{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:38:09Z","timestamp":1773805089574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,8]],"date-time":"2017-07-08T04:32:42Z","timestamp":1499488362000},"page":"117-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Extended flowering and high weed resistance within two layer designed perennial \u201cprairie-meadow\u201d vegetation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Hitchmough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanim","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.15258\/sst.2007.35.3.10","article-title":"Germination and emergence of understorey and tall canopy forbs used in naturalistic sowing mixes. A comparison of performance in vitro v the field","volume":"35","author":"Ahmad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seed Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1803","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20142849","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.2849","article-title":"Where is the UK\u2019s pollinator biodiversity? The importance of urban areas for flower-visiting insects","volume":"282","author":"Baldock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B\u2013Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0015","series-title":"Seeds; Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination","author":"Baskin","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.11.011","article-title":"Is colourful self-sustaining forb vegetation mere fantasy?","volume":"15","author":"Bj\u00f8rn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2000.910214.x","article-title":"The effects of trophic structure and soil fertility on the assembly of plant communities; a microcosm experiment","volume":"91","author":"Buckland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2007.06.001","article-title":"Domesticated nature: motivations for gardening and perceptions of environmental impact","volume":"27","author":"Clayton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0035","series-title":"The Vegetation of Wisconsin. An Ordination of Plant Communities","author":"Curtis","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-004-1719-8","article-title":"What limits herb biomass in grasslands: competition or herbivory?","volume":"142","author":"del-Val","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0045","series-title":"Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa","author":"Ellenberg","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2745.2010.01734.x","article-title":"Patterns and mechanisms of conspecific and heterospecific interactions in a dry perennial grassland","volume":"99","author":"Farrer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvv037","article-title":"Using the British Collection of Asters to compare the attractiveness of 228 varieties to flower-visiting insects","volume":"44","author":"Garbuzov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2010.00710.x","article-title":"Exotic slugs pose a previously unrecognized threat to the herbaceous layer in a Midwestern woodland","volume":"19","author":"Hahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0158117","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158117","article-title":"Food for pollinators: quantifying the nectar and pollen resources of urban flower meadows","volume":"11","author":"Hicks","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.2307\/1941205","article-title":"Canopy structure and photon flux partitioning among species in an herbaceous plant community","volume":"76","author":"Hirose","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2005.11.005","article-title":"Establishing North American Prairie vegetation in urban parks in northern England: effect of management practice and initial soil type on long term community development","volume":"78","author":"Hitchmough","year":"2006","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-011-0154-y","article-title":"Slug grazing effects on seedling and adult life stages of North American Prairie plants used in designed urban landscapes","volume":"14","author":"Hitchmough","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(03)00096-3","article-title":"Establishing North American Prairie vegetation in urban parks in northern England. Part 1. Effect of sowing season, sowing rate and soil type","volume":"66","author":"Hitchmough","year":"2004","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0090","series-title":"Sowing Beauty; Designing Flowering Meadows from Seed","author":"Hitchmough","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12681.x","article-title":"Woodland canopy structure and the light response of juvenile Quercus lobata (Fagaceae)","volume":"82","author":"Holmes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0100","series-title":"Human Happiness Versus Urban Biodiversity? Public Perception of Designed Urban Planting in a Warming Climate","author":"Hoyle","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2307\/3543711","article-title":"Food of slugs in mixed deciduous woodland","volume":"26","author":"Jennings","year":"1975","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2307\/3546593","article-title":"Experimental evidence that interspecific competitive symmetry increases with soil productivity","volume":"80","author":"Keddy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2307\/3237052","article-title":"Competition between Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus in an Ancient Wood in England","volume":"9","author":"Le Duc","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Veg. Sci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2006.03.007","article-title":"Species richness, structural diversity and species composition in meadows created by visitors of a botanical garden in Switzerland","volume":"79","author":"Lindemann-Matthies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/00958960209600805","article-title":"The influence of an educational program on children\u2019s perception of biodiversity","volume":"33","author":"Lindemann-Matthies","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Environ. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2010.00669.x","article-title":"Dominant grasses suppress local diversity in restored tall grass prairie","volume":"18","author":"McCain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1139\/x97-148","article-title":"Forest floor moisture controls predator activity on juvenile seedlings of Pinus sylvestris","volume":"27","author":"Nystrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0140","series-title":"Planting, A New Perspective","author":"Oudolf","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02189007","article-title":"CO2 gas exchange of the understory plant Asarum europaeum L. in November","volume":"29","author":"Overdieck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0150","series-title":"Planting in a Post-Wild World: Designing Plant Communities for Resilient Landscapes","author":"Rainer","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12896","article-title":"Predicting a change in the order of spring phenology in temperate forests","volume":"21","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0160","series-title":"Monitoring the Condition of Lowland Grassland SSSIs: 1 English Nature\u2019s Rapid Assessment Method. English Nature","author":"Robertson","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0165","series-title":"British Plant Communities. Volume 3: Grasslands and Montane Communities","author":"Rodwell","year":"1992"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.89.3.500","article-title":"Impact of tree leaf phenology on growth rates and reproduction in the spring flowering species Trillium erectum (Liliaceace)","volume":"89","author":"Routhier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12499","article-title":"Enhancing gardens as habitats for flower-visiting aerial insects (pollinators): should we plant native or exotic species?","volume":"52","author":"Salisbury","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0180","series-title":"Contemporary Statistical Models for the Plant and Soil Sciences","author":"Schabenberger","year":"2002"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108588","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108588","article-title":"To burn or not to burn? effect of management strategy on north american prairie vegetation for public urban areas in Germany","volume":"9","author":"Schmithals","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.08.003","article-title":"Biodiverse perennial meadows have aesthetic value and increase residents\u2019 perceptions of site quality in urban green-space","volume":"158","author":"Southon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0195","series-title":"Wildflowers and Plant Communities of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and Piedmont","author":"Spira","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0200","first-page":"283","article-title":"Evaluation of direct and diffuse radiation densities under forest canopies and validation of the light diffusion effect","volume":"8","author":"Suzaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0205","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Seasonal patterns of the CO2 exchange characteristics of the understory plants from a deciduous forest","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can. J. For."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2003.11.001","article-title":"Preferences for and attitudes towards street flowers and trees in Sapporo, Japan","volume":"69","author":"Todorova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1890\/15-1918.1","article-title":"Persistent asymmetrical priority effects in a California grassland restoration experiment","volume":"26","author":"Werner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03630.x","article-title":"Habitat requirements in Primula species","volume":"97","author":"Whale","year":"1984","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-100X.2008.00448.x","article-title":"Functionally similar species confer greater resistance to invasion: implications for grassland restoration","volume":"17","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Restor. Ecol."}],"container-title":["Urban Forestry &amp; Urban Greening"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1618866717302339?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1618866717302339?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T12:33:18Z","timestamp":1538742798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1618866717302339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1618866717302339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-8667"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-8667","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Extended flowering and high weed resistance within two layer designed perennial \u201cprairie-meadow\u201d vegetation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2017.06.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}