{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:39:17Z","timestamp":1790872757111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004815","name":"Isaac Newton Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urban Forestry & Urban Greening"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T12:12:57Z","timestamp":1620907977000},"page":"127182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial distributive effects of public green space and COVID-19 infection in London"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayu","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5336-4084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronita","family":"Bardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2683-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0005","series-title":"Space Syntax Methodology (A Teaching)","author":"Al-Sayed","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x","article-title":"Local indicators of spatial association\u2013LISA","volume":"27","author":"Anselin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geogr. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0015","series-title":"The Sage Handbook of Spatial Analysis","first-page":"255","article-title":"Spatial regression","author":"Anselin","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0020","series-title":"Global Spatial Autocorrelation (1) Moran Scatter Plot and Spatial Correlogram","author":"Anselin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0025","series-title":"Global Spatial Autocorrelation (2) Bivariate, Differential and EB Rate Moran Scatter Plot.","author":"Anselin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0030","series-title":"Local Spatial Autocorrelation (1) Univariate Local Statistics","author":"Anselin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0035","series-title":"Local Spatial Autocorrelation (2) Advanced Topics","author":"Anselin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2015.06.005","article-title":"Does compact urban forms relate to good quality of life in high density cities of India? Case of Kolkata","volume":"48","author":"Bardhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-016-0202-y","article-title":"A conceptual model for identifying the risk susceptibility of urban green spaces using geo-spatial techniques","volume":"2","author":"Bardhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Model. Earth Syst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0050","series-title":"Staying at Home and Away From Others (social Distancing)","author":"Cabinet Office","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0055","series-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020"},{"issue":"7840","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0060","first-page":"82","article-title":"Mobility network models of COVID-19 explain inequities and inform reopening, Nature","volume":"589","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Springer US"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00438-6","article-title":"Slum health: arresting COVID-19 and improving well-being in urban informal settlements","author":"Corburn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0070","series-title":"Spatial Analysis for the Social Sciences (Analytical Methods for Social Research)","author":"Darmofal","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238972","article-title":"India nudges to contain COVID-19 pandemic: a reactive public policy analysis using machine-learning based topic modelling. (March), 1\u201325","author":"Debnath","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0080","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: a review of the current literature and built environment (BE) considerations to reduce transmission","author":"Dietz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Preprints"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.06.008","article-title":"Nearby green space and human health: evaluating accessibility metrics","volume":"157","author":"Dinand Ekkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landscape Urban Plann."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010297","article-title":"Does the connectivity of urban public green space promote its use? An empirical study of Wuhan","volume":"17","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0095","first-page":"553","article-title":"Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation: a global analysis","volume":"32","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Forestry Research. Springer Berlin Heidelberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0100","series-title":"Key London Figures","author":"GiGL","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0105","series-title":"The London Plan 2016 (tech. rep.)","author":"Greater London Authority","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1068\/b200029","article-title":"Natural movement: or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement","volume":"20","author":"Hillier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Plann. B Plann. Des."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0115","first-page":"155","article-title":"Normalising least angle choice in Depthmap and it opens up new perspectives on the global and local analysis of city space","volume":"3","author":"Hillier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Space Syntax"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101562","article-title":"The impact of green infrastructure on human health and well-being: The example of the Huckleberry Trail and the Heritage Community Park and Natural Area in Blacksburg, Virginia","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Soc. Elsevier"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.2230","article-title":"COVID-19 crisis demonstrates the urgent need for urban greenspaces","volume":"18","author":"Kleinschroth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30249-8","article-title":"Epidemic preparedness in urban settings: new challenges and opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0135","first-page":"282","article-title":"Chapter 7 London\u2019 s living spaces and places","author":"Mayor of London","year":"2016","journal-title":"The London Plan"},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102350","article-title":"Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic","volume":"61","author":"Megahed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Soc. Elsevier"},{"issue":"00","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0145","first-page":"1","article-title":"Urban form as policy variable for climate-sensitive area planning under heterogeneity: a geographically weighted regression approach","volume":"0","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Area Dev. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0150","series-title":"Indices of deprivation, London Datastore","author":"Ministry of Housing Communities & Local Government (MHCLG)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0155","article-title":"National Statistics English indices of deprivation 2019","volume":"2019","author":"Ministry of Housing Communities and Local Government (MHCLG)","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ministry of Housing, Commun. Local Government"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.35.20255-en","article-title":"Evidence for airborne infectious disease transmission in public ground transport - A literature review","volume":"17","author":"Mohr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0165","series-title":"Deaths Involving COVID-19 by Local Area and Socioeconomic Deprivation: Deaths Occurring Between 1 March and 31 July 2020","author":"Office for National Statistics (ONS)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0170","series-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Roundup","author":"Office for National Statistics (ONS)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1057\/udi.2011.2","article-title":"Understanding the link between street connectivity, land use and pedestrian flows","volume":"16","author":"Ozbil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urban Des. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association between architectural parameters and burden of tuberculosis in three resettlement colonies of M-East Ward, Mumbai, India","author":"Pardeshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cities Health"},{"issue":"2020","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.05.006","article-title":"Poverty, inequality and COVID-19: the forgotten vulnerable","volume":"183","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.9.1390","article-title":"The built environment and its relationship to the public\u2019s health: the legal framework","volume":"93","author":"Perdue","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0195","series-title":"COVID-19: Track Coronavirus Cases","author":"Public Health England","year":"2020"},{"issue":"240","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0200","article-title":"The association between green space and cause-specific mortality in urban New Zealand: an ecological analysis of green space utility","volume":"10","author":"Richardson","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102418","article-title":"Examining the association between socio-demographic composition and COVID-19 fatalities in the European region using spatial regression approach","volume":"62","author":"Sannigrahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"issue":"May 2019","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2020.126585","article-title":"Geospatial approach for assessing spatiotemporal dynamics of urban green space distribution among neighbourhoods\u202f: a demonstration in Mumbai","volume":"48","author":"Sathyakumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3166\/rig.22.287-305","article-title":"Urban network analysis. A new toolbox for ArcGIS","volume":"22","author":"Sevtsuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revue internationale de g\u00e9omatique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0220","series-title":"Urban Network Analysis Toolbox for ArcGIS 10\/10.1\/10.2 Help","author":"Sevtsuk","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0225","series-title":"Cities After Coronavirus: How Covid-19 Could Radically Alter Urban Life","author":"Shenker","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10 October 2020","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0230","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accessibility and allocation of public parks and gardens in England and Wales: a COVID-19 social distancing perspective","volume":"15","author":"Shoari","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"October 2019","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0235","article-title":"Emerging infectious disease, the household built environment characteristics, and urban planning: evidence on avian influenza in Vietnam","volume":"193","author":"Spencer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0240","series-title":"COVID-19 Attack Rate Increases with City Size","author":"Stier","year":"2020"},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102390","article-title":"The efficacy of social distance and ventilation effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 transmission","volume":"62","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society. Elsevier"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2148\/benv.29.2.94.54467","article-title":"Nature, role and value of green space in towns and cities: an overview","volume":"29","author":"Swanwick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Built Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2148\/benv.29.2.94.54467","article-title":"Nature, role and value of green space in towns and cities: an overview","volume":"29","author":"Swanwick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Built Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0260","series-title":"Recovering Together","author":"The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2307\/143141","article-title":"A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region","volume":"46","author":"Tobler","year":"1970","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0270","series-title":"Getting Serious With DepthMap: Segment Analysis and Scripting","first-page":"18","author":"Turner","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001","article-title":"Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: a literature review","volume":"81","author":"Tzoulas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"issue":"October","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0280","article-title":"Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use and perceptions of urban green space: an international exploratory study","volume":"56","author":"Ugolini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0285","series-title":"Town and Country Planning Act 1990","author":"UK Parliament","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0290","series-title":"COVID-19 & Poverty: How Sustainable Development Goal One Will Be Affected","author":"United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127086","article-title":"The motivation and factors influencing visits to small urban parks in Shanghai, China","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. Elsevier GmbH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017","article-title":"Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: the challenge of making cities \u2018just green enough\u2019","volume":"125","author":"Wolch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0305","series-title":"Managing Epidemics: Key Facts about Major Deadly Diseases","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0310","series-title":"WHO Director-General\u2019s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182_bib0315","article-title":"Evaluating spatial disparity of access to Public Parks in Gated and Open communities with an improved G2SFCA Model","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"}],"container-title":["Urban Forestry & Urban Greening"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1618866721002077?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1618866721002077?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T06:14:37Z","timestamp":1761632077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1618866721002077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S1618866721002077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-8667"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-8667","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial distributive effects of public green space and COVID-19 infection in London","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2021.127182","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"127182"}}