{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T14:47:00Z","timestamp":1769266020628,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urban Climate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T23:16:50Z","timestamp":1602285410000},"page":"100713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Aerosols in an urban cold climate: Physical and chemical characteristics of nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Devendra","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashu","family":"Dastoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parisa A.","family":"Ariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.2005.10464702","article-title":"Aerosol particle number concentration measurements in five European cities using TSI-3022 condensation particle counter over a three-year period during health effects of air pollution on susceptible subpopulations","volume":"55","author":"Aalto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD017144","article-title":"Formation and growth of ultrafine particles from secondary sources in Bakersfield, California","volume":"117","author":"Ahlm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0015","first-page":"3801","article-title":"Scavenging of ultrafine particles by rainfall at a boreal site: observations and model estimations","volume":"6","author":"Andronache","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Physics Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(98)00254-4","article-title":"Polar sunrise experiment 1995: hydrocarbon measurements and tropospheric cl and Br-atoms chemistry","volume":"33","author":"Ariya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01442350802597438","article-title":"Physical and chemical characterization of bioaerosols \u2013 implications for nucleation processes","volume":"28","author":"Ariya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1071\/EN10056","article-title":"Snow\u2013a photobiochemical exchange platform for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds with the atmosphere","volume":"8","author":"Ariya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500667e","article-title":"Mercury physicochemical and biogeochemical transformation in the atmosphere and at atmospheric interfaces: a review and future directions","volume":"115","author":"Ariya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.05.028","article-title":"Do snow and ice alter urban air quality?","volume":"186","author":"Ariya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11346-2","article-title":"Improved electrochemical properties of morphology-controlled titania\/titanate nanostructures prepared by in-situ hydrothermal surface modification of self-source Ti substrate for high-performance supercapacitors","volume":"7","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020901722992","article-title":"Vegetation analogs and differences in the northern and southern hemispheres: a global comparison","volume":"163","author":"Box","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0055","first-page":"24821","article-title":"Are black carbon and soot the same?","volume":"12","author":"Buseck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Physics Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-723-2011","article-title":"Observations of Saharan dust microphysical and optical properties from the Eastern Atlantic during NAMMA airborne field campaign","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.04.048","article-title":"Chemical contaminants (trace metals, persistent organic pollutants) in albacore tuna from western Indian and South-Eastern Atlantic oceans: trophic influence and potential as tracers of populations","volume":"596-597","author":"Chouvelon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.03.006","article-title":"The remarkable effect of FeSO4 seed aerosols on secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of \u03b1-pinene\/NOx and toluene\/NOx","volume":"55","author":"Chu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-012-0476-x","article-title":"Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene\/NO x photooxidation","volume":"7","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40311","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40311","article-title":"Influence of metal-mediated aerosol-phase oxidation on secondary organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis and OH-oxidation of \u03b1-pinene","volume":"7","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4601(2000)32:8<478::AID-KIN5>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of cl atom with selected C2\u2013C5 unsaturated hydrocarbons at 283< T< 323 K","volume":"32","author":"Coquet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Kinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.10.035","article-title":"Microbial and \u201cde novo\u201d transformation of dicarboxylic acids by three airborne fungi","volume":"390","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.07.007","article-title":"Characterization of fine primary biogenic organic aerosol in an urban area in the northeastern United States","volume":"44","author":"Coz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6623","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-6623-2011","article-title":"Remarkable dynamics of nanoparticles in the urban atmosphere","volume":"11","author":"Dall'Osto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1897\/08-341.1","article-title":"Nanoparticle characteristics affecting environmental fate and transport through soil","volume":"28","author":"Darlington","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15598","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusb.v64i0.15598","article-title":"Primary biological aerosol particles in the atmosphere: a review","volume":"64","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tellus Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10050275","article-title":"Particle formation in a complex environment","volume":"10","author":"Dominick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0120","author":"FEI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0125","series-title":"Ratio of geometric means to analyze continuous outcomes in meta-analysis: comparison to mean differences and ratio of arithmetic means using empiric data and simulation","first-page":"1857","volume":"31","author":"Friedrich","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9874","DOI":"10.1021\/es2020428","article-title":"Asian industrial lead inputs to the North Pacific evidenced by lead concentrations and isotopic compositions in surface waters and aerosols","volume":"45","author":"Gallon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500156","article-title":"Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece","volume":"11","author":"Georgiadis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9469","article-title":"Inhalation exposure study of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a primary particle size of 2 to 5 nm","volume":"115","author":"Grassian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2017.04.021","article-title":"Sub-micron particle number size distribution characteristics at two urban locations in Leicester","volume":"194","author":"Hama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-1686(91)90317-Z","article-title":"Optical counter response to monodisperse atmospheric aerosols","volume":"25","author":"Hering","year":"1991","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ. Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0155","series-title":"Aerosol Technology","author":"Hinds","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(99)00304-0","article-title":"Concentrations of submicrometre particles from vehicle emissions near a major road","volume":"34","author":"Hitchins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-4-391-2004","article-title":"Urban aerosol number size distributions","volume":"4","author":"Hussein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.10.061","article-title":"Meteorological dependence of size-fractionated number concentrations of urban aerosol particles","volume":"40","author":"Hussein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0175","author":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0180","series-title":"The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; edited","author":"IPCC","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0185","series-title":"Increased air pollution expressed as PM10 concentration and winter time are related to the frequency of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute coronary syndromes. ESC Congress 2019","author":"Januszek","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-7-1691-2014","article-title":"Development of the surface urban energy and water balance scheme (SUEWS) for cold climate cities","volume":"7","author":"J\u00e4rvi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2003.10.003","article-title":"Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations","volume":"35","author":"Kulmala","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2003.10.003","article-title":"Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations","volume":"35","author":"Kulmala","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aerosol Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-409-2005","article-title":"On the growth of nucleation mode particles: source rates of condensable vapor in polluted and clean environments","volume":"5","author":"Kulmala","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.01.014","article-title":"Wintertime characteristics of aerosols at middle indo-Gangetic plain: impacts of regional meteorology and long range transport","volume":"104","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-7877-2009","article-title":"An investigation of nucleation events in a coastal urban environment in the southern hemisphere","volume":"9","author":"Mejia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.09.020","article-title":"Trends in size classified particle number concentration in subtropical Brisbane, Australia, based on a 5 year study","volume":"41","author":"Mej\u00eda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-5131-2017","article-title":"The climatology of Australian aerosol","volume":"17","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.07.050","article-title":"Ambient nano and ultrafine particles from motor vehicle emissions: characteristics, ambient processing and implications on human exposure","volume":"42","author":"Morawska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EM00616C","article-title":"Role of snow and cold environment in the fate and effects of nanoparticles and select organic pollutants from gasoline engine exhaust","volume":"18","author":"Nazarenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.10.018","article-title":"Dispersion of particles and trace gases nearby a city highway: Mobile laboratory measurements in Finland","volume":"40","author":"Pirjola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04105","article-title":"Physical and chemical characterization of real-world particle number and mass emissions from city buses in Finland","volume":"50","author":"Pirjola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.12.011","article-title":"A European aerosol phenomenology\u20133: physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter from 60 rural, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe","volume":"44","author":"Putaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0255","article-title":"Physicochemical studies of aerosols at Montreal Trudeau airport: the importance of airborne nanoparticles containing metal contaminants","volume":"246","author":"Rahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11,760","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023773","article-title":"Snow-borne nanosized particles: abundance, distribution, composition, and significance in ice nucleation processes","volume":"120","author":"Rangel-Alvarado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11,760","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023773","article-title":"Snow-borne nanosized particles: abundance, distribution, composition, and significance in ice nucleation processes","volume":"120","author":"Rangel-Alvarado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.05.105","article-title":"Athabasca oil sands region snow contains efficient micron and nano-sized ice nucleating particles","volume":"252","author":"Rangel-Alvarado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(94)90362-X","article-title":"Geometric\/aerodynamic equivalent diameter ratios of ash aggregate aerosols collected in burning Kuwaiti well fields","volume":"28","author":"Reid","year":"1994","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0280","article-title":"Seasonal variation and size distribution of biogenic secondary organic aerosols at urban and continental background sites of China","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-2217-2007","article-title":"A study on the relationship between mass concentrations, chemistry and number size distribution of urban fine aerosols in Milan, Barcelona and London","volume":"7","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-015-0359-y","article-title":"Size-segregated urban particulate matter: mass closure, chemical composition, and primary and secondary matter content","volume":"9","author":"Rogula-Koz\u0142owska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0295","first-page":"11","article-title":"Anthropogenic photolabile chlorine in the cold-climate city of Montreal","author":"Ryan Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(02)01685-8","article-title":"A theoretical study of the reactions of carbonyl oxide with water in atmosphere: the role of water dimer","volume":"367","author":"Ryzhkov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0305","series-title":"Source identification of VOCs at an urban site of western India: Effect of marathon events and anthropogenic emissions","first-page":"2416","volume":"121","author":"Sahu","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.02.080","article-title":"Spatial and seasonal variations of the chemical, mineralogical and morphological features of quasi-ultrafine particles (PM0.49) at urban sites","volume":"553","author":"Samara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.05.023","article-title":"A review of chemical and physical characterisation of atmospheric metallic nanoparticles","volume":"94","author":"Sanderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0320","series-title":"Urbanization. Cities\u2019 contribution to global warming: notes on the allocation of greenhouse gas emissions","author":"Satterthwaite","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0325","series-title":"A review of what is an emerging contaminant","first-page":"15","volume":"8","author":"Sauv\u00e9","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01356","article-title":"Black carbon aerosol size in snow","volume":"3","author":"Schwarz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FD00026J","article-title":"Effects of halogens on European air-quality","volume":"200","author":"Sherwen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1021\/es990530z","article-title":"Characterization of particles from a current technology heavy-duty diesel engine","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0345","series-title":"Photo-catalytic oxidation reaction of gaseous mercury over titanium dioxide nanoparticle surfaces","first-page":"23","volume":"491","author":"Snider","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2307\/1412159","article-title":"The proof and measurement of association between two things","volume":"15","author":"Spearman","year":"1904","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.03.020","article-title":"Ambient aerosol size distributions and number concentrations measured during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS)","volume":"38","author":"Stanier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos10040168","article-title":"A review of the representation of aerosol mixing state in atmospheric models","volume":"10","author":"Stevens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.13044\/j.sdewes.d5.0133","article-title":"Water; Systems, E. Heavy metals in air nanoparticles in affected industry area","volume":"5","author":"S\u00fdkorov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Dev. Energy Water Environ. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-1465-2009","article-title":"Seasonal variation of aerosol size distributions in the free troposphere and residual layer at the puy de D\u00f4me station","volume":"9","author":"Venzac","year":"2009","journal-title":"France. Atmos Chem Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-2411-2006","article-title":"Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic-related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki","volume":"6","author":"Virtanen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL026899","article-title":"Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: Rapid and higher than expected","volume":"33","author":"Volkamer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2013.05.029","article-title":"Characterization of parameters influencing the spatio-temporal variability of urban particle number size distributions in four European cities","volume":"77","author":"von Bismarck-Osten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-2745-2010","article-title":"Particle number, particle mass and NOx emission factors at a highway and an urban street in Copenhagen","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.07.048","article-title":"Properties of aerosol signature size distributions in the urban environment as derived by cluster analysis","volume":"61","author":"Wegner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0400","series-title":"World health statistics 2015; World Health Organization","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.06.022","article-title":"Particle number size distribution in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-459-2019","article-title":"Estimation of atmospheric total organic carbon (TOC) \u2013 paving the path towards carbon budget closure","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713_bb0415","series-title":"Particle-resolved simulation of aerosol size, composition, mixing state, and the associated optical and cloud condensation nuclei activation properties in an evolving urban plume","volume":"115","author":"Zaveri","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Urban Climate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212095520302650?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212095520302650?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T19:50:03Z","timestamp":1761940203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212095520302650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S2212095520302650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-0955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-0955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Aerosols in an urban cold climate: Physical and chemical characteristics of nanoparticles","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urban Climate","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100713","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100713"}}