conformation on Canine Health: Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Packer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0513.x","article-title":"Tidal breathing flow-volume loop analysis for the diagnosis and staging of tracheal collapse in dogs","volume":"24","author":"Pardali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(11)80043-9","article-title":"Craniofacial angle in dolicho-, mesocephalic-, and brachycephalic dog: radiological determination and application","volume":"175","author":"Regodon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0170","first-page":"134","article-title":"Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991\u20132004)","volume":"230","author":"Riecks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.08.1055","article-title":"Measurement of upper airway resistance in awake untrained dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs","volume":"55","author":"Rozanski","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2011.01816.x","article-title":"Computed tomographic imaging of dogs with primary laryngeal or tracheal airway obstruction","volume":"52","author":"Stadler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjl047","article-title":"Modeling inspiratory and expiratory steady-state velocity fields in the Sprague\u2013Dawley rat nasal cavity","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemical Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.12.032","article-title":"Airflow behavior changes in upper airway caused by different head and neck positions: Comparison by computational fluid dynamics","volume":"52","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12344","article-title":"Comparison of fluoroscopy and computed tomography for tracheal lumen diameter measurement and determination of intraluminal stent size in healthy dogs","volume":"57","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjj008","article-title":"Numerical modeling of turbulent and laminar airflow and odorant transport during sniffing in the human and rat nose","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemical Senses"}],"container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023319301273?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023319301273?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:30:02Z","timestamp":1761071402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090023319301273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1090023319301273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Use of computational fluid dynamics to compare upper airway pressures and airflow resistance in brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic dogs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Veterinary Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2019.105392","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105392"}}