{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:37:02Z","timestamp":1793111822276,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:08:09Z","timestamp":1791216489000},"page":"106916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["MRI findings in cauda equina nerve roots and associated clinical signs in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"320","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1873-274X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiste","family":"Siauciunaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Alder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1995.tb00204.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral spine in 13 dogs (1990\u20131993)","volume":"36","author":"Adams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Rad. Ultras."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000259809.75760.d5","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance myelography in the presurgical diagnosis of lumbar foraminal stenosis","volume":"32","author":"Aota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-4962-5","article-title":"Reversibility of nerve root sedimentation sign in lumbar spinal stenosis patients after decompression surgery","volume":"26","author":"Barz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europ. Spine. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3071-3","article-title":"Increased intraoperative epidural pressure in lumbar spinal stenosis patients with a positive nerve root sedimentation sign","volume":"23","author":"Barz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europ. Spine. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c7cf4b","article-title":"Nerve root sedimentation sign","volume":"35","author":"Barz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.06.105","article-title":"Clinical validity of the nerve root sedimentation sign in patients with suspected lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"14","author":"Barz","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib7","article-title":"Targeted screening of inflammatory mediators in spontaneous degenerative disc disease in dogs reveals an upregulation of the tumor necrosis superfamily","volume":"7","author":"Bitterli","year":"2024","journal-title":"JOR Sp."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182374465","article-title":"Three-dimensional magnetic resonance rendering imaging of lumbosacral radiculography in the diagnosis of symptomatic extraforaminal disc herniation with or without foraminal extension","volume":"37","author":"Byun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00324.x","article-title":"Surgical treatment of lumbosacral foraminal stenosis using a lateral approach in twenty dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis","volume":"36","author":"G\u00f6dde","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.10.1773","article-title":"Evaluation of the anatomic effect of physical therapy exercises for mobilization of lumbar spinal nerves and the dura mater in dogs","volume":"67","author":"Gruenenfelder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-21-63","article-title":"Imaging diagnosis of lumbar foraminal stenosis in the fifth lumbar nerve root: reliability and reproducibility of T1-weighted three-dimensional lumbar MRI","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Spine Sur."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib12","first-page":"697","article-title":"Lumbosacral stenosis and injury of the cauda equina","volume":"18","author":"Indrieri","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Sm. An. Pr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.018","article-title":"What progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs during the past 30 years?","volume":"201","author":"Jeffery","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Vet. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12891","article-title":"Dynamic MRI is reliable for evaluation of the lumbosacral spine in healthy dogs","volume":"61","author":"Lampe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Rad. Ultras."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13424","article-title":"Evaluation of L7-S1 nerve root pathology with low-field MRI in dogs with lumbosacral foraminal stenosis","volume":"49","author":"Lichtenhahn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.09.001","article-title":"The clinical significance of redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina in lumbar spinal stenosis patients: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neur. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.4.g99jl281057","article-title":"Effect of field strength on MR images: comparison of the same subject at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 T1","volume":"19","author":"Maubon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.5326\/0380555","article-title":"Association of cauda equina compression on magnetic resonance images and clinical signs in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis","volume":"38","author":"Mayhew","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. An Hosp. Ass."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.08.005","article-title":"Clinical significance of redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina in lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"110","author":"Min","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cl.. Neur. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16839","article-title":"Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and histological grade in spinal peripheral nerve sheath tumors in dogs","volume":"37","author":"Morabito","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12226","article-title":"Lymphocytic ganglioneuritis secondary to intervertebral disc extrusion in a dog","volume":"55","author":"Mouradian-Darby","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Small. Anim. Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-02040-w","article-title":"Redundant nerve roots indicate higher degree of stenosis in lumbar spine stenotic patients","volume":"123","author":"Nathani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. Belg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1994.tb01683.x","article-title":"Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in the dog: a review of 30 cases","volume":"35","author":"Ness","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Sm. An. Pr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02337-3","article-title":"Redundant nerve roots in lumbar spinal stenosis: inter- and intra-rater reliability of an MRI-based classification","volume":"62","author":"Papavero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurorad."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib25","article-title":"Hemangiosarcoma in a dog: a case report","volume":"67","author":"Penel","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vet. Rad. Ultr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06459-x","article-title":"Value of nerve root sedimentation sign in diagnosis and surgical indication of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musc. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib27","first-page":"111","article-title":"Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis","volume":"30","author":"Risio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Cl. N. Am. Sm. An. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01045.x","article-title":"Chronic hypertrophic ganglioneuritis mimicking spinal nerve neoplasia: clinical, imaging, pathologic findings, and outcome after surgical treatment","volume":"42","author":"R\u00f3denas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib29","first-page":"392","article-title":"Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina, MRI findings and postoperative clinical outcome: emphasizing an overlooked entity","volume":"12","author":"Rousan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gl. Sp. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib30","first-page":"470","article-title":"Clinical validation study to measure the performance of the nerve root sedimentation sign for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"32","author":"Staub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cont. Cl. Tr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2017.0033","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as autologous therapy in dogs with naturally occurring intervertebral disc disease: feasibility, safety, and preliminary results","volume":"23","author":"Steffen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissage Engin. P C Meth."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.12.1924","article-title":"Agreement between computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical findings in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis","volume":"229","author":"Suwankong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199211000-00013","article-title":"Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina caused by lumbar spinal canal stenosis","volume":"17","author":"Suzuki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01809142","article-title":"Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina","volume":"41","author":"Thulin","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182a8c2da","article-title":"Nerve root sedimentation sign for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"38","author":"Tomkins-Lane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02248-3","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of the nerve root sedimentation sign in lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurorad."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00527.x","article-title":"Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in 18 dogs","volume":"32","author":"Watt","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Sm. An. Pr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib38","first-page":"169","article-title":"Canine degenerative lumbosacral stenosis: prevalence, impact and management strategies","volume":"10","author":"Worth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Res. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12599","article-title":"Computed tomographic evaluation of dynamic alteration of the canine lumbosacral intervertebral neurovascular foramina","volume":"46","author":"Worth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib40","article-title":"Correlation between leg pain at rest and spinal nerve edema in symptomatic lumbar foraminal stenosis","volume":"109","author":"Yamada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ortho. Trau. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v10i4.3","article-title":"Dural sac localization using myelography and its application to the lumbosacral epidural in dogs","volume":"10","author":"Zapata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open. Vet. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-2064-6","article-title":"Diagnostic value of the nerve root sedimentation sign, a radiological sign using magnetic resonance imaging, for detecting lumbar spinal stenosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211013310","article-title":"The correlation between negative nerve root sedimentation sign and gravity: a study of upright lumbar multi-positional magnetic resonance images","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Global Spine J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E245","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318197162e","article-title":"Morphological analysis in patients with sciatica","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["The Veterinary Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023326003734?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1090023326003734?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:05:19Z","timestamp":1793109919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1090023326003734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1090023326003734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916","relation":{},"ISSN":["1090-0233"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1090-0233","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MRI findings in cauda equina nerve roots and associated clinical signs in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Veterinary Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvjl.2026.106916","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106916"}}